INDIGO-CARMINE-MODIFIED POLYPYRROLE FILM ELECTRODE

Functionalized polypyrrole films were prepared electrochemically in the presence of indigo-carmine from aqueous solution. The film shows a couple of reversible redox peaks superimposed on a large background of polypyrrole. The redox reaction is pH dependent. The film has good stability in air and can be cycled between -0.1 and 0.4 V (Ag/AgCl) for several hours without any significant changes in the voltammograms. UV-visible spectra indicate the incorporation of indigo-carmine into the polymer matrix.

REDOX THERMODYNAMICS OF CYTOCHROME-C AT THE BARE GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE

Investigation of the redox thermodynamics of horse heart cytochrome c at bare glassy carbon electrodes has been performed using cyclic voltammetry with a nonisothermal electrochemical cell. The thermodynamic parameters of the electron-transfer reaction of cytochrome c have been estimated in different component buffer solutions. The change DELTAS(re)-degrees in reaction center entropy and the formal potential E-degrees' (at 25-degrees-C, vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) for cytochrome c are found to be -64.1 J K-1 mol-1 and 0.251 V in phosphate buffer, -64.8 J K-1 mol-1 and 0.257 V in Tris + HCl buffer, -65.6 J K-1 mol-1 and 0.261 V in Tris+CH3COOH buffer (pH 7.0, ionic strength 100 mM). The temperature dependence of the formal potential obtained in phosphate buffer with or without NaCl in the range 5-55-degrees-C shows biphase characteristics in an alkaline solution with an intersection point at ca. 44-degrees-C or 42-degrees-C, which should be due to a structural change in the protein moiety of cytochrome c. However, in acidic and neutral solutions only a monotonic relationship between E-degrees' and temperature is observed. The effect of the buffer component on E-degrees' for cytochrome c is also discussed.

聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的研究——1.聚合条件对体系相容性的影响

用分步法合成了聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物(PVAc/PMA-IPN),PVAc和PMA的交联剂分别是丁二酸二烯丙酯(DAS),和二乙烯基苯(DVB)。当DAS用量较小时,VAc聚合时的接枝反应较明显,PVAc网络的交联密度高于化学当量的计算值。动态力学的实验结果表明,丙烯酸甲酯的聚合温度和聚合过程中的溶胶-凝胶转变对PVAc/PMA-IPN体系的相容性有很大影响。

Inhibitory effects of the androgenic gland on ovarian development in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain

Isolation and characterization of androgenic hormone in decapod crustaceans depend on an effective bioassay of its action. In the present study, the effect of androgenic gland on ovarian development in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain was investigated with a view to develop a bioassay for androgenic hormone. Ovarian regression with degeneration of oocytes occurred in some female crabs implanted with androgenic gland in vivo. In vitro incubation of ovarian tissues at secondary vitellogenesis in extract of androgenic gland resulted in a significant decrease in amino acid uptake by the tissues. We propose that this inhibitory effect could be established as an effective bioassay for the isolation of androgenic hormone in the mud crab. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc.

褐藻多酚羟基测定及抗氧化性质研究

羟基是褐藻多酚结构特征，以往只以间苯三酚为标准物对褐 藻多酚中总羟基用FD法进行测量，核磁共振研究表明褐藻多酚中除间三羟基外还含有连三羟基（Ragan, et al, 1986），连三羟基的测量与它所占总羟基工比例是探讨褐藻多酚构效关系的基础，此类研究未有报道；关于褐藻多酚的抗氧化性，只有增重法和过氧化值法对其进行研究的报道，而关于抗氧化机理未有报道。采用FAS法、FD法对鼠尾藻（Sargassum. thunbergii)、海黍子(Sargassum. kjellmanianum)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、海带(Laminaria japonica)中褐藻多酚连三羟基与总羟基含蓄量的比例进行了研究，结果依次为24.4%、25.6%、1.7%和2.6%;采用DPPH体系、羟基自由基体系、烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系对海黍子高分子量褐藻多酚抗击氧化性质进行了研究，发现其清除DPPH活性、清除羟基自由基活性、抑制烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化的活性分别为77%、27%和21%，但它不具有清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力。褐藻多酚具有供氢能力且其连三羟基的供氢能力大于间三羟基，清除羟基自由基与其苯环提供的羟基自由基加成位点的数量有关。对褐藻多酚抑制A_3钢腐蚀进行了电化学研究，发现褐藻多酚可使海水中A_3钢腐蚀电位转正并与工作电极附近的溶解氧反应减缓腐蚀。本研究表明褐藻多酚的抗击氧化性与其羟基结构的苯环提供的羟基自由基加成位点的数量有直接关系。

