48 resultados para 1135

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The Boltzmann equation of the sand particle velocity distribution function in wind-blown sand two-phase flow is established based on the motion equation of single particle in air. And then, the generalized balance law of particle property in single phase granular flow is extended to gas-particle two-phase flow. The velocity distribution function of particle phase is expanded into an infinite series by means of Grad's method and the Gauss distribution is used to replace Maxwell distribution. In the case of truncation at the third-order terms, a closed third-order moment dynamical equation system is constructed. The theory is further simplified according to the measurement results obtained by stroboscopic photography in wind tunnel tests.

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A void growth relations for ductile porous materials under intense dynamic general loading condition is presented. The mathematical model includes the influence of inertial effects, material rate sensitivity, as well as the contribution of void surface energy and material work-hardening. Numerical analysis shows that inertia appears to resist the growth of voids. The inertial effects increase quickly with the loading rates. The theoretical analysis suggests that the inertial effects cannot be neglected at high loading rates. Plate-impact tests of aluminum alloy are performed with light gas gun. The processes of dynamic damage in aluminum alloy are successfully simulated with a finite-difference dynamic code in which the theoretical model presented in this paper is incorporated.

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采用大涡模拟方法,模拟槽道湍流,获得了不同雷诺数情形下的槽道流大涡模拟数据库.在此基础上,获得了流向和垂向脉动速度的概率分布函数,并运用假设检验,分析了其与正态分布的定量差别.进一步计算了流向和垂向脉动速度的偏斜度、平坦度,讨论了二者在粘性子层、过渡区和对数律区的变化.同时,讨论了粘性子层、过渡区和对数律区流向和垂向脉动速度概率分布函数的特点及其与湍流猝发的高速流下扫和低速流喷发事件的关系.最后,分析了雷诺数对流向、垂向脉动速度分布的影响。

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应用半权函数法求解双材料界面裂纹的平面问题.由平衡方程、应力应变关系、界面的连续条件以及裂纹面零应力条件推导出裂尖的位移和应力场,其特征值为lambda及其共轭.设置特征值为lambda的虚拟位移和应力场,即界面裂纹的半权函数.由功的互等定理得到应力强度因子KⅠ和KⅡ以半权函数与绕裂尖围道上参考位移和应力积分关系的表达式.数值算例体现了半权函数法精度可靠、计算简便的特点.

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A compact multiterawatt laser system based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification is demonstrated. Chirped pulses are amplified from 20 pJ to 900 mJ by two lithium triborate optical parametric preamplifiers and a final KDP optical parametric power amplifier with a pump energy of 5 J at 532 nm from Nd:YAG-Nd: glass hybrid amplifiers, After compression, we obtained a final output of 570-mJ-155-fs pulses with a peak power of 3.67 TW, which is the highest output power from an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification laser, to the best of our knowledge. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.

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介绍了中子相衬和中子层析的工作原理,提出了中子相衬层析成像方法.这种方法兼备了相衬和层析的各自优点,不采用干涉术,能高分辨率地重构待测样品的三维空间位相分布,能测试和分辨吸收系数非常相近样品的空间结构.

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提出一种精确检测光刻机激光干涉仪测量系统非正交性的新方法。将对准标记曝光到硅片表面并进行显影;利用光学对准系统测量曝光到硅片上的对准标记理论曝光位置与实际读取位置的偏差;由推导的位置偏差与非正交因子、坐标轴尺度比例、过程引入误差的线性模型,根据最小二乘原理计算出干涉仪测量系统的非正交性。实验结果表明,利用该方法使用同一硅片在不同旋转角下进行测量,干涉仪测量系统非正交因子的测量重复精度优于0.01 μrad,坐标轴尺度比例的测量重复精度优于0.7×10-6。使用不同的硅片进行测量,非正交因子的测量再现性优于

