35 resultados para 1283

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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本文基于晶体塑性增量理论,讨论了给定应力率或给定应变率的情况下,滑移剪切率的确定方法;提出了相应的多变量函数的极值原理;把问题归结为二次凸规划问题. 对于晶体在外力作用下塑性响应问题,本文提出了两个新的与边值问题等价的极值原理.在这些极值原理中,滑移剪切率将作为独立宗量,通过变分方程求得.

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本文采用Galerkin方法以及数值平滑技巧,获得了毛细血管中介于红细胞间的“团流”近似解,并详尽讨论了红细胞直径与毛细管直径之比λ和红细胞同血管壁间的润滑层中回漏流量参数Q对于“团流”的影响。 文中还纠正了以往关于边界条件的不合理提法,使“团流”解同润滑层中流动相衔接。与其它理论计算相比较,结果是一致的。它为计算红细胞变形提供了正确的边界条件。

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长期以来,远场光学荧光显微镜凭借其非接触、无损伤、可探测样品内部等优点,一直是生命科学中最常用的观测工具。但由于衍射极限的存在,使传统的宽场光学显微镜横向和纵向的分辨率分别仅约为230 nm和1000 nm。为了揭示细胞内分子尺度的动态和结构特征,提高光学显微镜分辨率成为生命科学发展的迫切要求,在远场荧光显微镜的基础上,科学家们已经发展出许多实用的提高分辨率甚至超越分辨率极限的成像技术。例如,采用横向结构光照明提高横向分辨率到约100 nm,利用纵向驻波干涉效应将纵向分辨率提高5~10倍。然而,直到在光学荧光显微镜中引入非线性效应后,衍射极限才被真正突破,如受激荧光损耗显微镜利用非线性效应实现了30~50 nm的三维分辨率。另外应用荧光分子之间能量转移共振原理以及单荧光分子定位技术也可以突破衍射极限,甚至可以将分子定位精度提高到几个纳米的量级。

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We describe a method to generate an ultra-slow atomic beam by velocity selective resonance (VSR). A VSR experiment on a metastable helium beam in a magnetic field is presented and the results show that the transverse velocity of the defected beam can be cooled and precisely controlled to less than the recoil velocity, depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. We extend this idea to a cold atomic cloud to produce an ultra-slow Rb-87 beam that can be used as a source of an atomic fountain clock or a space clock.

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A novel Vb(3+)-Er-(3+) codoped phosphate glass for high power flashlamp pumping and high repetition rate laser at 1.54 mu m, designated EAT5-2, is developed. The weight-loss rate of is 1.3 x 10(-5) gcm(-2) h(-1) in boiling water, which is comparable to Kigre's QX-Er glass. Some spectroscopic parameters are analysed by Judd-Ofelt theory and McCumber theory The emission cross section is calculated to be 0.73 x 10(-20) cm(2). The thermo-mechanical properties of EAT5-2 are modified after an ion-exchange chemical strengthening process in a KNO3/NaNO3 molten salt bath. The thresholds for optical damage from the flashlamp pumping are tested on glass rods. A repetition rate of 15 Hz is achieved for chemically strengthened glass. The laser experimental results at. 1.54 mu m from flashlamp pumping are also reported.