Effects of salinity on energy budget in pond-cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

Pond farming for sea cucumber has developed rapidly along the northern coast of China in the recent years. Holothurians inhabiting ponds undergo seasonal fluctuations of salinity. This study deals with the bioenergetic responses of pond-cultured sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (wet weight of 37.5 +/- 1.8 g) to different water salinities [22, 27, 31.5, and 36 practical salinity units (psu)] at 15 degrees C in the laboratory to determine the influence of water salinity on growth and energy allocation in this species. Results show that ingested energy and scope for growth (SFG) were highest at 31.5 psu and then decreased when water salinity was below or above this point. Although energy ingested was lowest at 36 psu, the lowest SFG occurred at 22 psu (only 102.68 +/- 14.26 J g(-1) d(-1)) because animals reared at 22 psu spent much more consumed energy on feces (72.19%), respiration (21.70%), and excretion (2.59%), leaving less energy for growth (3.52%). Results suggest that pond-cultured sea cucumbers could tolerate chronic salinity fluctuations at a range of 22 to 36 psu and grew better between 27 and 31.5 psu, but decreased at salinities above and below the mentioned salinity range. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crystal structure and DFT studies of a triazole derivative: 4-(2-hydrobenzylideneamino)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl-methyl) 1H-1,2,4-triazole-5 (4H)-thione

A novel triazole derivative 4-(2-hydrobenzylideneamino)-3-(1, 2, 4-triazol-4-ylmethyl)-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-5 (4H)-thione(1) was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, MR, and H-1 NMR, and its crystal structure was determined via X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Crystal data: monoclinic, P2 (1)/c, a = 0.83335 (9) nm, b = 1. 49777 (16) run, c = 1. 14724 (12) nm, beta = 107. 990 (2)degrees, D = 1. 470 Mg/m(3), and Z = 4. The geometries and the vibrational frequencies were determined using the density functional theory(DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. To demonstrate the accuracy of the reaction route of compound 1, one of the important intermediates was also tested using the same method. The structural parameters of the two compounds calculated using the DFT study are close to those of the crystals, and the harmonic vibrations of the two compounds computed via the DFT method are in good agreement with those in the observed IR spectral data. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound were calculated, and the compound shows a good structural stability at normal temperature. The test results of biological activities show that it has a certain bactericidal ability.

青海薄荷的光合及热能耗散特性研究

对青海省民和、西宁和湟源3个地区的药用植物薄荷（Mentha haplocalyx Briq.）的净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的变化进行分析比较。结果显示：（1）最大净光合速率（P_n）湟源〉西宁〉民和;（2）PSⅡ反应中心最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）以及PSⅡ反应中心活性参数（1/F_o-1/F_m）和实际光化学量子效率（Φ_(PSⅡ）)的变化趋势相同,均以西宁最高,而相应的光合功能的相对限制（L_(PDF)）西宁最低;（3）西宁薄荷的光化学猝灭系数（q_P）最高（0.875）,而非光化学猝灭（NPQ）则最低（1.114）。研究表明,青海薄荷有光抑制现象发生,但并没有造成PSⅡ反应中心的不可逆破坏;西宁薄荷光化学能力较高而湟源薄荷对于过剩光能的耗散能力较高。

