284 resultados para Aqueous DMSO Solvent
Resumo:
Aqueous conducting polyaniline dispersion was prepared employing acidic phosphate ester bearing hydrophilic ethylene glycol segment as dopant, and conducting film with electrical conductivity of 25 S/cm was obtained from the dispersion. Ordered self-assembly lamellar structure with interlamellar distance of 1.2 nm was observed in the film, which consisted of alternating layers of rigid polyaniline chain and flexible phosphate ester side chains, where the phosphate side chain layer was separated by two rigid polyaniline layers. The lamellar structure leading to high conducting film was formed due to the confinement of polyaniline chain by crystallizable phosphate side chain, since the electrical conductivity decreased by four orders of magnitude once the dopant side chain crystalline was destroyed. The crystallizable side chain forced lamellar structure is expected to be a new chance for highly conducting polyaniline.
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The unique strategy for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on the quantum dots (QDs) oxidation in aqueous solution to detect amines is proposed for the first time. Actually, there existed two QDs ECL peaks in anhydrous solution, one at high positive potential and another at high negative potential. However, here we introduced the QDs oxidation ECL in aqueous solution to fabricate a novel ECL sensor. Such sensor needed only lower positive potential to produce ECL, which could prevent the interferences resulted from high potential as that of QDs reduction ECL in aqueous solution. Therefore, the present work not only extended the QDs oxidation ECL application field from anhydrous to aqueous solution but also enriched the variety of ECL system in aqueous solution. Furthermore, we investigated the QDs oxidation ECL toward different kinds of amines, and found that both aliphatic alkyl and hydroxy groups could lead to the enhancement of ECL intensity. Among these amines, 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) is the most effective one, and accordingly, the first ECL sensing application of the QDs oxidation ECL toward DBAE is developed; the as-prepared ECL sensor shows wide linear range, high sensitivity, and good stability.
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A facile and convenient synthesis of dihydropyranones has been developed by a formal [4+2] annulation of readily available alpha-acetyl ketene S,S-acetals with various aldehydes, involving a tandem aldol reaction and conjugate addition-elimination reaction, in the presence of NaOH in water.
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Mesoporous YF3 nanoflowers were successfully prepared via solvent extraction route. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that these nanoflowers with uneven porous architectures had a spherical shape and were consisted of many YF3 nanosheets with a thickness of about 15 not. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was used to check the chemical composition and purity of the products. YF3 nanoflowers had bimodal mesoporous distribution and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 116 m(2)/g.
Resumo:
NdF3 and TbF3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a solvent extraction route using Cynex923 (R3P=O). X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that pure hexagonal phase NdF3 and pure orthorhombic phase TbF3 could be obtained under the current synthetic conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicated that as-obtained NdF3 nanoplates have a diameter of 50-80 nm and thickness of 10-20 nm and TbF3 products have sphere morphologies with diameter from 70 to 170 nm. The driving force for the growth of NdF3 nanoplates could be attributed to the hexagonal crystal structure. The luminescence properties of NdF3 and TbF3 nanoparticles were investigated, which indicated that NdF3 nanoparticles showed typical emission at 888,1064, and 1328 nm and TbF3 nanoparticles showed characteristic emission of Tb3+ (f-f).
Resumo:
The biochemical effects of gadolinium chloride were studied using high-resolution H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate the biochemical composition of tissue (liver and kidney) aqueous extracts obtained from control and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) (10 and 50 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection. i.p.) treated rats. Tissue samples were collected at 48, 96 and 168 h p.d. after exposure to GdCl3, and extracted using methanol/chloroform solvent system. H-1 NMR spectra of tissue extracts were analyzed by pattern recognition using principal components analysis. The liver damages caused by GdCl3 were characterized by increased succinate and decreased glycogen level and elevated lactate, alanine and betaine concentration in liver. Furthermore, the increase of creatine and lactate, and decrease of glutamate, alanine, phosphocholine, glycophosphocholine (GPC), betaine, myo-inositol and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in kidney illustrated kidney disturbance induced by GdCl3.
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Mercury ion (Hg2+) is able to specifically bind to the thymine-thymine (T-T) base pair in a DNA duplex, thus providing a rationale for DNA-based selective detection of Hg2+ with various means. In this work, we for the first time utilize the Hg2+-mediated T-T base pair to modulate the proper folding of G-quadruplex DNAs and inhibit the DNAzyme activity, thereby pioneering a facile approach to sense Hg2+ with colorimetry. Two bimolecular DNA G-quadruplexes containing many T residues are adopted here, which function well in low- and high-salt conditions, respectively. These G-quadruplex DNAs are able to bind hemin to form the peroxidase-like DNAzymes in the folded state. Upon addition of Hg2+, the proper folding of G-quadruplex DNAs is inhibited due to the formation of T-Hg2+-T complex. Ibis is reflected by the notable change of the Soret band of hemin when investigated by using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. As a result of Hg2+ inhibition, a sharp decrease in the catalytic activity toward the H2O2-mediated oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) is observed, accompanied by a change in solution color. Through this approach, aqueous Hg2+ can be detected at 50 nM (10 ppb) with colorimetry in a facile way, with high selectivity against other metal ions.
