层结流体中湍流锋面特征的实验研究

在线性分层的水体中，由拖动竖条形栅格产生湍流锋面，通过阴影可视化技术考察了锋面的流态和运动行为，将锋面迹线经过图像处理，获得了锋面运动特征的有关信息：运动速度随时间的增长关系；锋面坍塌的平均无因次特征时间为NT_c=2.9，它随湍流Froude数Fr_i的增大而减小；锋面的特征尺度H_f与栅格运动的参数有关；当湍流演化成内波时，对锋面与内波运动间的关系进行了初步探讨和分析。

Critical serrated flow features during nanoindentation in La-based bulk metallic glasses

La57.6Al17.5(Cu,Ni)(24.9) and La64Al14(Cu,Ni)(22) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were prepared by copper-mould casting method. Plastic deformation behavior of the two BMGs at various loading rates was studied by nanoindentation. The results showed that the La57.6Al17.5(Cu,Ni)(24.9) BMG with a glass transition temperature of 423 K exhibited prominent serrated flow at low loading rates, whereas less pronounced serrated flow at high rates during nanoindentation. In contrast, the La64Al14(Cu,Ni)(22) BMG with a glass transition temperature of 401 K exhibited prominent serrated flow at high loading rates. The different rate dependency of serrated flow in the two La-based BMGs is related to the different glass transition temperature, and consequently the degree of viscous flow during indentation at room temperature. A smoother flow occurs in the alloy with relatively lower glass transition temperature, due to the relaxation of stress concentration.

环状日冕瞬变的活塞驱动理论

本文用柱面活塞驱动过程模拟环状日冕瞬变现象。用特征线法数值研究在太阳引力作用下活塞的运动过程,得出了符合活塞运动条件及联结条件的等离子体密度分布、流速分布及激波特征。活塞驱动理论所得结果在形态、运动学、动力学及演化方面均与观测一致。

摩擦阻尼层板动力响应的研究(试验研究和有限元分析)

本文对由螺栓夹紧的金属表板和毛毡夹心所构成的摩擦阻尼层板进行了试验研究和有限元分析.这种板造价便宜,重量轻,阻尼性能好,在高空不会气化污染,宜于在宇航工程中应用.试验是针对不同的毡层厚度,不同的螺栓数目,和夹紧力的情况下进行的,结果表明:阻尼的形成主要依靠板毡之间的摩擦,夹毡板与等刚度的整体板比较,阻尼性能可提高三十多倍.文中还构造了层板矩形有限单元,并在考虑滑移机理的情况下,应用这种单元对悬臂矩形层板做了振动分析,计算结果与试验数据符合较好,频率计算误差在5%以内.

混流式水輪机叶片的設計和計算(一)

<正> Q——通过水輪机的总流量N——水輪机的出力(功率)H——水头g——重力加速度η——水輪机的效率n——叶片数ω——水轉机轉动的角速度ξ_k——水力摩損系数(?)——势函数((?)有时也代表骨綫在u,z坐标中的傾斜角)ψ——在u,z坐标系中的流函数h(z)——流层的相对厚度Φ——h~(1/2)•(?)ψ——1/h~(1/2)ψQ_i——每一流层中通过z=0处的每单位厚

Influence of convections on dopant segregation in floating-zone crystal-growth system

The steady and axisymmetric crystal growth process of floating zone model was studied numerically to concern with the influence of convection and phase change on effective segregation. An iteration method of numerical simulation considering both thermocapillary and buoyancy effects for GaAs crystal growth gave the effective segregation coefficient, which was compared with the space experiment of GaAs on board the Chinese recoverable satellite. The calculated segregation coefficient of a two-dimensional model was found to be smaller than the one suggested by space experiment with the simplified assumption of an one-dimensional model.

Thermal-conductivity of periodic composite media with spherical inclusions

The thermal conductivity of periodic composite media with spherical inclusions embedded in a homogeneous matrix is discussed. Using Green's function, we show that the Rayleigh identity can be generalized to deal with the thermal properties of these systems. A technique for calculating effective thermal conductivities is proposed. Systems with cubic symmetries (including simple cubic, body centered cubic and face centered cubic symmetry) are investigated in detail, and useful formulae for evaluating effective thermal conductivities are derived.

固体力学进展及应用: 庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集

《固体力学进展及应用：庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集》收录了近代固体力学基础理论及其应用领域的重要科技成果和最新进展。作者是在同体力学领域工作多年的资深研究员，他们来自各行各业，有丰富的科研与丁作经验。他们提供的论文在相当程度上反映当前同体力学的发展现状与成就，并能看出发展趋势，对未来研究的课题选择有参考价值。《固体力学进展及应用：庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集》还收集了李敏华院士的珍贵照片和纪念李敏华院士90华诞的庆贺和回忆文章，具有重要的史料价值。

准定常强激波反射马赫杆突出变形准则的探讨

分析了滑移线延长线与楔面交点附近的流动特点,研究了准定常强激波反射中马赫杆的变形,建立了马赫杆突出变形消失的过渡准则,并用激波极曲线方法进行了求解.对马赫杆的变形过程进行了描述,研究了比热比、马赫数的变化对马赫杆突出变形消失条件的影响,并对突出变形消失区域与终点双马赫反射区域进行了比较.结果表明:马赫杆突出变形的消失是低比热比介质中出现的一种激波反射现象.马赫杆突出变形的消失,导致出现一种新的无射流、直马赫杆的双马赫反射结构.