不同牦牛放牧率下江河源区垂穗披碱草／星星草混播草地第一性生产力及其动态变化

江河源区2龄和3龄混播草地（垂穗披碱草＋星星草）牦牛放牧试验结果表明：在两个放牧季内，不同处理组的地上生物量开始阶段逐渐增加。之后逐渐下降。且随放牧率的增加同一时期地上生物量减小；2003年从7月20日开始、2004年从8月5日开始至9月20日，不同放牧率下同一时期的地上生物量差异显著（P〈0．05）；各放牧处理区2003年同一时期的地上生物量均高于2004年。且牧草生长季节地上平均生物量及其年度变化之间的差异显著（P〈0．05）。此外，不同放牧率下同一时期各土壤层地下生物量及其百分比组成、相同放牧强度下不同时期各土壤层地下生物量及其百分比组成均没有明显的趋向性变化；牧草生长季节地上平均生物量与放牧强度之间呈线性回归关系。0～30cm的地下生物量（包括活根和死根）与放牧强度之间呈二次回归关系；牧草生长季节地上与地下平均生物量之间呈二次回归关系，说明轻度放牧和中度放牧能刺激牧草的生长，具有补偿或超补偿生长的特点。

藏成药七十味珍珠丸中矿物质元素在体内蓄积性水平研究

名贵藏成药七十味珍珠丸是传统藏药的典型代表,疗效显著.其中矿物类药的大量运用为现代医学科学不可理喻,给传统藏医药学的健康发展带来了困惑.以金诃七十味珍珠丸为研究材料,以Wistar大白鼠为试验对象,用等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)和氢化物原子吸收光谱(HAAS)等分析仪器,测定了对照组和给药组实验动物在连续18周试验期间心、肝、肾等组织器官中的矿物质元素含量水平,阐述金诃七十味珍珠丸中矿物质元素在动物主要组织器官中的长期蓄积性及其对生物机体的毒性效应.

反相高效液相色谱法测定大鼠肝组织中DNA的碱基含量

利用反相高效液相色谱法，采用Supelcosil LC-18色谱柱（250 mm * 4.6 mm i.d.，5μm ），以甲醇-0.05 mol/L KH_2PO_4缓冲液（体积比为20：80）为流动相，流速0.8 mL/min，在254 nm波长处检测，对生活在高原（海拔2.3 km）的习服大鼠肝组织中脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的碱基含量进行了检测，发现各碱基在DNA中所占的比例是相对稳定的：腺嘌呤（A）28.8%、鸟嘌呤（G）23.3%、胞嘧啶（C）17.4%、胸腺嘧啶（T）25.3%，并利用内标法对DNA甲基化水平进行了测定。

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha cDNA cloning and its mRNA and protein tissue specific expression in domestic yak (Bos grunniens) from Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Adaptation to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of an oxygen-regulated a-subunit and a constitutively expressed beta-subunit. How animals living on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau adapt to the extreme hypoxia environment is known indistinctly. In this study, the Qinghai yak which has been living at 3000-5000 m attitude for at least two millions of years was selected as the model of high hypoxia-tolerant adaptation species. The HIF-1 alpha ORFs (open reading frames) encoding for two isoforms of HIF-1 alpha have been cloned from the brain of the domestic yak. Its expression of HIF-1 alpha was analyzed at both mRNA and protein levels in various tissues. Both its HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein are tissue specific expression. Its HIF-1 alpha protein's high expression in the brain, lung, and kidney showed us that HIF-1 alpha protein may play an important role in the adaptation to hypoxia environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

基于反馈线性化和自适应UKF的直升机航向控制

本文提出了一种新的自适应无色卡尔曼滤波(AUKF)方法.该方法以最小化新息方差阵的"真值"和估计值差的迹为指标函数，以MIT法则为自适应机制.通过自适应估计系统过程噪声方差阵，能够有效的补偿由于噪声先验知识不足和参数变化所引起的估计误差，提高UKF用于非线性系统状态、参数联合估计的性能.因而主动估计被进一步结合到反馈线性化中，使直升机航向动力学能够对内部不确定性有自适应性，也就是当时变、未知参数变化时达到鲁棒跟踪控制性能.并针对直升机航向动力学模型验证本方法的正确性；与常规UKF相比较显示该方法在收敛速度和估计准确程度方面的性能提高。

