146 resultados para 346.068


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a flavoprotein with homologues in all domains of life except plants. It plays a physiological role both in sulfide detoxification and in energy transduction. We isolated the protein from native membranes of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, and we determined its X-ray structure in the "as-purified,'' substrate-bound, and inhibitor-bound forms at resolutions of 2.3, 2.0, and 2.9 angstrom, respectively. The structure is composed of 2 Rossmann domains and 1 attachment domain, with an overall monomeric architecture typical of disulfide oxidoreductase flavoproteins. A. aeolicus SQR is a surprisingly trimeric, periplasmic integral monotopic membrane protein that inserts about 12 angstrom into the lipidic bilayer through an amphipathic helix-turn-helix tripodal motif. The quinone is located in a channel that extends from the si side of the FAD to the membrane. The quinone ring is sandwiched between the conserved amino acids Phe-385 and Ile-346, and it is possibly protonated upon reduction via Glu-318 and/or neighboring water molecules. Sulfide polymerization occurs on the re side of FAD, where the invariant Cys-156 and Cys-347 appear to be covalently bound to polysulfur fragments. The structure suggests that FAD is covalently linked to the polypeptide in an unusual way, via a disulfide bridge between the 8-methyl group and Cys-124. The applicability of this disulfide bridge for transferring electrons from sulfide to FAD, 2 mechanisms for sulfide polymerization and channeling of the substrate, S2-, and of the product, S-n, in and out of the active site are discussed.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Arthrospira (Spirulina) (Setchell& Gardner) is an important cyanobacterium not only in its nutritional potential but in its special biological characteristics. An unbiased fosmid library of Arthrospira maxima FACHB438 that contains 4300 clones was constructed. The size distribution of insert fragments is from 15.5 to 48.9 kb and the average size is 37.6 kb. The recombination frequency is 100%. Therefore the library is 29.9 equivalents to the Arthrospira genome size of 5.4 Mb. A total of 719 sample clones were randomly chosen from the library and 602 available sequences, which consisted of 307,547 bases, covering 5.70% of the whole genome. The codon usage of A. maxima was not strongly biased. GC content at the first position of codons (46.9%) was higher than the second (39.8%) and the third (45.5%) positions. GC content of the genome was 43.6%. Of these sequences, 287 (47.7%) showed high similarities to known genes, 63 (10.5%) to hypothetical genes and the remaining 252 (41.8%) had no significant similarities. The assigned genes were classified into 22 categories with respect to different biological roles. Remarkably, the high presence of 25 sequences (4.2%) encoding reverse transcriptase indicates the RT gene may have multiple copies in the A. maxima genome and might play an important role in the evolutionary history and metabolic regulation. In addition, the sequences encoding the ATP-binding cassette transport system and the two-component signal transduction system were the second and third most frequent genes, respectively. These genomic features provide some clues as to the mechanisms by which this organism adapts to the high concentration of bicarbonate and to the high pH environment.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