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A series of binary SB blend samples with various overall volume fraction of PS (Phi(PS)) and different discrete distribution of the block length (denoted as d(PS) or d(PB)) were prepared by mixing various asymmetric poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene) (SB) block copolymers with a symmetric SB block copolymer. The influences of the external solvent field, composition, and the block length distribution on the morphologies of the blends in the thin films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results revealed that after solvent annealing, the interface of the blend thin films depended mainly on the cooperative effects of the annealing solvent and the inherently interfacial curvature of the blends. Upon exposure to the saturated vapor of cyclohexane, which has preferential affinity for the PB block, a "threshold" of Phi(PS) (approximate 0.635-0.707) was found. Below such threshold, the influence of the annealing solvent played an important role on the interfacial curvature of the blend thin film.
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Needle-like single crystals of poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) have been prepared by tetrahydrofuran-vapor annealing. The morphology and structure of the crystals were characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. It is observed that the P3OT molecules are packed with the backbones parallel to the length axis of the crystal and the alkyl side chains perpendicular to the substrate. The field effect transistor based on the P3OT single crystal exhibited a charge carrier mobility of 1.54 x 10(-4) cm(2)/(Vs) and on/off current ratio of 37, and the molecular orientation of the crystal is ascribed to account for the device performance. The time-dependent morphological evolution demonstrated that the crystals underwent Ostwald ripening when annealed.
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Intramolecular amide hydrolysis of N-methylmaleamic acid is revisited at the B3LYP/6-311G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)+ZVPE level, including solvent effects at the CPCM-B3LYP/6-311G(2df,p)//Onsager-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)+ZPVE level. The concerted reaction mechanism is energetically favorable over stepwise reaction mechanisms in both the gas phase and solution. The calculated reaction barriers are significantly lower in solution than in the gas phase. In addition, it is concluded that the substituents of the four N-methylmaleamic acid derivatives considered herein have a significant effect on the gas-phase reaction barriers but a smaller, or little, effect on the barriers in solution.
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Monte Carlo simulation on the basis of the comblike coarse grained nonpolar/polar (NP) model has been carried out to study the polar group saturation effect on physical gelation of amphiphilic polymer solutions. The effects of polar group saturation due to hydrogen bonding or ion bridging on the sol-gel phase diagram, microstructure of aggregates, and chain conformation of amphiphilic polymer solutions under four different solvent conditions to either the nonpolar backbone or the polar side chain in amphiphilic polymer chains have been investigated. It is found that an increase of polar group saturation results in a monotonically decreased critical concentration of gelation point, which can be qualitatively supported by the dynamic theological measurements on pectin aqueous solutions. Furthermore, various solvent conditions to either the backbone or the side chain have significant impact on both chain conformation and microstructure of aggregates. When the solvent is repulsive to the nonpolar backbone but attractive to the polar side chain, the polymer chains are collapsed, and the gelation follows the mechanism of colloidal packing; at the other solvent conditions, the gelation follows the mechanism of random aggregation.
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We study the condition of the occurrence of the rim instability in the solvent-induced dewetting process. Our experimental results show that the film thickness not only greatly influences the occurrence of the rim instability, but also influences the wavelength lambda as characterized by the undulation of the deformed contact line. The molecular weight of polymer does not almost influence the occurrence of the rim instability and the wavelength lambda. The wavelength lambda is proportional to the width of the rim in the rim instability region. The receding contact angle theta of polymer solutions on substrates in the dewetting process is an important factor to influence the rim instability in the solvent-induced dewetting.
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High-solids, low-viscosity, stable poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) aqueous latex dispersions were prepared by the dispersion polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate (AS) medium using anionic polyelectrolytes as stabilizers. The anionic polyelectrolytes employed include poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium) (PAMPSNa) homopolymer and random copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium (AMPSNa) with methacrylic acid sodium (MAANa), acrylic acid sodium (AANa) or acrylamide (AM). The influences of stabilizer's structure, composition, molecular weight and concentration, AA/AM molar feed ratio, total monomer, initiator and aqueous solution of AS concentration, and stirring speed on the monomer conversion, the particle size and distribution, the bulk viscosity and stability of the dispersions, and the intrinsic viscosity of the resulting copolymer were systematically investigated. Polydisperse spherical as well as ellipsoidal particles were formed in the system. The broad particle size distributions indicated that coalescence of the particles takes place to a greater extent.