Near-diffraction-limited, 35.4 W laser-diode end-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab laser operating at 1342 nm

A diode stack end-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab laser at 1342 nm with near-diffraction-limited beam quality by using a hybrid resonator was presented. At a pump power of 139.5 W, laser power of 35.4 W was obtained with a conversion efficiency of 25.4% of the laser diode to laser output. The beam quality M-2 factors were measured to be 1.2 in the unstable direction and 1.3 in the stable direction at the output power of 29 W. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows: Physical Aspects and Research Trends

In the current paper, we have primarily addressed one powerful simulation tool developed during the last decades-Large Eddy Simulation (LES), which is most suitable for unsteady three-dimensional complex turbulent flows in industry and natural environment. The main point in LES is that the large-scale motion is resolved while the small-scale motion is modeled or, in geophysical terminology, parameterized. With a view to devising a subgrid-scale(SGS) model of high quality, we have highlighted analyzing physical aspects in scale interaction and-energy transfer such as dissipation, backscatter, local and non-local interaction, anisotropy and resolution requirement. They are the factors responsible for where the advantages and disadvantages in existing SGS models come from. A case study on LES of turbulence in vegetative canopy is presented to illustrate that LES model is more based on physical arguments. Then, varieties of challenging complex turbulent flows in both industry and geophysical fields in the near future-are presented. In conclusion; we may say with confidence that new century shall see the flourish in the research of turbulence with the aid of LES combined with other approaches.

Distributions of temperature, velocity and viscosity at symmetrical axis of cylindrical plume in earth's mantle with variable viscosity

The parameters at the symmetrical axis of a cylindrical plume characterize the strength of this plume and provide a boundary condition which must be given to investigate the structure of a plume. For Newtonian fluid with a temperature-and pressure-dependence viscosity, an asymptotical solution of hydrodynamic equations at the symmetrical axis of the plume is found in the present paper. The temperature, upward velocity and viscosity at the symmetrical axis have been obtained as functions of depth, The calculated results have been given for two typical sets of Newtonian rheological parameters. The results obtained show that the temperature distribution along the symmetrical axis is nearly independent of the theological parameters. The upward velocity at the symmetrical axis, however, is strongly dependent on the rheological parameters.

大功率半导体激光器腔面镀膜的理论研究

从平面波假设出发推导了多层薄膜的特性矩阵，得到了膜系的反射率计算公式。研究了腔面反射率对大功率半导体激光器的外量子效率、阈值增益和输出功率比的影响，并给出了整个膜系反射率随膜层的光学厚度、折射率差及其层数的变化趋势。该模型对半导体激光器的腔面膜层设计具有实际的指导意义。

Local thermal fixing of a photorefractive LiNbO3 hologram by use of a CO2 laser

A real-time, in situ fixing method by use of heating with a CO2 laser beam is suggested for thermal fixing of a small local hologram in the bulk of a Fe:LiNbO3 photorefractive crystal. For heating up to 100 degrees C-200 degrees C a volume with a shape similar to that of the laser beam a heat-guiding technique is developed. On the basis of the heat-transfer equations, different heating modes with or without metal absorbers for heat guiding-obtained by use of a continuous or pulsed laser beam are analyzed. The optimal mode may be pulsed heating with absorbers. On this basis experiments have been designed and demonstrated. It is seen that the fixing process with CO2 laser beam is short compared with the process by use of an oven, and the fixing efficiency is quite high. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America.

Purification, characterization and cytokine release function of a novel Arg-49 phospholipase A(2) from the venom of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus

Group IIA phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) are major components in Viperidae/Crotalidae venom. In the present study, a novel PLA(2) named promutoxin with Arg at the site 49 has been purified from the venom of Protobothrops muerosquamatus by chromatography. It

超声断尾精子头显微受精O输卵管内移植研究的初步报告

　目的　了解精子头细胞膜破损对ICSI 结果的影响。方法　采用兔精子经超声断尾处理后,对5 只母兔行单精 子头(核) 显微受精O输卵管腹壶部移植。结果　受精率及卵裂率分别达到72 %及91. 6 % ,稍高于正常对照组,但无统计学意 义。两只母兔移植后怀孕,一母兔已产下两只健康雌性仔兔。结论　精子头细胞膜破损并不影响ICSI 后的受精率、卵裂率及 怀孕产仔。该研究的开展,为建立一种新的基因导入方法奠定基础。

脊椎动物GnRH肽的分子多态性和功能

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)是在调控脊椎动物性腺发育和最后性成熟中起至关重要作用的一个保守神经十肽家族.从mGnRH被证实以来,已经从原索动物和脊椎动物神经组织中发现16种不同形式的GnRH肽.在已研究的脊椎动物中,cGnRH-Ⅱ肽在所有脊椎动物脑组织中存在并完全保守,然而发挥主要功能作用的一般都是在下丘脑和端脑中优势表达的种属特异性GnRH肽.与脑组织中存在多种类型GnRH肽相对应的是,在部分脊椎动物的垂体促性腺激素细胞膜上发现多种亚型的GnRH受体(GnRH-R).GnRH基因或GnRH-R的缺失或

梁子湖湿地植物多样性现状与评价

根据1999~2001年的野外调查数据,研究了湖北梁子湖湿地浮游藻类和高等植物多样性资源.结果表明,该湿地常见浮游藻类73种,隶属于7门58属(绿藻28种,硅藻19种,蓝藻14种,金藻4种,裸藻3种,甲藻3种,隐藻2种);高等植物282种,隶属于72科183属(苔藓8种,蕨类9种,裸子植物3种,被子植物262种),其中国家重点保护野生植物5种.浮游藻类密度和生物量均值分别为(1163.79913.51)104cell/L和6.1342.737mg/L,叶绿素a含量12.754.98mg/L,浮游藻类表层日

Satellite Constellation Design for Complex Coverage

Most traditional satellite constellation design methods are associated with a simple zonal or global, continuous or discontinuous coverage connected with a visibility of points on the Earth's surface. A new geometric approach for more complex coverage of a geographic region is proposed. Full and partial coverage of regions is considered. It implies that, at any time, the region is completely or partially within the instantaneous access area of a satellite of the constellation. The key idea of the method is a two-dimensional space application for maps of the satellite constellation and coverage requirements. The space dimensions are right ascension of ascending node and argument of latitude. Visibility requirements of each region can be presented as a polygon and satellite constellation as a uniform moving grid. At any time, at least one grid vertex must belong to the polygon. The optimal configuration of the satellite constellation corresponds to the maximum sparse grid. The method is suitable for continuous and discontinuous coverage. In the last case, a vertex belonging to the polygon should be examined with a revisit time. Examples of continuous coverage for a space communication network and of the United States are considered. Examples of discontinuous coverage are also presented.