一维位置灵敏法拉第筒的数据获取系统

简要介绍兰州重离子加速器国家实验室320 kV高压ECR实验平台原子分子物理终端上使用的一维位置灵敏法拉第筒的数据获取系统。该系统硬件由64通道电流/电压转换放大器和PCI-6224数据采集卡构成,并通过编写LabVIEW程序,实现数据的准确、同步、实时与高速采集。经验证,该获取系统简单易用,可靠性高,完全符合设计要求。

Biosorption of uranium by chemically modified Rhodotorula glutinis

The present paper reports the biosorption of uranium onto chemically modified yeast cells, Rhodotorula glutinis, in order to study the role played by various functional groups in the cell wall. Esterification of the carboxyl groups and methylation of the amino groups present in the cells were carried out by methanol and formaldehyde treatment, respectively. The uranium sorption capacity increased 31% for the methanol-treated biomass and 11% for the formaldehyde-treated biomass at an initial uranium concentration of 140 mg/L The enhancement of uranium sorption capacity was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, with amino and carboxyl groups were determined to be the important functional groups involved in uranium binding. The biosorption isotherms of uranium onto the raw and chemically modified biomass were also investigated with varying uranium concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich models were well able to explain the sorption equilibrium data with satisfactory correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gas-phase isothermal chromatography with short-lived technetium isotopes

In order to study the gas-phase chemical behavior of transactinides, an on-line isothermal chromatography apparatus has been developed and applied to separate short-lived technetium isotopes in the form of TcO3 from fission products. The fission products from a Cf-252 source were continuously and rapidly transported through the capillary to the isothermal chromatography apparatus using the N-2/KBr gas-jet techniques. Volatile oxide molecules were formed at the reaction zone kept at 900 degrees C since a trace amount of oxygen existed in the N-2 carrier gas. With the new developed isothermal chromatography apparatus, a selective separation of Tc from fission products was achieved. After isothermal chromatographic separation, Tc-101,Tc-103,Tc-104,Tc-105,Tc-106,Tc-107,Tc-108 were dominantly observed together with their Ru daughters in the gamma-spectrum, The chemical yields of Tc-101, and Tc-104 and Tc-105 isotopes with longer half-lives are about 55-57%, and those of Tc-103, Tc-106 and Tc-108 isotopes with shorter half-lives dropped down to 25-28%. The adsorption enthalpy of the investigated compounds on quartz surfaces was determined to be -150 +/- 5 kJ/mol by fitting the measured retention curves with a Monte Carlo model. The observed species of technetium oxide is attributed to TcO3, which is in good agreement with previous experimental results. That means our system worked properly and it can be used to investigate the gas-phase chemical behavior of transactinides.

HIRFL���束线真空系统的改造与HIRFL-800低温泵的设计及热负荷的计算

本论文首先介绍真空技术涉及的物理基础和真空获得的有关知识，然后讲述，了H_RFL���兰州重离子加速器研究装置）真空系统的基本概况，在此基础上阐述了本论文主要的两部分：H_RFL���束线真空系统的改造；新型H_RFL���800低温泵的设计一及热负荷的计算。其中H工RF［前束线真空系统的改造已经于2001年9月份完成并为兰州重离子加速器的正常运行提供了必要的真空条件。新型111佩又FL���800低温泵正在加工生产中，并将用于大型超高真空系统H工R凡厂SSC（兰州重离子加速器研究装置主加速器）的抽空。H工RFL���束线真空系统的改造介绍了兰州重离子加速器前束线真空系统的基本结构，详细说明了H工RFL���束线真空系统改造前的流导、气体负荷及压力分布情况。提出了具体的改造措施。真空系统达到了预计要求：泵口压强小于5只10-6Pa，两泵之间束运管道中心平面压强小于1x10-5Pa.结果表明H工RFL���束线真空系统的改造方案是有效的。新型HIRFL���800低温泵的设计及热负荷的计算介绍了近代物理研究所自行研制的新型H工RFL���800低温泵。对其抽速，低温冷凝板和屏蔽板的热负荷进行了具体的分析和计算。肯定了新型H工RFL���800低温泵的设计方案。

板栗心材褐腐病初报

为了确定华中地区板栗(Castaneamollisima)心材腐朽病的病原菌,根据野外调查结果和室内显微鉴定,确定该病原菌为硬拟层孔菌(Fomitopsisspraguei(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)Gilb.&Ryvarden)。该菌主要危害板栗活树,造成心材褐色腐朽,最终导致受害树木死亡或风折后死亡。同时根据采集的标本,对该病原菌进行了详细描述和显微绘图。

改性尿素对土壤N_2O排放的影响

通过室内培养试验,研究5种改性尿素对土壤N2O排放的效果,结果表明:当旱田土壤含水量较低(23%)时,NI(尿素+硝化抑制剂)处理的土壤NO排放效果最好,其次为FL(尿素+1.0%DCD+0.3%HQ)。当旱田土壤含水量较高(34%)时,FL���理的土壤N2O排放效果最好,其次为处理NI;当稻田土壤处于淹水状态时,Meister(包被尿素)处理的土壤N2O排放效果最好,其次为处理FL���该试验结果对于选取优良改性尿素进行田间试验、进一步探讨改良尿素对土壤N2O的排放效果具有指导意义。

Determination of peptides and amino acids from wool and beer with sensitive fluorescent reagent 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromotography and liquid chromotography mass spectrometry

