11 resultados para 13200-071
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
本文研究了北京山区落叶阀叶林优势种一辽东栎、大叶白蜡、北京丁香、核桃楸、山杏和荆条等乔灌木的稳定碳同位素比率,长期水分利用效率、植物蒸腾特性和土壤植物体的水分运动特点,并从植物解剖学的角度研究了这些植物叶片特点和其水分生理生态特性的关系。 对北京山区落叶阔叶林生态系统这几种乔、灌木植物叶片中的碳稳定性同位素比率(δ¹³C值)测定结果显示,这些植物叶片的δ¹³C值受多种因子的影响,具有较大的种间差异及时空异质性。主要表现在不同植物种叶片δ¹³C值不同,其排列顺序为山杏(- 24.75±0.85%。>大叶白蜡(- 25,94±1.52%。)=荆条(- 26.01±1.63%。)=辽东栎(一26.07±1.17%。)=北京丁香(-26.46±0.80c70。)>核桃楸(-28.11±1.52%。);生长初期叶片δ¹³C值较生长末期高,尤以核桃楸和辽东栎表现明显其生长初期和末期的叶片δ¹³C值皆相差达3‰;生境条件,特别是土壤水分含量和土层厚度,对植物叶片的813C值的高低有较大的影响,生长在于旱生境中的植物具有较高的δ¹³C值。另外,即使是同一株植物,叶片δ¹³C值也因其在冠层中所处的位置不同而异,冠层项部叶片的δ¹³C值高于林冠内部的叶片。北京山区落叶阔叶林优势种的长期水分利用效率与种的特点有关,山杏最高(4.950±0.l71mmolC0_2•mol-1H_2O),核桃楸最低(3.760±0.203mmolC0_2•mol-1H_2O),大叶白蜡、荆条、辽东栎和北京丁香居中(4.346- 4.530 mmolCO_2•mol-1H_2O),大部分植物长期水分利用效率在春季(5月)较高,秋季较低,荆条由于物候期的特殊性在其生长季初期较低,而后逐渐增高。核桃楸在不存在水分亏缺情况下,树干液流速率受微气候因子的影响,液流速率的最大值达1600g•hour 左右。树干液流速率的日进程和大气相对湿度、温度的日进程具有相当好的生态学同步性。通过对核桃楸夜晚树干液流的分析可以得出其有根压存在的结论。 植物叶片和枝条中自由水和束缚水含量主要决定于植物种的特性,枝条的年龄、生境特点,特别是土壤水分特点。在落叶阔叶林I(样地2)中植物叶片自由水含量的排列顺序是:北京丁香>核桃楸>大叶白蜡>辽东栎;而杂灌丛(样地1)中植物叶片自由水含量的排列顺序是:核桃楸>大叶白蜡>山杏>荆条>北京丁香>辽东栎,可见群落类型对植物自由水含量影响是很大的,植物束缚水含量与其自由水含量的格局完全相反,荆条、山杏等植物含量高,核桃揪含量低。枝条水分含量有与叶片水分含量相类似的特点。 北京山区落叶阔叶林优势种的水分生理生态学特性和其叶片的特点有很大的关系,首先是植物叶片的特点总是和其种的特性相联系,主要表现在叶的类型、叶片上毛、气孔密度、着生方式等,如荆条叶片上下表面都密被披针形毛,气孔小,核桃楸气孔较大且凸出,大叶白蜡叶片上的气孔凹陷,辽东栎的气孔呈椭圆状,保卫细胞上有许多白色蜡质结晶。有一些种有环状的气孔外缘。生境的变化对叶片的形态特征有影响,在全光照条件下叶片小而犀,而在庇荫条件下叶片大而薄,在扫描电镜下可见全光照条件下北京丁香叶片基本无毛,庇荫条件下则有短微毛,全光条件下荆条叶片上毛有小乳头状凸起,庇荫条件下没有。本文所研究的植物种气孔都着生在叶片的下表面,气孔密度的大小排列顺序是:辽东栎>山杏>北京丁香>核桃楸>大叶白蜡。经方差分析显示种闷气孔密度存在极显著性差异。对所研究植物的气孔导度和环境因子、叶片解剖特点进行线性回归分析,得到了总体的和各个种的回归模型,结果表明光照强度、气孔密度等对气孔导度影响显著,但因种的不同相互之间存在差别。 植物的蒸腾速率受多因子的影响,主要有种的特点、微气候因子(光照强度、大气相对湿度、叶面温度、叶室温度等)和土壤水分特点。植物的蒸腾速率日进程和微气候因子日进程有相当好的生态学同步性。对辽东栎的蒸腾速率和光照强度的研究发现二者有很好的线性关系。这些植物蒸腾速率都表现出一定规律的日进程和季节进程,大多数植物蒸腾速率在一天中有数次波动,最高峰一般出现在中午12时之前;在整个生长季中,6月底至8月初的蒸腾速率高于其他月份。
Resumo:
以我国主要经济海产品中国对虾( Penus chinensis ) 为研究对象, 通过Sephadex G250 、RP2HPLC 等 技术分离纯化到PC2 Ⅲ系列中国对虾天然抗菌肽。经初步鉴定, 该系列抗菌肽对革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性菌都 表现出程度不一的抑菌活性, 且不同程度地影响小白鼠离体回肠肌收缩, 但无丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂活性。用 MALDI2TOF 质谱对样品进行分析, 检测到分子量分别为1 071 Da 和1 311 Da 的两种抗菌肽。这些抗菌肽对对虾 抵御微生物的侵袭具有重要的作用
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A Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain CW 7(T), was isolated from forest soil in Anhui Province, south-east China. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile with peritrichous flagella and rod-shaped. The strain grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C and pH 7.0-8.0. The major fatty acids of strain CW 7(T) were anteiso-C-15:0, iso-C-15:0 and anteiso-C-17:0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 42.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain CW 7(T) belonged to a monophyletic cluster within the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of less than 96.5% to recognized species of the genus Bacillus. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study, including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, showed that strain CW 7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus pallidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CW 7(T) (=KCTC 13200(T)=CCTCC AB 207188(T)=LMG 24451(T)).