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鄂尔多斯是我国北方半干旱区一个相对独立的自然单元和典型而十分敏感的生态过渡带.其植被随水分梯度的东西向变化明显.特殊的自然生态背景造就了灌木是该地区优势生活型植物的地位.从高原东部的典型草原到西部的草原化荒漠,灌丛群系的生态替代尤为明显,如从典型草原的小叶锦鸡儿、百里香群系,到荒漠化草原与草原化荒漠过渡带的狭叶锦鸡儿、藏锦鸡儿等群系,一直到草原化荒漠的红砂、四合木、沙冬青等灌丛群系,这种明显的生态替代反映了鄂尔多斯高原生态梯度变化的特点. 1.文根据野外调查和前人研究的资料,分析研究了该地区灌木资源的特点,区系的种类组成,生活生态习性和区系的地理成分,指出:鄂尔多斯高原灌木资源丰富多样,其中饲用灌木的价值尤为突出.本地区是我国半干旱地区及全球温带草原灌木多样性分布和起源的中心.是多样性丰富,种类集中分布的“灌木王国”,也是许多珍稀古老残遗种的“避难所”。 2.研究了灌木多样性的特点及其环境梯度变化对多样性的影响,研究表明:水分梯度变化是诸生态因子(海拔。地理坐标、年均温.最热月均温,最冷月均温.日照百分率、沙暴日数。风速等)中对生物多样性影响最大的因子,但其显著性偏低,这主要是群落草本层植物对群落多样性指数的影响较大,而人类过度放牧和破坏给灌丛群落的烙印远远超过了水分梯度变化的影响. 3.对高原荒漠化草原与草原化荒漠过渡带主要灌丛植被进行了DCA捧序和TWINSPAN分类,并作了环境解释,鄂尔多斯高原灌丛群落的分布格局主要受制于水分因子,此外土壤基质对一些群落的分布格局也起了支配作用,温度及其它因子对其影响不明显, 4.本文从水分生理生态和生态解剖两个方面论述了灌木长期适应严酷干旱胁迫的生态适应对策. 5.本文探讨了珍稀,濒危灌木种的保育策略,生物多样性的保育包括就地保护,迁地保护和持续利用三个方面的内容.人工植被的建立和经营管理有益于生物多样性的恢复和本地区灌木生物多样性的持续利用;由于鄂尔多斯地区灌木种类丰富、分布不均以及本地大规模的能源开发、人口压力和社会经济发展水平等褚因素的影响,不可能对灌木种类做到逐一的保育,建立灌木园是鄂尔多斯地区灌木生物多样性保育的最有效.最经济的手段和策略。

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本发明涉及日化领域及医药行业,具体讲是一种N-(乙基氨基)菊糖及其制备和应用。所述N-(乙基氨基)菊糖为式(1)所示,其中n的平均取值范围是10-35。制备方法将菊糖经卤代或磺酰氯酯化后与无水乙二胺在40-90℃条件下反应8-24 h,经纯化,即得到N-(乙基氨基)菊糖,所述无水乙二胺的摩尔量是菊糖的30至40倍。所得化合物可作为抗氧化剂本发明合成步骤简单,易于推广,所需设备及原料易得。本发明所得产品可广泛用于生物、医药、食品、化工等领域。

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A new sulfur-containing guanidino derivative, halichondria sulfonic acid (1) showing anti-HIV-1 activity, and halistanol trisulfate (2) with anti-tumor activity have been isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria rugosa Ridley & Dendy collected in the

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 观察猪到猕猴异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应时的免疫学及病理学变化。方法  采用猪到猕猴腹腔内异位心脏移植模型,检测发生超急性排斥反应者的血液中补体、天然抗体及T 淋巴细胞亚群的变化,并对移植心脏进行免疫组化(测定C3 、C4 、C5b29 、IgG及IgM 的沉积) 及病理学 分析。结果 发生超急性排斥反应时,血清补体C3 、C4 的含量、总补体活性及抗猪内皮细胞天然抗 体均有一定程度的下降;CD4 + / CD8 + T 淋巴细胞的比率也有所下降;移植心脏中均有补体C3 、C4 、 C5b29 的沉积, IgG及IgM 也均有沉积,但IgG和IgM 沉积强度的差异无统计学意义;病理学改变主 要为心肌间质弥漫性出血、水肿,毛细血管内普遍淤血。结论 补体通过经典途径激活参与猪到猕猴 异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应;超急性排斥反应时受者血中天然抗体水平明显下降;CD4 + T 淋巴细 胞可能参与异种移植超急性排斥反应过程并有所消耗;发生超急性排斥反应的移植物突出病理表现 为间质出血。