A new method for the sensitive determination of amino acids and peptides using the tagging reagent 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) with fluorescence (FL) detection has been developed. Identification of derivatives was carried out by liquid chromotography mass spectrometry. The chromophore in the 2-(9-fluorenyl)-ethyl chloroformate (FMOC) reagent was replaced by carbazole, which resulted in a sensitive fluorescence lerivatizing agent CEOC. CEOC can easily and quickly label peptides and amino acids. Derivatives are stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Studies on derivatization demonstrate excellent derivative yields over the pH range 8.8-10.0. Maximal yields close to 100% are observed with three- to fourfold molar reagent excess. Derivatives exhibit strong fluorescence and allow direct injection of the reaction mixture with no significant disturbance from the major fluorescent reagent degradation by-products, such as 2(9-carbazole)-ethanol and bis-(2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl) carbonate. In addition, the detection responses for CEOC derivatives are compared to those obtained with FMOC. The ratios AC(CEOC)/AC(FMOC) = 1.00-1.82 for fluorescence (FL) response and AC'(CEOC)/AC'(FMOC) = 1.00-1.21 for ultraviolet (UV) response are observed (here, AC and AC' are, respectively, FL and UV F response). Separation of the derivatized peptides and amino acids has been optimized on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. Excellent linear responses are observed. This method was used successfully to analyze protein hydrolysates from wool and from direct-derivatized beer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Study of sintered stainless steel fiber felt as gas diffusion backing in air-breathing DMFC

Adoption of a sintered stainless steel fiber felt was evaluated as gas diffusion backing in air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). By using a sintered stainless steel fiber felt as an anodic gas diffusion backing, the peak power density of an air-breathing DMFC is 24 mW cm(-2), which is better than that of common carbon paper. A 30-h-life test indicates that the degraded performance of the air-breathing DMFC is primarily due to the water flooding of the cathode. Twelve unit cells with each has 6 cm(2) of active area are connected in series to supply the power to a mobile phone assisted by a constant voltage diode. The maximum power density of 26 mW cm(-2) was achieved in the stack, which is higher than that in single cell. The results show that the sintered stainless steel felt is a promising solution to gas diffusion backing in the air-breathing DMFC, especially in the anodic side because of its high electronical conductivity and hydrophilicity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

论转基因林木的潜在生态风险性

基因工程技术为加快林木遗传改良进程开辟了一条崭新的途径 .由于林木栽培环境复杂、生产周期长、经营管理粗放 ,且主要为风媒传粉植物等原因 ,与集约化程度较高的农作物相比 ,转基因林木环境释放及推广的潜在生态风险性更大 .如转基因林木大量种植可加速该树种遗传多样性水平降低 ,导致遗传脆弱性 ;转基因林木的长期持续强选择压力作用导致害虫、病菌协同进化 ;外源基因逃逸有可能使非转基因植物的生态适合度增强或降低 ,进而影响到自然界的物种多样性等 .

苗木质量的生理学检验方法

苗木质量的生理学检验方法王淼，陶大立，劳赞新（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所１１００１５）（内蒙古自治区图强林业局）苗木是造林的物质基础，苗木质量的优劣对造林成败影响较大。苗木质量通常因苗高、地径、苗木成熟度（顶芽饱满程度及枝条的木质化、木栓化程度）及...

黄土丘陵区柳枝稷光合生理生态特性的初步研究

研究了黄土丘陵区引种草种柳枝稷 ( Panicum virgatum)的光合生理生态特性 ,比较了不同叶位叶片光合速率 ( Pn)、蒸腾速率 ( Tr)、水分利用效率 ( WUE)的日变化以及环境因子的作用。结果表明 ,柳枝稷叶片 Pn日变化曲线为双峰型 ,中午“光合降低”主要是由于叶温过高导致呼吸高引起的净光合速率降低。叶龄增大 ,叶片 Pn日变化相对较平缓 ,其中壮龄叶Pn日变化最为平缓。幼龄叶 Tr的日变化为双峰型 ,随叶龄增大 (叶位下降 )而成为单峰型。WUE的日变化可划分为上午的降低和下午的波动 2个阶段 ,最上充分展开叶 (旗叶 )的WUE始终最高。

黄土旱塬长期轮作施肥土壤剖面硝态氮的分布与积累

报道了黄土旱区连续 13年长期不同轮作施肥对土壤剖面硝态氮分布与积累的影响。化学氮肥的施用可有效地提高土壤硝态氮的含量 ,并造成硝态氮的淋溶 ,单施氮肥硝态氮淋溶深度达 150 cm;氮肥、磷肥和有机肥的配合施用不同程度的减小了硝态氮的淋溶 ,提高了氮肥的利用率 ;在贫氮地区土壤上 ,尤以氮肥、磷肥配施效果最佳。在相同的施肥种类和施肥量下 ,连续种植小麦、玉米、苜蓿 ,以玉米连作施肥土壤中硝态氮的累积量最小 ,而小麦连作施肥累积量最大 ;而且 ,无论施肥与否 ,均对深层土壤硝态氮分布造成不同程度的亏缺。在不同轮作系统中 ,粮草 3年轮作土壤剖面硝态氮的累积最小 ,其余轮作系统均造成土壤硝态氮不同程度的下淋积存

温室蔬菜栽培对土壤DTPA浸提态铁锰铜锌含量的影响

对沈阳市大民屯镇蔬菜生产基地温室番茄栽培条件下0~30 cm土层土壤DTPA浸提态微量元素含量的调查表明,温室土壤DTPA浸提态Mn、Cu、Zn含量高于相邻的露地菜田,0~20 cm土层DTPA-Fe含量低于露地土壤。与露地菜田相比,高量施肥条件下温室土壤DTPA-Zn富集是微量元素变化的一个主要特征,11年和5年温室土壤0~20 cm土层DTPA-Zn平均含量分别是露地菜田的4.0和4.8倍。温室栽培条件下高量施用有机肥、土壤pH降低及土壤Eh变化是引起土壤DTPA浸提态微量元素变化的主要因素。