轻系统多重碎裂的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型，对~Ｃａ＋~４０Ｃａ和~４０Ａｒ＋４０~Ａｒ系统在不同入射能量时，同位旋效应对多重碎裂的影响进行了讨论．低能区的多重碎裂由于多种同位旋相关的因素相互抵消，因此多重碎裂的同位旋效应不明显．随着能量的增加，同位旋相关的截面造成多重碎裂的明显差别．

Possible way to synthesize superheavy element Z=117

Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the production of superheavy element Z = 117 in possible projectile-target combinations is analysed systematically. The calculated results show that the production cross sections are strongly dependent on the reaction systems. Optimal combinations, corresponding excitation energies and evaporation channels are proposed, such as the isotopes Bk-248,Bk-249 in Ca-48 induced reactions in 3n evaporation channels and the reactions Sc-45+Cm-246,Cm-248 in 3n and 4n channels, and the system V-51+Pu-244 in 3n channel.

Study of mass distributions of quasifission products based on dinuclear system

In the concept of dinuclear system, the quasifission rate from Kramers formula has been incorporated in the master equation in order to study the competition between fusion and qusifission. Mass yields of quasifission products of the three reactions Ca-48 + Pu-244, Ca-48 + U-238 and Fe-58 + Th-232 have been calculated, and the experimental data are reproduced very well, which is a critical test for the existing fusion model. Also we have shown the time evolution of the mass distributions of quasifission products, which provides valuable information of the process of competition between fusion and quasifission.

The influence of nuclear orientation in fusion dynamics

Fusion barriers have been calculated for different orientations of the axial symmetry axis of deformed projectile-and target-nucleus. Using the concept of dinuclear system, considering the strong competition between fusion and quasifission processes, by solving the master equation numerically to calculate the fusion probability of superheavy nuclei, we have estimated the dependence of the fusion probabilities for Ge-76 + Pb-208 and Ca-48 + Pu-244 on the orientation angles of the symmetry axis of projectile-and target-nucleus, which shows that belly-belly is the most favorable orientation for synthesizing superheavy nuclei.

Effects of ion beam irradiation on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta

The effects of 960 MeV carbon ion beam and 8 MeV X-ray irradiation on adventitious shoots from in vitro leaf explants of two different Saintpaulia ionahta (Mauve and Indikon) cultivars were studied with regard to tissue increase, shoots differentiation and morphology changes in the shoots. The experimental results showed that the survival fraction of shoot formation for the Mauve and Indikon irradiated with the carbon ion beam at 20 Gy were 0.715 and 0.600, respectively, while those for both the cultivars exposed to the Xray irradiation at the same dose were 1.000. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of Mauve with respect to X-ray was about two. Secondly, the percentage of regenerating explants with malformed shoots in all Mauve regenerating explants irradiated with carbon ion beam at 20 Gy accounted for 49.6%, while that irradiated with the same dose of X-ray irradiation was only 4.7%; as for Saintpatdia ionahta Indikon irradiated with 20 Gy carbon ion beam, the percentage was 43.3%, which was higher than that of X-ray irradiation. Last, many chlorophyll deficient and other varieties of mutants were obtained in this study. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the effect of mutation induction by carbon ion beam irradiation on the leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta is better than that by X-ray irradiation; and the optimal mutagenic dose varies from 20 Gy to 25 Gy for carbon ion beam irradiation.