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A Sb-mediated growth technique is developed to deposit Ge quantum dots (QDs) of small size, high density, and foe of dislocations. These QDs were grown at low growth temperature by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence and absorption properties of these Ge QDs suggest an indirect-to-direct conversion, which is in good agreement with a theoretical calculation. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)00420-3].
Resumo:
延安地区是黄土高原水土流失最为严重的地区之一。利用延安气象站1951-2005年的日降雨量数据,采用日雨量侵蚀力模型估算延安地区降雨侵蚀力,结果表明:该地区降雨侵蚀力主要集中在6-9月,占到了全年的85.6%。年降雨侵蚀力的平均值为1765.73MJ.mm/(hm2.h),55年间,年降雨侵蚀力变异程度适中,从整体上看,趋势保持平稳,其离差系数Cv和变异趋势系数r分别为0.41和-0.071。
Resumo:
The molar heat capacities of the two biphenyl liquid crystals, 3BmFF and 3BmFFXF3, with a purity of 99.7 mol% have been precisely measured by a fully automated precision adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range between T = 80 and 350 K. Nematic phase-liquid phase transitions were found between T = 297 K and 300 K with a peak temperature of T-peak = (298.071 +/- 0.089) K for 3BmFF, and between T = 316 and 319 K with a peak temperature of T-peak = (315.543 +/- 0.043) K for 3BmFFXF3. The molar enthalpy (Delta(trs)H(m)) and entropy (Delta(trs)S(m)) corresponding to these phase transitions have been determined by means of the analysis of the heat capacity curves, which are (15.261 +/- 0.023) U mol(-1) and (51.202 +/- 0.076) J K-1 mol(-1) for 3BmFF, (31.624 +/- 0.066) kJ mol(-1) and (100.249 +/- 0.212) J K-1 mol(-1) for 3BmFFXF3, respectively. The real melting points (TI) and the ideal melting points (TO) with no impurities of the two compounds have been obtained from the fractional melting method to be (298.056 +/- 0.018) K and (298.165 +/- 0.038) K for 3BmFF, (315.585 +/- 0.043) K and (315.661 +/- 0.044) K for 3BmFFXF3, respectively. In addition, the transitions of these two biphenyl liquid crystals from nematic phase to liquid phase have further been investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique; the repeatability and reliability for these phase transitions were verified. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
The surface properties, porosities, and adsorption capacities of activated carbons (AC) are modified by the oxidation treatment using concentrated H2SO4 at temperatures 150-270 degreesC. The modified AC was characterized by N-2 adsorption, base titration, FTIR, and the adsorption of iodine, chlorophenol, methylene blue, and dibenzothiophene. The treatment of AC with concentrated H2SO4 at 250 degreesC greatly increases the mesoporous volume from 0.243 mL/g to 0.452 mL/g, specific surface areas from 393 m(2)/g to 745 m(2)/g, and acidic surface oxygen complexes from 0.071 meq/g to 1.986 meq/g as compared with the unmodified AC. The base titration results indicate that the amount of acidic surface oxygen groups on the modified AC increases with increasing the treatment temperatures and carboxyls and phenols are the most abundant carbon-oxygen functional groups. The carboxyl groups, COO- species, and hydroxyl groups are detected mainly for the sample treated at 250 degreesC. The mesoporous properties of the AC modified by concentrated H2SO4 were further tested by the adsorption of methylene blue and dibenzothiophene. The AC modified by concentrated H2SO4 at 250 degreesC has much higher adsorption capacities for large molecules (e.g., methylene blue and dibenzothiophene) than the unmodified AC but less adsorption capacities for small molecules (e.g., iodine). The adsorption results from aqueous solutions have been interpreted using Freundlich adsorption models.
