Number of phase levels of a Talbot array illuminator

The number of phase levels of a Talbot array illuminator is an important factor in the estimation of practical fabrication complexity and cost. We show that the number it) of phase levels of a Talbot array illuminator has a simple relationship to the prime number. When there is an alternative pi -phase modulation in the output array, the relations are similar. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 070.6760, 050.1950, 050.1980.

Prescription for optimizing holograms in LiNbO3 : Fe : Mn

The photorefractive holographic dynamics of grating formation in photochromic doubly doped LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystal is studied numerically and analytically in terms of the two-center model of Kukhtarev Et al. [Ferroelectrics 22, 949 (1979)]. The relations among the recorded and fixed space-charge fields and the doping densities, the oxidation-reduction states of the fields, and the intensities of UV-sensitizing and red recording beams are studied. Important conditions and effects are feued, and an optimal prescription for material doping and oxidation-reduction processing is suggested in which the crystal can be strongly oxidized and the Mn-doping density is smaller than the Fe-doping density. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 050.7330, 190.5330, 090.2900.

Nonvolatile photorefractive holograms in LiNbO3 : Cu : Ce crystals

We report experimental and theoretical studies of nonvolatile photorefractive holographic recording in LiNbO3:Cu:Ce crystals with two illumination schemes: (1) UV light for sensitization and a red interfering pattern for recording and (2) blue light for sensitization and a red pattern for recording. The results show that the oxidized LiNbO3:Cu:Ce crystals can provide high, persistent refractive-index modulation with weak lightinduced scattering. The optimal working conditions and the prescription for doping and oxidation-reduction processing that yields the maximum refractive-index modulation are discussed. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 050.7330, 190.5330, 090.2900.

Encoded cell grating array in anti-counterfeit technology

The dot matrix hologram (DMH) has been widely used in anti-counterfeiting label. With the same technology and cell array configuration, we can encode to the incidence beam. These codes can be some image matrix grating with different grating gap and different grating orientation. When the multi-level phase diffractive grating is etched, the incidence beam on the cell appears as an encoding image. When the encoded grating and DMH are used in the same label synchronously, the technology of multi-encoded grating array enhances the anti-counterfeit ability.

Simulation of an apodizer's effect for high-density optical storage

The effect of an apodizer with two parallel taper refractive surfaces is theoretically investigated for high-density optical storage. The apodizer may modulate an incident Gaussian beam into an annular beam. Simulation shows that with the increasing inner radius of the modulated beam, the focal spot shrinks obviously. The depolarization effect gets strong simultaneously, which induces the circular symmetry loss of the focal spot. In this process, pattern density of the orthogonal and longitudinal diffractive fields increases remarkably.

Antireflective characteristics of triangular shaped gratings

The antireflection properties of triangular shaped gratings are studied by a combination of the effective medium theory and the anisotropic thin-film theory. The triangular shaped structures are analyzed as a function of grating period, filling factor, and groove depth, and the antireflective characteristics are also studied when visible-infrared light is incident upon them. Numerical examples are given for gratings on glass substrate with refractive index of 1.5. The results show that this kind of grating is capable of reducing reflections, and could achieve very low reflectivity over a wide field of view and a wide waveband by choosing appropriate parameters.

NMDA受体NR1亚单位基因与精神分裂症的连锁分析

目的 了解N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体NR1亚单位基因与精神分裂症的连锁关系.方法 选取NR1亚单位基因所在区域的2个微卫星标记D9s1838和D9s1826,对94个符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版精神分裂症诊断标准(DSM-Ⅳ)的中国汉族精神分裂症受累同胞对及家系成员共376个个体作基因分型,其中男性194名,女性182名.采用美国国立精神卫生研究所(NIMH)制订的《遗传研究诊断问卷》(DIGS),对家系成员躯体和精神状况进行评定;采用NIMH制订的《遗传研究家族问卷》(FIGS)了解家系结构.选用GENEHUNTER 2.1软件对分型资料进行非参数连锁分析.结果 两点、多点非参数分析最大LOD值均位于D9s1826,分别为1.70(P=0.050),2.08(P=0.015),两者均大于验证性连锁阈值1.2.结论 NR1基因区域微卫星标记与精神分裂症存在验证性连锁关系,提示NR1基因可能为精神分裂症的易感基因之一.

猪STCH 基因的Bi2PASA 遗传标记及多态性研究

微粒体应激70 蛋白三磷酸腺苷酶( S TCH) 基因属于应激70 蛋白基因伴侣家族, 在机体免疫反应 和疾病抵抗力等方面起重要作用。根据人和小鼠S TCH 基因的保守序列设计引物, PCR 扩增到猪S TCH 基因第 5 外显子445 bp 片段。序列测定显示, 猪S TCH 基因与人和小鼠S TCH 基因分别具有87113 %和80145 %的同源 性。通过测定和比较中国梅山猪、欧洲约克夏猪及PIC 商品猪的S TCH 基因序列, 发现在猪S TCH 基因编码区 第5 外显子1 050 位点上存在一个单碱基突变位点。利用双向特定等位基因PCR 扩增法(Bi2PASA) 建立了检测 猪S TCH 基因变异的遗传标记, 并用该标记分析了S TCH 基因在中国家猪(梅山猪、荣昌猪和金华猪) 、欧洲家 猪(约克夏猪、大白猪) 、商品猪(PIC 合成系) 以及欧洲野猪的基因频率和多态性。本研究建立的Bi2PASA 遗 传标记和基因变异信息, 将为进一步分析猪S TCH 基因变异与经济性状的相关分析提供基础资料。