碳离子辐照诱导人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的时间和剂量效应

目的:研究碳离子辐照诱导淋巴细胞染色体畸变的时间和剂量效应。方法:以加速的碳离子为辐射源,吸收剂量分别为2、4Gy的碳离子辐照人外周血淋巴细胞后,分别培养48、72、84h后收集细胞,用姊妹染色单体区别染色法分析淋巴细胞第一次分裂中期染色体畸变,以研究畸变的时间效应;吸收剂量为0、0.5、1、2、3、4Gy的碳离子辐照人外周血淋巴细胞后,培养48h,用常规染色体技术研究碳离子辐照诱导淋巴细胞染色体畸变的剂量效应。结果:辐照后分别培养48、72和84h得到的双着丝粒和着丝粒环畸变("双+环"畸变)频率没有明显差异;在0.5～4Gy剂量范围内,"双+环"畸变的量效关系符合线性关系:Y=0.0005+0.689D。结论:在本实验辐照条件下,碳离子辐射诱导淋巴细胞染色体畸变不存在时间效应,可以用48h的培养时间来研究碳离子的生物学效应,并发现染色体"双+环"畸变随剂量的增加而呈线性增加。

生物还原药物AQ4N在肿瘤治疗增敏中的研究进展

目的观察尼美舒利(nimesulide)对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7辐射敏感性的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法实验分为对照组、加药组、单纯照射组(radiation treatment,RT)及加药照射组,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测尼美舒利对MCF-7细胞生长抑制率的影响,并选择用药后72h测得的IC20-IC30(抑制浓度,inhibiting concentration,IC)对应的药物浓度作为辐射增敏工作浓度;克隆形成实验检测尼美舒利对MCF-7的放射增敏作用;通过流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布的变化。Western印迹法检测与凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平;并用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测DNA的损伤及修复。结果尼美舒利对MCF-7细胞的生长抑制作用呈时间依赖性和剂量依赖性,但对周期分布无明显变化。尼美舒利加药照射组与单纯照射组比较,克隆存活曲线的肩区变窄,bcl-2表达下调,但对Bax表达没有明显影响。尼美舒利本身不明显增加MCF-7的DNA损伤,但可明显延缓放射引起的SSB的修复。结论提示尼美舒利对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株具有辐射增敏作用,其放射增敏机制可能通过抑制DNA损伤修复并下调bcl-2来得以实现。

Longitudinal scaling property of the charge balance function in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

We present measurements of the charge balance function, from the charged particles, for diverse pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges in Au + Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe that the balance function is boost-invariant within the pseudorapidity coverage vertical bar-1.3, 1.3 vertical bar. The balance function properly scaled by the width of the observed pseudorapidity window does not depend on the position or size of the pseudorapidity window. This scaling property also holds for particles in different transverse momentum ranges. In addition, we find that the width of the balance function decreases monotonically with increasing transverse momentum for all centrality classes. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

丰质子奇异轻核反应总截面测量

核反应总截面是表征原子核反应基本特征的一个基本量，从实验测得的核反应总截面中可以得到有关核反应、核结构和核内核子分布的信息。在由放射性束流所产生奇的结构与各种反应机制研究中，反应总截面的测量更是具有特殊的重要性，具有奇异晕核结构的核的一个典型的物理现象就是其反应总截面要比稳定核大很多，Tanihata等人最早就是通过对放射性束流的相互作用截面的测量发现了具有奇异结构的核，即中子晕核。这次实验结果得出的跟放射性奇异核性质等有关的一些有趣现象，为放射性束核物理的研究注入了新的活力。我们采用能量为80MeV/u的初级~(20)Ne束轰击3mm厚的初级Be靶，在RIBLL上测量了由初级靶上产生碎裂反应所得到的次级~(12)N, ~(17)F和~(17)Ne等质子滴线核在硅靶上的中能核反应总截面，从而进一步补充了现有的中能区奇异核反应总截面测量的空白，并对现有的数据进行了检验。由于~(12)N, ~(17)F和~(17)Ne都是有争议的可能具有奇异质子结构（质子晕或质子皮）的核，测量它们在中能区的核反应总截面，可以对上述说法的成立与否提供实验上的验证。在与相邻同位素核的反应截面测量结果的比较中，发现实验得出的这些奇异核的截面值都偏大，而且由相对论平均场（RMF）计算得到的它们的质子密度分布明显比中子分布松散的多，因此推断它们可能具有奇异质子分布结构。并且基于库仑修正后的微观Glauber模型的理论计算出这些奇异核反应截面的结果同我们得出的实验数据吻合得很好。为了更精确地进行奇异核反应总截面的测量，研制了两种双维位置灵敏平行板雪崩电离室（PPAC），可以放在待测硅靶前，用来选择小于一定入射角的次级束粒子，有助于得到更准确的结果。该PPAC的有效探测面积为50 * 50mm~2，分别采用电荷分除法和延迟线读出的方法确定入射粒子的位置，并具有结构简单、价格便宜的特点。用三组分α源(5.155Mev~(239)Pu, 5.486 Mev~(241)Am, 5.806Mev~(244)Cm) 对探测器进行了测试，由阴极电荷分除读出法得到的位置分辨（FWHM）约为1.5mm。