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摘要 神农架有着丰富的生物多样性和相对完整的森林生态系统,锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata)是该地区落叶阔叶林重要的建群种之一,是其山地植被垂直带上的一个重要类型,对维持生态系统的稳定和水土保持具有重要意义。本论文主要研究了影响锐齿槲栎种群更新的一些重要因素以及探讨了神农架地区生物多样性的保护对策。 锐齿槲栎种子雨时空分布格局的研究结果表明:不同样地间种子雨的密度差别很大。树木的不同空间方位及种子的不同性状(被昆虫侵害、未发育成熟和有活力)在种子雨密度上的差异都极其显著。但在所研究的距离范围内(2-6m),与母株的距离对种子雨的密度影响不明显。相关性分析显示,样地中的种子雨空间分布与幼苗分布没有直接关系。实验中还发现,被昆虫侵害的种子较早下落,种子雨与落叶时间的不同步性有利于锐齿槲栎幼苗的建成。锐齿槲栎种群的结实存在明显的大小年现象,其结实周期约为2年。 动物对种子的散布与传播是影响锐齿槲栎种群更新的重要因素。在研究小型啮齿目动物对锐齿槲栎种子传播影响的实验中,用样方内布置铁夹的方法共捕获8种小型啮齿目动物,隶属3科、4属。实验结果还证明,不同林型和不同时间段(种子下落高峰期和种子基本落完时期)内小型啮齿目动物的捕食活动规律不同,林下灌木层类型对动物取食橡子和搬运距离也有一定的影响。 光对锐齿槲栎幼苗更新影响的研究结果表明,锐齿槲栎在林窗及林下都有大量的幼苗,而其幼树却很少。坡向对锐齿槲栎种群的更新有重要影响,光照好的东南坡上的更新情况明显比光照较少的西北坡好。光照梯度处理实验证明,光照强度影响锐齿槲栎幼苗的资源分配方式和比例,一定的遮荫环境更有利于锐齿槲栎幼苗的生长。 米心水青冈林(Fagus engleriana)和锐齿槲栎林在神农架地区广泛分布,两者分布的海拔范围比较相近,并形成一定面积的混交林。通过典型样地调查以及对苗木光合作用与资源分配的研究,结果表明:这两个树种具有不同的光利用策略,米心水青冈比较耐荫,林下更新较好,而锐齿槲栎林下更新不良,在光照较好的林窗下及次生裸地上更易更新。 神农架保护区是我国建立较早的以保护森林生态系统为主的自然保护区,是是联合国人与生物圈的保护地区之一,具有重要的生态价值和科研价值。保护区的建立对该地区的生物多样性保护发挥了重要的作用,但仍然面临着种种威胁。通过对神农架自然保护区当地社区的基本情况进行实地调查,分析结果表明,当地社区经济发展与生物多样性保护的矛盾比较突出,人类活动的干扰使景观破碎化呈增加趋势,整个生态系统比较脆弱。针对以上种种问题,建议加快制定有关保护区管理的法律;建立国家生态效益的补偿机制;推动实施社区共管;加强科研与区域生物多样性保护网络的协作;发展特色经济;加强能力建设,促进当地社区社会经济的全面发展。

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介绍了黄连山自然保护区非人灵长类的现状。利用现有统计资料中隐含的生态信息 对自然保护区中的非人灵长类的生存威胁因素作了分析。农村人口与农民收入、粮食面积、粮 食产量、茶叶产量、水果产量和紫胶产量呈正相关;农民收入与粮食产量、茶叶产量、水果产量、 紫胶产量和橡胶面积呈正相关。农村人口、农业发展和偷猎行为是保护区非人灵长类的威胁 因素;提高农业生产效率和加强保护区管理是改善非人灵长类现状的关键。

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将染色体骨架制备方法与非树脂包埋去包埋剂超薄切片电子显微镜方法结合 起来, 首次直观地显示在寇氏隐甲藻的原始染色体中存在精细发达的水不溶性 纤维蛋白骨架, 分离的染色体骨架保持了与正常染色体对应的形状与大小,染色 体骨架纤维直径约10nm,编织成网, 蛋白骨架纤维的分布贯穿于整个染色体中,双 向电泳显示染色体骨架的主要成分是酸性蛋白。提示 在真核生物进化过程中, 染色体骨架的出现可能先于典型染色质的出现。图1参20

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An oligonucleotide ligation assay-based DNA chip has been developed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism. Synthesized nonamers, complementary to the flanking sequences of the mutation sites in target DNA, were immobilized onto glass slides through disulfide bonds on their 5' terminus. Allele-specific pentamers annealed adjacent to the nonamers on the complementary target DNA, containing 5'-phosphate groups and biotin labeled 3'-ends, were mixed with the target DNA in tube. Ligation reactions between nonamers and pentamers were carried out on chips in the presence of T4 DNA ligase. Ligation products were directly visualized on chips through enzyme-linked assay. The effect of G:T mismatch at different positions of pentamers on the ligation were evaluated. The results showed that any mismatch between pentamer and the target DNA could lead to the decrease of ligation, which can be detected easily. The established approach was further used for multiplex detection of mutations in rpoB gene of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 60536010, Grant 60606019, Grant 60777029, and Grant 60820106004, and in part by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant 2006CB604902, Grant 2006CB302806, and Grant 2006dfa11880.

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Room-temperature operation of cw GaN based multi-quantum-well laser diodes (LDs) is demonstrated. The LD structure is grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. A 2.5 mu m x 800 mu m ridge waveguide structure is fabricated. The electrical and optical characteristics of the laser diode under direct current injection at room temperature are investigated. The threshold current and voltage of the LD under cw operation are 110mA and 10.5V, respectively. Thermal induced series resistance decrease and emission wavelength red-shift are observed as the injection current is increased. The full width at half maximum for the parallel and perpendicular far field pattern (FFP) are 12 degrees and 32 degrees, respectively.