氨对草鱼的急性和亚急性毒性

试验测定了氯化铵对草鱼的急性和亚急性毒性。急性试验采用26,47,60和125日龄的草鱼,亚急性试验用60日龄草鱼种,经0.970,0.455,0.099,0.054和0.012(对照)毫克NH_3/升(未离解氨,un-ionized ammonia)暴露45天。26,47,125日龄草鱼的96小时LC_(50)(半数致死浓度)分别是0.570,1.609和1.683毫克NH_3/升,而47,60,125日龄的48小时LC_(50)则分别为1.727,2.050和2.141毫克NH_3/升。急性毒性试验结

苄基环戊二烯基和茚基稀土二氯化物的合成与结构

本文通过元素分析，红外光谱、水解产物质谱、核磁共振、热失重分析及x-光单晶衍射分析，确认合成了下述两种新型稀土金属有机配合物。并对它们结构特点进行了研究和讨论。(1) ErCl_3 + C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4Na → (THF) C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4ErCl_2·3THF + NaCl; (2)GuCl_3·nTHF + C_9H_7K → (THF) C_9H_7GuCl_2·3THF + Kcl; 在第一种配合物的合成中，讨论了苄基环戊二烯与无水氯化稀土反应的条件。并首次成功的合成了苄基环戊二烯基稀土配合物。对于第二种化合物的合成，采取了与文献不同的反应条件及合成方式。提高了产物收率并第一次得到了茚基稀土二氯化物的单晶结构表征。上述两类配合物均对空气、水汽敏感，均可溶于四氢呋喃溶剂中，难以溶解在汽油等烷烃溶剂中。其中C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4ErCl_2·3THF在DME·Et_2O甲苯等溶剂中也有较为良好的溶解性。在C_6H_5CH_2C_5H_4ErCl_2·3THF的红外光谱中，1600cm~(-1)、1490cm~(-1)和1450cm~(-1)为苯环骨架振动吸收峰，700cm~(-1)为取代苯环的面外弯曲振动吸收峰，2980cm~(-1)，2880cm~(-1)为CH_2的振动吸收峰，1600cm~(-1)、1040cm~(-1)和860cm~(-1)为环戊二烯基的特征吸收峰，1060cm~(-1)、910cm~(-1)为四氢呋喃分子的特征吸收峰，460cm~(-1)为Ln-Cl键的特征吸收峰。其分子结构见图I，晶体为单斜晶系，空间群为P21/n、晶胞参数a = 11.622A. b = 10.281A, c = 26.040A. β = 86.65°、V = 3106.09A、E = 4L。最终端离因子R = 0.050。中心离子Er~(3+)处于八面体中心，配位数为8。化合物C_9H_(17)GdCl_2·3THF的红外光谱中，出现的四氢呋喃分子特征峰为1050cm~(-1), 900cm~(-1)。茚基特征峰为845cm~(-1)和1020cm~(-1)；GuCl键吸收峰为460cm~(-1)，热失重分析表明，配合物分子中含有三个四氢呋喃分子。单晶结构见图II，单晶属单斜晶系，P21空间群，晶胞参数a = 10.468A, b = 11.888A, c = 11.854A, β = 108.46°, D = 1399.3A~3。最后一改性因子R = 0.042。平均键长Gd-C（环）为2.739，Gd-O为2.444A，两个Gd-Cl键长分别为2.583A和2.721A，夹角Cl(1)-Gd-Cl(2)为158.0°。比较所得两个配合物，它们具有相同的化学组成形式，单晶结构也非常相似。在苄基环戊二烯基化合物结构中Cl(1)-Er-Cl(2)夹角为156.3°，而C_9H_7GdCl_2·3THF中相应角度为158.0°，前者较后者小的不到两度，这可能与取代环戊二烯基的空间位阻小大有关。

Concentrations of alkyphenol polyethoxylates entering UK estuaries

Concentrations of the weakly oestrogenic degradation products of alkylphenol polyethoxylate (APE) surfactants (nonylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate and nonylphenol diethoxylate) were measured in water and sediments from British rivers and estuaries collected during 1994 and 1995. In addition, a series of samples of tissues of wild fish from the River Aire, and from a laboratory dosing experiment were analysed for alkylphenols, to assess the degree of bioaccumulation of these compounds. Measurable concentrations of APE residues were recorded in the River Aire (15–76 μg/l total extractable alkylphenols), the River Mersey (6–11 μg/l) and the Tees estuary (up to 76 μg/l). These levels exceed, or are close to, the no observed effect concentration for the induction of vitellogenesis in caged trout (5–20 μg/l total extractable alkylphenols), and may be sufficient to exert an oestrogenic effect on fish populations in these areas. A sediment sample from Bingley on the River Aire contained 15 μg/g (dry weight) nonylphenol, and concentrations in sediments from the Tees and Mersey estuaries exceeded 1 μg/g. These rivers receive a variety of trade waters via sewage treatment works (STW) effluents containing significant concentrations of APE. Elsewhere, concentrations in water and sediments were near or below limits of detection and biological effects are unlikely, suggesting that any oestrogenic effects observed in sewage outfalls and rivers not directly impacted by APE-containing trade-waters may be caused by other chemicals. Analysis of samples of trout muscle taken from a tank dosed at 65 μg/l nonylphenol indicated a bioaccumulation factor of between 90 and 125 after 3 weeks exposure. Samples of wild fish from the River Aire contained up to 0.8 μg/g nonylphenol in the muscle, a tissue bioaccumulation factor of approximately 50 relative to measured concentrations in water samples. A series of fish samples taken from offshore for food quality assurance purposes contained no detectable levels of APE residues (0.05–0.1 μg/g nonylphenol).