Resumo:
A novel dimer-tungstovanadate, (H3O)(4)[VW12O40Na (H2O)(4)](2), was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, TGA-DSC thermal analysis and polarograpy. The yellowish crystal crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P1, a = 1.464 5(3) nm, b = 1.468 6(3) nm, c = 1.411 1(3) nm, alpha = 111.82(2)degrees, beta = 93.17(3)degrees, gamma = 117.47(3)degrees, V = 2.210 6(8) nm(3), Z = 1, D-c = 4.552 g . cm(-3), lambda (Mo K alpha) = 0.071 073 nm, mu = 31.402 mm(-1) F(000) = 2 6481 R = 0.078 0. The title compound consists of two Keggin structure units linked together with two hydrated sodium cations to form a dimer with a porous structure with the pore dimension of 0.766 nm X 0.778 5 nm.
Resumo:
本研究以中国对虾为材料,以杂交育种和选择育种为目标,进行了系统的中国对虾杂交育种试验、生长性状遗传参数试验及其分子遗传连锁图谱的构建工作。结果表明以不同地理群体杂交作为基础群体,然后采用系统的选择育种方法可以获得较好的选择效果。构建的遗传连锁图谱为中国对虾分子辅助育种提供一定的基础。这些试验结果为中国对虾合理系统的育种工作提供了理论基础和数据支持。其具体结果如下: 1. 试验对中国对虾黄渤海水域乳山湾群体(WYP)和朝鲜半岛南海群体(WKN)的2个群体及其杂交后代不同月龄生长情况和存活率进行了研究,测量体长(TL)、头胸甲长(CL)、头胸甲宽(CW)、第2、3腹节高(HST)、第2、3腹节宽(WST)、体重(BW)和存活率共7个性状,计算各项指标的杂种优势率,并对各性状进行了方差分析和多重比较。其3月龄生长情况和存活率研究结果表明,存活率在乳山湾群体(WYP♀)× 朝鲜半岛南海群体(WKN♂)杂交后代出现杂种劣势外,其他指标都表现出不同程度的杂种优势(4.37%~23.96% )。除了存活率外,杂交后代生长性状均显著高于亲本,乳山湾群体(WYP♀)×朝鲜半岛南海群体(WKN♂)杂交后代高于朝鲜半岛南海群体(WKN♀)× 乳山湾群体(WYP♂)杂交后代,黄渤海水域乳山湾群体高于朝鲜半岛南海群体后代。为确定测量性状与中国对虾体重的相关程度,建立了用体长(X1),头胸甲宽(X2),第2、3腹节宽(X3),头胸甲长(X4),第2、3腹节高(X5)估计体重的多元回归方程:Y = -2.056 + 0.03X1 + 0.076X2 + 0.078X3 + 0.033X4 + 0.043X5。 2. 中国对虾黄渤海水域乳山湾群体(WYP)和朝鲜半岛南海群体(WKN)2个群体及其杂交后代在4月龄时期的6个生长指标和存活率的杂种优势范围在0.514%到14.95%之间,WYP♀×WKN♂杂交后代在这7个指标中都高于WKN♀×WYP♂杂交后代。5月龄杂交后代也表现出一定程度的杂种优势,其范围在-9.000%~19.090%之间,但头胸甲长、第2、3腹节处高和存活率3个指标出现杂种劣势。不同杂交组合各个阶段生长发育情况和存活率在杂种优势表现出一定的规律。随着月龄的增加,WKN♀×WYP♂杂交后代杂种优势率有所增加,而WYP♀×WKN♂杂交后代的却有所降低。ANOVA分析结果表明,杂交后代在存活率方面与双亲差异不显著。4月龄的分析结果发现杂交后代在WST和BW这2个指标上存在显著差异。LSD多重比较结果显示,WYP♀×WKN♂杂交后代在BW指标上与亲本存在显著差异,在WST指标方面与其他3个组合的后代差异显著。5月龄的数据分析结果发现,杂交后代除体重存在显著差异外,其他各项指标差异均不显著。LSD多重比较结果发现,WKN♀×WYP♂杂交后代体重与其亲本WKN存在显著差异。 3. 对2个野生群体——朝鲜半岛南海岸群体(WKN)和黄渤海群体(WYP)和3个养殖群体——朝鲜半岛群体的养殖一代(FKN),黄海1号(HH1)和即抗98(JK98)进行杂交试验的研究,结果表明JK98 (♀) WKN (♂)组合在存活率方面最高,其余的依次为WYP (♀) WKN (♂),WKN (♀) WYP (♂),FKN (♀)HH1 (♂) 和 WYP (♀) FKN (♂)。而在体重方面FKN(♀) HH1(♂)组合最高,其余的依次为WKN (♀) WYP (♂),WYP (♀) WKN (♂),WYP (♀)FKN (♂) 和 JK98 (♀)WKN (♂)。