港西地区河流相砂岩油藏剩余油分布研究

The Gangxi oil field has reached a stage of high water production. The reservoir parameters, such as reservoir physical characteristics, pore structure, fluid, have obviously changed. This thesis therefore carries out a study of these parameters that control reservoir characteristics, physical and chemical actions that have taken place within the reservoirs due to fluid injection, subsequent variations of reservoir macroscopic physical features, microscopic pore structures, seepages, and formation fluid properties. This study rebuilds a geologic model for this oil field, establishes a log-interpreting model, proposes a methodology for dealing with large pore channels and remnant oil distribution, and offers a basis for effective excavation of potential oil, recovery planning, and improvement of water-injection techniques. To resolve some concurrent key problems in the process of exploration of the Gangxi area, this thesis carries out a multidisciplinary research into reservoir geology, physical geography, reservoir engineering, and oil-water well testing. Taking sandstone and flow unit as objects, this study establishes a fine geologic model by a quantificational or semi-quantificational approach in order to understand the remnant oil distribution and the reservoir potential, and accordingly proposes a plan for further exploration. By rebuilding a geological model and applying reservoir-engineering methods, such as numerical simulation, this thesis studies the oil-water movement patterns and remnant-oil distribution, and further advances a deployment plan for the necessary adjustments and increase of recoverable reserves. Main achievements of this study are as follows: 1. The Minghazhen Formation in the Gangxi area is featured by medium-sinuosity river deposits, manifesting themselves as a transitional type between typical meandering and braided rivers. The main microfacies are products of main and branch channels, levee, inter-channel overflows and crevasse-splay floodplains. The Guantao Group is dominantly braided river deposit, and microfacies are mainly formed in channel bar, braided channel and overbank. Main lithofacies include conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale, with sandstone facies being the principal type of the reservoir. 2. The reservoir flow unit of the Gangxi area can be divided into three types: Type I is a high-quality heterogeneous seepage unit, mainly distributed in main channel; Type II is a moderate-quality semi-heterogeneous seepage unit, mainly distributed in both main and branch channels, and partly seen within inter-channel overflow microfacies; Type III is a low-quality, relatively strong heterogeneous seepage unit, mainly distributed in inter-channel overflow microfacies and channel flanks. 3. Flow units and sedimentary microfacies have exerted relatively strong controls on the flowing of underground oil-water: (1) injection-production is often effective in the float units of Type I and II, whilst in the same group of injection-production wells, impellent velocity depends on flow unit types and injection-production spacing; (2) The injection-production of Type III flow unit between the injection-production wells of Type I and II flow units, however, are little effective; (3) there can form a seepage shield in composite channels between channels, leading to inefficient injection and production. 4. Mainly types of large-scale remnant-oil distribution are as follows: (1) remnant oil reservoir of Type III flow unit; (2) injection-production well group of remnant oil area of Type III flow unit; (3) remnant oil reservoirs that cannot be controlled by well network, including reservoir featured by injection without production, reservoir characterized by production without injection, and oil reservoir at which no well can arrive; (4) remnant oil area where injection-production system is not complete. 5. Utilizing different methods to deal with different sedimentary types, sub-dividing the columns of up to 900 wells into 76 chronostratigraphic units. Four transitional sandstone types are recognized, and contrast modes of different sandstone facies are summarized Analyzing in details the reservoirs of different quality by deciphering densely spaced well patterns, dividing microscopic facies and flow units, analyzing remnant oil distribution and its effect on injection-production pattern, and the heterogeneity. Theory foundation is therefore provided for further excavation of remnant oil. Re-evaluating well-log data. The understanding of water-flood layers and conductive formations in the Gangxi area have been considerably improved, and the original interpretations of 233 wells have changed by means of double checking. Variations of the reservoirs and the fluid and formation pressures after water injection are analyzed and summarized Studies are carried out of close elements of the reservoirs, fine reservoir types, oil-water distribution patterns, as well as factors controlling oil-gas enrichment. A static geological model and a prediction model of important tracts are established. Remaining recoverable reserves are calculated of all the oil wells and oil-sandstones. It is proposed that injection-production patterns of 348 oil-sandstones should be adjusted according to the analysis of adaptability of all kinds of sandstones in the injection-production wells.