用于RIBLL和CSR的气体探测的研制

气体探测器是历史最悠久的核探测器之一气体探测器具有成本低廉、制备简单、性能可靠和使用方便等特点。而且气体探测器的形状和尺寸可任意设计，厚度可随气体气压的变化而改变，适合做大面积位置灵敏、大立本角探测和有较宽的动态测量范围。所以气体探测器在各自的应用范围内发挥着巨大的作用。在兰州放射性束流线（RIBLL）上开展次级束实验的过程中，束流的定位和发散度测定都是非常重要的。我们研制了两种高性能的双维位置灵勘平行板雪崩计数器（PPAC），一种为传统的三个极板结构，另外一种为五个极板的多极结构，分别适用于较重粒子和轻粒子的位置测量。对于五个极板的多极结构的探测器，灵敏面积为100mm×100mm，采用电荷分除法读出位置，我们用3组分α源测试，工作气体选用异丁烷。测试在6.5mb气压下，位置分辨为0.55mm（FWHM），探测效率大于99.2％，位置离散小于士0.2mm。一系列的性能指标都达到了同类探测器的最好水平。该探测器和以前研制的三极板PPAC的性能均已满足RIBLL的要求，将会用作RIBLL重要的束诊元件和位置探测器。同时改进后还能在即将建成的兰州重离子加速器冷却存储环（HIRFL-CSR）上的束流诊断过程中发挥重要的作用。同时，为在RIBLL上开展超重元素和超重核素的合成实验研制了一种多阳极横向场气体电离室（MAIC）。在100mbP10气体下，对应第四块大灵敏区域，5.806MeV~(244)Cm的α粒子的能量损失为1.30MeV，得出该探测器的能量分辨为41.1keV（FwHM），相对分辨为3.16％。该探测器适合于较重粒子的鉴别，性能指标已经满足RIBLL鉴glI灼子的要求。

海洋光合细菌Rx菌株的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

　从大连金州区海湾养虾池底分离获得光合细菌Rx菌株的初筛菌株,并对其纯培养物进行了形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征以及DNA中G+C摩尔百分比等生物学特性分析。结果表明,Rx菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,大小为(0.5～0.7)μm×(1.0～1.2)μm,单极生鞭毛,光合内膜为泡囊状,繁殖方式为二分分裂生殖;Rx菌株的纯培养物含细菌叶绿素a和球状素型类胡萝卜素,光照厌氧和黑暗好氧条件均能生长;Rx菌株生长盐度为5～100g/kg,生长pH为5.8～8.4;Rx菌株不能利用硫化物为电子供体,其生长受高浓度硫化物的抑制;能利用谷氨酸而不能利用柠檬酸钠、酒石酸为有机碳源或电子供体;盐酸硫胺素(t)、生物素(b)、p-对氨基苯甲酸(p-ABA)、烟酸(n)为Rx菌株生长的必需因子;Rx菌株DNA的G+C摩尔百分比为64.18%。根据以上特征,并参照《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》(2002)和《伯杰氏细菌系统学手册》第3卷(1989),将Rx菌株鉴定为小红卵菌属广海小红卵菌(Rhodovulumeuryhalinum)。