Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China

To find the pathologic cause of the children's dental fluorosis in southwestern China, diet structure before the age of 6 and prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (DF) of 405 children were investigated, and the fluorine and arsenic content of several materials were determined. The prevalence rate of DF of children living on roasted corn before the age of 6 is 100% with nearly 95% having the mild to severe DF; while that of children living on non-roasted corn or rice is less than 5% with all having very mild DF. The average fluorine and arsenic concentration are 20.26 mg/kg and 0.249 mg/kg in roasted corn, which are about 16 times and 35 times more than in non-roasted corn, respectively. The average fluorine concentration is 78 mg/kg in coal, 1116 mg/kg in binder clay and 313 mg/kg in briquette (coal mixed with clay). The average arsenic concentration of coal is 5.83 mg/kg, the binder clay is 20.94 mg/kg, with 8.52 mg/kg in the briquette. Living on roasted corn and chili is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis in southwestern China. The main source of fluorine and arsenic pollution of roasted corn and chill is the briquette of coal and binder clay. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and properties of polyether pentaerythritol mono-maleate grafted linear low density polyethylene by reactive extrusion

A reactive type nonionic surfactant, polyether pentaerythritol mono-maleate (PPMM) was synthesized in our laboratory. PPMM was adopted as functionalizing monomer and grafted onto linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with a melt reactive extrusion procedure. FT-IR was used to characterize the formation of grafting copolymer and evaluate their degree of grafting. The effects of monomer concentration, reaction temperature and screw run speed on the degree of grafting were studied systematically. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of LLDPE and LLDPE-g-PPMM samples was carried out using DSC.

Gadolinium heteropoly complex K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] as a potential MRI contrast agent

Gadolinium heteropoly complex K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thermal analysis and conductivity study indicate that this complex has good thermal stability and wide pH stability range. The T-1 relaxivity is 7.59 mM(-1) s(-1) in aqueous solution and 7.97 mM(-1) s(-1) in 0.725 mmol l(-1) bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution at 25degreesC and 9.39 T, respectively. MR imaging of three male Sprague-Dawley rats showed remarkable enhancement in rat liver after intravenous injection, which persisted longer than with Gd-DTPA. The signal intensity increased by 57.1 +/- 16.9% during the whole imaging period at 0.082 mmol kg(-1) dose. Our preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] is a potential liver-specific MRI contrast agent.

稀土掺杂氟化镁钾纳米晶的合成及其光谱特性

采用微乳液法合成了Eu2+,Ce3+单掺和双掺KMgF3纳米晶,分析了样品的结构与形态.结果表明,所合成的样品均为单相,颗粒粒度分布均匀.讨论了光谱特性并与高温固相法合成的产物作了对比.研究发现,在KMgF3纳米晶双掺体系中,由于Eu2+和Ce3+竞争吸收激发能,只能观察到Ce3+的发射带;而在KMgF多晶共掺体系中,因为存在Ce3+→Eu2+能量传递过程,只能观察到Eu2+的发射峰.

Sol-gel-derived titanium oxide/copolymer composite based glucose biosensor

A new type of sol-gel-derived titanium oxide/copolymer composite material was developed and used for the construction of glucose biosensor. The composite material merged the best properties of the inorganic species, titanium oxide and the organic copolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) grafting 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-PVP). The glucose oxidase entrapped in the composite matrix retained its bioactivity. Morphologies of the composite-modified electrode and the enzyme electrode were characterized with a scanning electron microscope. The dependence of the current responses on enzyme-loading and pH was studied. The response time of the biosensor was < 20 s and the linear range was up to 9 mM with a sensitivity of 405 nA/mM. The biosensor was stable for at least I month. In addition, the tetrathiafulvalene-mediated enzyme electrode was constructed for the decrease of detection potential and the effect of three common physiological sources that might interfere was also investigated.

Synthesis, structure and characterization of a novel asymmetrical half-sandwich binuclear iron carborane complex [eta(5)-C5H3 (t-Bu)(2)](2)Fe-2 (CO)(3)Se2C2B10H10

Halfsandwich iron dicarbonyl complex [eta(5)-C5H3(t-Bu)(2)]Fe(CO)(2)Cl(1) reacts with 1, 2-dilithium diseleno carborane Li(2)Se(2)C(2)B(10)H10 (2) to give a binuclear iron carborane complex [eta(5)-C5H3(t-Bu)(2)](2)Fe-2(CO)(3) Se2C2B10H10(3). The X-ray diffraction analysis of complex 3 reveals that one of the iron atoms is chiral.

