Catalytic performance of MCM-22 zeolite for alkylation of toluene with methanol

MCM-22 zeolite with mid-strong acidity and openings of 10-membered ring channels may obtain a high catalytic activity and selectivity for alkylation of toluene with methanol. The acidic sites, for catalyzing alkylation of toluene with methanol, are weaker than that for catalyzing toluene disproportionation. Compared with silicon as a modifier, modification of MCM-22 with La(NO3)(3) is a promising way to improve the catalytic selectivity of para-xylene. In addition, the experimental results also clearly indicate the characteristics of MCM-22 structure consisting of large intracrystalline cages, some of which may locate on surface of MCM-22. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermodynamic study of ibuprofen by adiabatic calorimetry and thermal analysis

Molar heat capacities of ibuprofen were precisely measured with a small sample precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 80 to 400 K. The polynomial functions of C-p,C-m (J K-1 mol(-1)) versus T were established on the heat capacity measurements by means of the least fitting square method. The functions are as follows: for solid ibuprofen, at the temperature range of 79.105 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 333.297 K, C-p,C-m = 144.27 + 77.046X + 3.5171X(2) + 10.925X(3) + 11.224X(4), where X = (T - 206.201)/127.096; for liquid ibuprofen, at the temperature range of 353.406 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 378.785 K, C-p,C-m = 325.79 + 8.9696X - 1.6073X(2) - 1.5145 X-3, where X = (T - 366.095)/12.690. A fusion transition at T = 348.02 K was found from the C-p-T curve. The molar enthalpy and entropy of the fusion transition were determined to be 26.65 kJ mol(-1) and 76.58 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. The thermodynamic functions on the base of the reference temperature of 298.15 K, (H-T - H-298.15) and (S-T - S-298.15), were derived. Thermal characteristic of ibuprofen was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The temperature of fusion, the molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion obtained by DSC were well consistent with those obtained by adiabatic calorimeter. The evaporation process of ibuprofen was investigated further by TG and DTG, and the activation energy of the evaporation process was determined to be 80.3 +/- 1.4 kJ mol(-1). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

大兴安岭森林景观在不同火干扰及人工更新下的演替动态

该文应用LANDIS模拟大兴安岭图强林业局森林景观1987年特大火灾后,在不同的火干扰条件(不模拟火、火烧轮回期为150年和325年)和不同人工更新方式(完全自然更新、种植落叶松和种植樟子松),3×3种(共9种)模拟方案下300年的动态变化.研究结果表明:火烧轮回期为150年条件下的火烧明显比火烧轮回期为325年方案下的火烧频繁,总的过火面积也多,但前者以轻度火为主,后者以重度火为主.而人工更新下(无论是种植落叶松还是种植樟子松)过火面积要高于自然更新下的过火面积.造林树种的不同对火也有较大的影响,种植樟子松方案下的过火面积相对较大.不同火干扰条件不仅会影响森林主要物种组成面积,而且还会造成其年龄结构的巨大差异.一般而言,火烧轮回期长有利于低耐火性物种,火烧轮回期短有利于高耐火性物种.但如果物种具有很强的种子扩散和定居更新能力,无论该物种的耐火性高还是低,火烧轮回期短则更利于该物种的生存,但幼龄林所占的比重较大.不同的种植更新方案对于森林物种有显著的影响,可以明显地增加所种植的物种在该区所占的比例.

Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for fuel cell applications

Porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were used as support material for Nafion((R))/PTFE composite membranes. The composite membranes were synthesized by impregnating porous PTFE membranes with a self-made Nafion solution. The resulting composite membranes were mechanically durable and quite thin relative to traditional perfluorosulfonated ionomer membranes (PFSI); we expect the composite membranes to be of low resistance and cost. In this study, we used three kinds of porous PTFE films to prepare Nafion/PTFE composite membranes of different thickness. Scanning electron micrographs and oxygen permeabilities showed that Nafion resin is distributed uniformly in the composite membrane and completely plug the micropores, there is a continuous thin Nation film present on the PTFE surface. The variation in water content of the composite and Nafion 115 membranes with temperature was determined. At the same temperature, water content of the composite membranes was smaller than that of the Nafion 115. In both dry and wet conditions, maximum strength and break strength of C-325(#) and C-345(#) were larger than those of Nafion 112 due to the reinforcing effect of the porous PTFE films. And the PEMFC performances and the lifetime of the composite membranes were also tested on the self-made apparatus. Results showed that the bigger the porosity of the substrate PTFE films, the better the fuel cell performance; the fuel cell performances of the thin composite membranes were superior to that of Nation 115 membrane; and after 180 h stability test at 500 mA/cm(2), the cell voltage showed no obvious drop. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