在所有生长性状方面,JK98 (♀) WKN (♂)在5个组合中是最低的。方差检测结果表明,TL、CL、HST、LL和BW这5个指标在不同组合间存在差异,而其他指标不存在差异。多重比较结果发现JK98 (♀)WKN (♂)组合的TL与其他组合间差异极显著,HST指标与WKN (♀) WYP (♂),FKN(♀) HH1(♂)和 WYP (♀) WKN (♂)这3个组合差异显著,BW指标与WKN (♀) WYP (♂) 和 FKN(♀) HH1(♂)差异显著。 4. 通过人工授精的方法建立了中国对虾21个半同胞家系,测量了中国对虾21个半同胞(46个全同胞)家系的TL、CL、CW、HST、WST、第1腹节长(FL)、第6腹节长(LL)。利用MTDFREML软件得到生长性状遗传力在0.15~0.35之间,属于中度遗传力范围。TL的遗传力为0.34±0.071,CL的为0.30±0.070,CW为0.35±0.077,WST为0.33±0.073,HST为0.33±0.073,FL的最低为0.15±0.044,LL的为0.24±0.059。各个性状间表现出高的正相关,其中CW和TL以及HST的遗传相关最大,FL和WST的遗传相关最小。 通过以上杂交育种和选择育种的研究,认为单纯的依靠杂交育种来改善中国对虾的育种工作可能具有一定的局限性。所以在实际的育种过程中,以中国对虾不同群体的杂交后代作为基础群体,并以此为基础进行系统的选择育种应该具有更大的潜力。 5. 本试验利用中国对虾F2群体和AFLP分子标记技术进行了遗传连锁图谱的构建。利用55对AFLP引物组合对F2家系的110个个体进行了研究,结果检测到532个符合作图策略的AFLP标记。利用卡方检验检测分离位点是否符合孟德尔分离定律。对于符合3:1比例的分离位点利用F2自交模型构建性别平均连锁图谱,对于符合1:1比例的分离位点利用拟测交理论分别构建中国对虾的雌性和雄性遗传连锁图谱。雌性、雄性和性别平均遗传图谱分别有28、35和44个连锁群,图谱实际长度分别为1090、1617和1772.1 cM。中国对虾遗传连锁图谱估计基因组长度为2420 cM,符合与人类基因组相比的对虾类基因组长度。中国对虾雄性遗传连锁图谱比雌性遗传连锁图谱长32.6%,这可能说明中国对虾不同性别存在不同的重组率。通过皮尔逊相关系数检测认为AFLP标记在中国对虾图谱上分布均匀。本文利用AFLP标记构建的中国对虾遗传连锁图谱为中国对虾基因组研究和遗传改良提供一定的基础,同时也应该开发微卫星等共显性标记,为遗传连锁图谱的整合提供条件。
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The low-temperature heat capacities of trifluoroacetamide were precisely determined with a small sample precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 404 K. A solid-to-solid phase transition, a fusion and a phase transition from a liquid crystalline phase to fully liquid phase have been observed at the temperatures of 336.911+/-0.102, 347.622+/-0.094 and 388.896+/-0.160 K, respectively. The molar enthalpies of these phase transitions as well as the chemical purity of the substance were determined to be 5.576+/-0.004, 11.496+/-0.007, 1.340+/-0.005 kJ mol(-1) and 99.30 mol%, respectively, on the basis of the heat capacity measurements. The molar entropies of the three phase transitions were calculated to be 16.550+/-0.012, 33.071+/-0.029 and 3.447+/-0.027 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. Further researches of the thermochemical properties for this compound have been carried out by means of TG and DSC techniques. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.