Boiling heat transfer enhancement by using micro-pin-finned surface for electronics cooling

For efficiently cooling electronic components with high heat flux, experiments were conducted to study the flow boiling heat transfer performance of FC-72 over square silicon chips with the dimensions of 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm3. Four kinds of micro-pin-fins with the dimensions of 30 × 60, 30 × 120, 50 × 60, 50 × 120 μm2 (thickness, t × height, h) were fabricated on the chip surfaces by the dry etching technique for enhancing boiling heat transfer. A smooth surface was also tested for comparison. The experiments were made at three different fluid velocities (0.5, 1 and 2 m/s) and three different liquid subcoolings (15, 25 and 35 K). The results were compared with the previous published data of pool boiling. All micro-pin-fined surfaces show a considerable heat transfer enhancement compared with a smooth surface. Flow boiling can remarkably decrease wall superheat compared with pool boiling. At the velocities lower than 1 m/s, the micro-pin-finned surfaces show a sharp increase in heat flux with increasing wall superheat. For all surfaces, the maximum allowable heat flux, qmax, for the normal operation of LSI chips increases with fluid velocity and subcooling. For all micro-pin-finned surfaces, the wall temperature at the critical heat flux (CHF) is less than the upper limit for the reliable operation of LSI chips, 85◦C. The largest value of qmax can reach nearly 148 W/cm2 for micro-pin-finned chips with the fin height of 120 μm at the fluid velocity of 2 m/s and the liquid subcooling of 35 K. The perspectives for the boiling heat transfer experiment of the prospective micro-pin-finned sur- faces, which has been planned to be made in the Drop Tower Beijing/NMLC in the future, are also presented.

节流器内液-固两相流固体颗粒冲蚀数值模拟

建立了考虑颗粒碰撞的颗粒冲蚀计算模型,该数学模型包括:在Eulerian坐标系下求解连续相流场;在Lagrangian坐标系下运用离散颗粒硬球模型求解颗粒碰撞;应用半实验关联式求解颗粒冲蚀速率。对水力加砂压裂施工中节流器内液-固两相流的固体颗粒运动和冲蚀特性进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,固体颗粒密集于节流器入口到出口的一段狭长区域内,冲蚀速率随流体速度呈指数性变化。颗粒直径越大,冲蚀速率也越大。节流器内冲蚀最严重的位置发生在距离节流器出口上边缘10mm以内的局部区域。

High-efficiency volume hologram recording with a pulsed signal beam

We present an efficient photorefractive volume hologram recording technique with a pulsed signal beam and continuous reference-beam illumination. The grating envelope can be simply controlled by manipulation of the duty cycle of the signal beam. Thus, for any grating coupling strength and different initial reference-signal intensity ratios, the diffraction efficiency can be maximized with this technique and can be greatly increased in comparison with that of the conventional recording technique. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America.

Optimal feedback control of two-photon fluorescence in Coumarin 515 based on genetic algorithm

An optimal feedback control of two-photon fluorescence in the Coumarin 515 ethanol solution excited by shaping femtosecond laser pulses based on genetic algorithm is demonstrated experimentally. The two-photon fluorescence intensity can be enhanced by similar to 20%. Second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating traces indicate that the optimal laser pulses are positive chirp, which are in favor of the effective population transfer of two-photon transitions. The dependence of the two-photon fluorescence signal on the laser pulse chirp is investigated to validate the theoretical model for the effective population transfer of two-photon transitions. The experimental results appear the potential applications in nonlinear spectroscopy and molecular physics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Generation of an extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum in a two-color laser field

We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation in a helium atom with a two-color optical field synthesized by an intense 6 fs pulse at 800 nm and a relatively weak 21.3 fs pulse at 400 nm. When the frequency-doubled pulse is properly time shifted with respect to the fundamental pulse, an ultrabroad extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum spectrum with a 148 eV spectral width can be generated which directly creates an isolated 65 as pulse even without phase compensation. We explain this extraordinary phenomenon by analyzing maximum electron kinetic energies at different return times.

Temperature dependence of dark lines in coherent population trapping

We measure the signal amplitude and linewidth of a dark line in coherent population trapping in the Rb vapour cell filled with mixed buffer gas N-2 and Ar as a function of cell temperature. We find that the dark line signal amplitude increases with temperature up to a maximum at 49 degrees C and then drops at higher temperatures due to quenching effects of N-2. The linewidth of the dark line remains basically constant, at 1080 Hz. We also measure the linewidth of the dark line as a function of laser intensity. The linewidth increases linearly with laser intensity. An intrinsic linewidth (FWHM=896 Hz at 3.4 GHz) of the Rb cell is obtained.