UV-photooxidation as pretreatment step in inorganic analysis of environmental samples

Many laboratories deal with the determination of heavy metals, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The first step in chemical analysis is a proper preparation of the investigated samples. The presence of organic substances can cause problems in many analytical methods. This paper describes the application of UV irradiation as a method of destruction of organic matter in the investigated samples.

非点源污染物细颗粒泥沙的絮凝-分散研究

细颗粒泥沙的絮凝-分散对土壤结构的稳定性，土壤中农用化合物的迁移以及侵蚀泥沙的输移、沉积有重要作用。文章概述了影响细颗粒泥沙絮凝-分散的几种主要因素——电解质种类及其浓度，矿物组成，有机质含量，pH值以及水流紊动等；指出了当前研究中存在的不足之处。

柳牡蛎蚧的研究

柳牡蛎蚧的研究姬兰柱，杨金宽，邵玉华（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳１１００１５）关键词柳牡蛎蚧，杨树，生物生态学，综合防治柳牡蛎蚧（ＬｅｐｉｄｏｓａｐｈｅｓｓａｌｉｃｉｎａＢｏｒｃｈｓ．同翅目：盾蚧科）广泛分布于“三北”杨树防护林区。该蚧通过刺吸...

杉木人工林林地土壤呼吸研究

采用CID-301PS光合测定仪,对20年生杉木人工林林地土壤的CO2排放动态进行了观测,结果表明,杉木林地土壤呼吸速率表现出明显的季节和日变化规律。其季节变化规律为:从1~7月份随温度呈上升的趋势,在7月达年呼吸速率(CO2)的最大值,为1.466μmol/(m2.s),8~12月呈逐渐递减的趋势,并且季节变化明显;日变化规律呈现出单峰曲线,最高峰出现在16:00~18:00。分析了林地土壤呼吸速率与环境因子的关系,指出林地土壤呼吸速率与进入土壤呼吸室的CO2浓度呈显著负相关,说明空气中CO2浓度的升高,将在一定程度上抑制土壤呼吸。同时得出杉木林地土壤呼吸速率与地下5cm温度呈显著正相关,建立了土壤呼吸速率与温度的回归方程,计算出杉木林地土壤的年呼吸量(CO2)为10.517t/(hm2.a)。

沈阳市苔藓植物区系初步研究

对882份标本进行鉴定,共记录沈阳市苔藓植物30科67属143种及变种,其中辽宁省新纪录种36种,东北新纪录种18种.区系分析表明本区苔藓植物以北温带成分为主(51.16%),其次为东亚成分(16.28%)和中国特有成分(12.40%),具强烈的温带性质,与该区地理位置和气候条件等相吻合,与种子植物的区系分布特点也一致.同其他城市地区苔藓植物属和种的相似性系数分析表明,沈阳市与同处辽宁省的抚顺市和鞍山市苔藓植物的亲缘性较大,而与其他城市地区亲缘性较小.

我国主要类型生态系统结构功能与提高生产力途径研究──KJ85－06项目1991～1995研究进展简介

ＫＪ８５－０６项目是“八五”期间由中国科学院资助的最大的生态学研究计划．１９个研究所、２０个试验站、５３０余名科技人员参加了该项计划，５年总经费１０００万元．研究工作取得了重大进展，迄今已发表论文４５０余篇、专著３部，尚有大量论文与多部专著将陆续出版．本文简要介绍了有关主要研究进展，并就生态系统优化管理研究和生态过程、人类活动影响联网研究提出了两点主张．