A novel preparation method of maleic anhydride grafted syndiotactic polystyrene and its blend performance with nylon6

This work is intended to provide a method for the preparation of maleic anhydride grafted syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS-g-MA). In particular, a novel solid reaction method by a radical grafting approach is investigated. The grafting reaction is performed at a solid state, where the syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) is swollen in solvent at relatively low temperature compared to the conventional melt modification method. The formation of sPS-g-MA is directly confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by the morphology observation of sPS/polyamide-6 (Nylon6) blends, when sPS-g-MA is used as a reactive compatibilizer.

PDP用荧光粉的真空紫外辐照特性

利用“等离子体显示用荧光粉光学测试系统”中147nm真空紫外光,对实用的（Y,Gd）BO_3:Eu红粉,Zn_2SiO_4:Mn和（Ba,Sr,Mg）O·nAl_2O_3:Mn绿粉以及（Ba,Mg）O·nAl_2O_3:Eu~(2+)蓝粉进行较长时间的辐照,以观察荧光粉的衰减特性,发现红粉衰减最小,蓝粉初始衰减较快,而绿粉亮度存在一个先升后降的现象。

Co-Cu-Al mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite-like compound for NO reduction by CO

Various hydrotalcite based catalysts were prepared for catalytic removal of NO (NO reduction by CO). The general formula of hydrotalcite compounds (HTLc) was Co-Cu-Al-HTLc. Precalcination of these materials at 450 degrees C for NO reduction by CO, was necessary for catalytic activity. All catalysts except Co-A1 and Cu-Al have very good activity at lower temperature for NO reduction by CO. All samples were characterized by XRD and BET. The tentative reaction mechanism was also proposed.

聚氧化乙烯梳状聚合物共混物的非等温结晶动力学

用ＤＳＣ方法对乙烯基甲醚／马来酸酐交替共聚物多缩乙二醇酯（ＣＢＰ）聚氧化乙烯（ＰＥＯ）共混体系的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究，用Ｍａｎｄｅｌｋｅｒｎ、ＺＪ（ＺｉａｂｉｋｉＪｅｚｉｏｒｎｙ）、Ｏｚａｗａ和对Ｏｚａｗａ方法的一种修正方法对该体系进行了处理．结果表明：得到了一种既没有结晶又有较多ＥＯ单元含量的共混物，ＣＢＰ对ＰＥＯ的结晶有抑制作用．Ａｖｒａｍｉ指数随冷却速率的加快在３８～５７之间波动．Ｍａｎｄｅｌｋｅｒｎ方法求得的结晶动力学参数Ｚｃ随冷却速率的增加而增加，共混物的Ｇｃ值不随冷却速率的变化而变化，随ＰＥＯ含量增加而减少，处理结果表明而ＺＪ理论能较好地解释本体系的非等温结晶过程和机理.

稀土富勒烯提取液的激光解吸飞行时间质谱研究

采用激光解吸飞行时间质谱对含镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd).铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)等13种稀土富勒烯的提取液进行了研究.考察了正负谱、激光强度、底物以及质量歧视对分析结果的影响,并由此确定了最佳分析条件.结果表明,提取液中除了空心富勒烯外,还存在较多量的稀土富勒烯.通过对它们谱峰相对强度之间的比较,探讨了不同稀土元素嵌入富勒烯球笼的结构稳定性及溶解性能的差别以及产生这种差别的可能原因.

含液晶二醇聚氨酯研究

合成了具有液晶性质的二元醇一对苯二甲酰二羟苯甲酸丁二醇酯（ＴＯＢＢ），这种二元醇单独或与端羟基聚了二烯（ＨＴＰＢ）混合后与二异氰酸酯反应生成几种聚氨酯，用ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，偏光显微镜和ＷＡＸＤ对它们进行了表征，证明这种二元醇和聚氨酯都具有液晶性质。