Heating characteristics of blunt swept fin-induced shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction

An experimental study was conducted on shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions caused by a blunt swept fin-plate configuration at Mach numbers of 5.0, 7.8, 9.9 for a Reynolds number range of (1.0.similar to 4.7) x 10(7)/m. Detailed heat transfer and pressure distributions were measured at fin deflection angles of up to 30 degrees for a sweepback angle of 67.6 degrees. Surface oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms as well as schlieren pictures of fin shock shape were taken. The study shows that the flow was separated at deflection of 10 degrees and secondary separation were detected at deflection of theta greater than or equal to 20 degrees. The heat transfer and pressure distributions on flat plate showed an extensive plateau region followed by a distinct dip and local peak close to the fin foot. Measurements of the plateau pressure and heat transfer were in good agreement with existing prediction methods, but pressure and heating peak measurements at M greater than or equal to 6 were significantly lower than predicted by the simple prediction techniques at lower Mach numbers.

Effects of Mach number on turbulent separation behaviours induced by blunt fin

An experimental study of the interaction between shock wave and turbulent boundary layer induced by blunt fin has been carried out at M-infinity = 7.8 using oil flow visualization and simultaneous measurements of fluctuating wall pressure and heat transfer. This paper presents the effects of Mach number on turbulent separation behaviours induced by blunt fin.

A morphologically variant natural population of cyprinids without dorsal fin possibly derived from Mystacoleucus marginatus (Osteichthyes: Teleostes) from the Lancang Jiang River, Yunnan, China

In July 2001, 15 grotesque cyprinid specimens were collected in the Lancangjiang River (of the upper reaches of the Mekong River) in Menglun Town, Xishuanbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, PR China. These specimens are characterized by surprising characte

Establishment of a Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis tail-fin cell line and its susceptibility to frog iridovirus

Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis, a cartilaginous ganoid, is a 'living fossil' on a deeply isolated evolutionary branch. A cell line was established from Chinese sturgeon tail-fin tissue (CSTF) . These epithelial CSTF cells grew well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium at 25 degrees C. Karyotypic analysis revealed a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 264 and large numbers of punctate chromosomes. A strain of frog iridoviruses [Rana grylio virus (RGV)] was used to test the susceptibility of this cell line to infection. Infection was confirmed by cytopathic effect, immunofluorescence and electron-microscope observations, which detected the viral antigens or particles in the cytoplasm of RGV-infected cells. Molecular analysis further suggested that c. 550 bp DNA fragment could be cloned from the RGV-infected CSTF cells' DNA with major capsid protein gene polymerase chain reaction primers. Furthermore, after transfection with pEGFP vector DNA, the CSTF cell line produced significant fluorescent signals indicating its utility in exogenous studies.

Modeling of a compact plate-fin reformer for methanol steam reforming in fuel cell systems

The characteristics of a compact plate-fin reformer (PFR) which integrates endothermic and exothermic reactions into one unit have been investigated by experiment as well as by numerical simulation. One reforming chamber was integrated with two vaporization chambers and two combustion chambers to constitute a single unit of PFR. In the PFR, which is based on a plate-fin beat exchanger, catalytic combustion of the reforming gas is used to simulate the fuel cell anode off gas (AOG) which supplies the necessary heat for the methanol steam reforming. Temperature distributions in all chambers and composition distribution in reforming chamber have been studied, and the effect of the ratio of H2O/CH3OH on the performance of the PFR has also been investigated. A model of the PFR was derived using a three-dimensional numerical model for a cross-current flow arrangement. Theoretical predictions of the temperature distributions in the PFR were in good agreement with experimental values. In addition, the numerical model was able to accurately predict the methanol conversion and the reformate composition in reforming chamber. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Methanol steam reforming in a compact plate-fin reformer for fuel-cell systems

A compact plate-fin reformer (PFR) consisting of closely spaced plate-fins, in which endothermic and exothermic reactions take place in alternate chambers, has been studied. In the PFR, which was based on a plate-fin heat exchanger, catalytic combustion of the reforming gas, as a simulation of the fuel cell anode off gas (AOG), supplied the necessary heat for the reforming reaction. One reforming chamber, which was for hydrogen production, was integrated with two vaporization chambers and two combustion chambers to constitute a single unit of PFR. The PFR is very compact, easy to be placed and scaled up. The effect of the ratio of H2O/CH3OH on the performance of the PFR has been investigated, and temperature distributions in different chambers were studied. Besides, the stationary behavior of the PFR was also investigated. Heat transfer of the reformer was enhanced by internal plate-fins as well as by external catalytic combustion, which offer both high methanol conversion ratio and low CO concentration. In addition, the fully integrated reformer exhibited good test stability. Based on the PFR, a scale-up reformer was designed and operated continuously for 1000 h, with high methanol conversion ratio and low CO concentration. (c) 2004 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.