遗传力是数量遗传学的重要参数,对鱼类良种选育具有重要意义。可靠的遗传力估计值可以为合理制定育种计划提供宝贵信息,同时可以预测选择反应。本文按照10×3因子设计方法,10尾雄鱼与3尾雌鱼两两授精,产生10个父系半同胞、3个母系半同胞及30个全同胞家系,以微卫星分子标记为家系鉴定手段,对40日龄牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力进行了估计;同时,初步探讨了因子交配设计及人工控制条件下,亲本对子代遗传贡献率差异及有效群体大小。主要结论包括:1.初步筛选的14个微卫星位点中,有9个(Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23、Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13)在亲本中呈现中、高度多态性:平均等位基因9.4个;平均亲本特异性等位基因4个。用5个位点(Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23)为346个子代中的227个个体找到所属家系;继续用另外4个位点(Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13)分型,成功鉴定72个个体。鉴定率约86%,其中,亲本特异性等位基因的存在使鉴定效率大大提高。以上9个位点可为该群体良种选育工作提供技术支持。2. 发生降解的DNA与完整的DNA,在相同引物、相同PCR体系、相同模板浓度下扩增的带型一致。该结果证实了微卫星分型对降解的DNA同样稳定。3. 亲本对子代的遗传贡献率存在差异。雄亲的贡献率为5.8—14.3%,除3号、9号子代数较少,5号、6号子代数较多外,其它父本基本一致;母本对子代的贡献率差异较大(18.5%—50.6%),这与人工授精前雌亲发育状况、卵子质量检测结果基本一致,在一定程度上说明,母本尤其是卵子质量对鱼类早期存活具有较大影响。4. 家系内子代数目的不平衡导致实际有效群体大小下降。Ne=7.44,比理论有效群体大小(9.23)下降约19%。但与自然交配相比(有效群体下降可达75%),人工控制下的交配在一定程度上可有效限制遗传多样性的下降。5. 基于父本方差组分,40日龄生长相关性状遗传力估计值(h2s±S.E.)为(0.157±0.052)-(0.440±0.137)。加性遗传方差在表型方差中所占的比例,在一定程度上表明该牙鲆群体生长性状具有一定的选择力度。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文以我国长江口水域富营养化为研究对象,对长江水体溶解态无机氮、磷分布特点和通量变化进行了分析,基于长江流域氮“输入-输出”关系模型探索了水体氮的来源;分析了长江口水域富营养化长期演变及特点;探索了长江口海域低氧区的发生机制。结果如下: 长江水体中NO3--N、NH4+-N、DIN和DIP浓度从上游往下游呈增加趋势,但存在季节差异。长江流域从上游往下游的DIN输送通量的变化主要受水流量的影响,但从上游往下游单位面积年产N量逐渐升高;DIP输送通量从上游往下游呈增加趋势,同时也主要受水流量控制,但从季节变化来讲,DIP的月输送通量受其浓度的控制更加明显。自20世纪60年代来,长江水体中NO3--N、NO2--N、DIN和DIP浓度都处于缓慢上升趋势,但到80年代上升速度明显加快;不同历史时期DIN和DIP的季节变化特点也不尽相同,反映出其来源的差异。同时,本研究采用长江流域氮“输入-输出”关系模型(污染负荷统计模型)对长江水体氮来源进行了分析,估算了各种氮源对水体氮的贡献率。结果表明,2006年向长江流域输入氮的总量为17.6 Tg,其中20%的输入氮转移到了水体(3.5 Tg)。本年度长江大通水文站实测氮输送通量为1.8 Tg,表明约50%的氮在水体输送过程中发生了生物、化学、物理损耗。对于长江水体氮的来源来讲,饲养牲畜粪便氮流失和大气干/湿沉降氮的贡献率较大,分别为26%和25%;农业氮肥流失和城市生活污水排放的贡献率相同,都为17%;农村人口粪便氮流失和工业废水排放的贡献率分别为6%和9%。 自20世纪60年代以来,长江口口门内和外海(盐度>30psu)水体中营养盐浓度增加显著。在表层水体盐度大于22psu海域DIN: PO43--P值表现出了明显升高的历史变化趋势。SiO3: PO43--P值从1959年到1985-86年显著下降,然后到2003-06年有所上升。根据SiO3: PO43--P值和DIN: PO43--P值的长期变化趋势,可以推出,SiO3: DIN值从20世纪50-60年代以后呈现下降趋势。在长江口海域,随着营养盐浓度的增加,浮游生物量的大幅度升高在本研究中得到证实。同时,长江口水域浮游植物种群结构对营养盐结构的长期变化产生响应,研究结果表明,硅藻种类比重从1985-86年84.6% 下降到2004-05年69.8%;年均硅藻丰度占浮游植物总丰度比重在1985-86年达到99.5%,但到2004-05年降低为75.5%,而甲藻丰度比重则由0.7%增大到25.4%。 底层水体DO浓度与Delta S(底层水体与表层水体的盐度之差)和Delta T(表层水体与底层水体的温度之差)成显著负相关,这表明了水体层化或者垂直水体交换是控制长江口水域底层水体溶解氧变化的主要因素,但水体温度层化要比盐度层化在控制低氧区形成上起到更大的作用。上升流在该海域低氧的形成和分布上起到很重要的作用,显著影响低氧水团的垂直分布,也显著影响到溶解氧的水平分布。现场生产的浮游植物可能是低氧区的形成的生物基础,日益增加的叶绿素a浓度和大规模的有害藻华可能是长江口低氧区逐渐增大的原因。本研究认为,此海域低氧区的形成主要受长江冲淡水、台湾暖流的入侵、地形、尤其是温跃层的形成和现场生产的有机物质控制。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The species composition and abundance of microzooplankton at 10 marine and five coastal stations (Hongdao, Daguhe, Haibohe, Huangdao and Hangxiao) in the Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao, China) were studied in 2001. The microzooplankton community was found to be dominated by Tintinnopsis beroidea, Tintinnopsis urnula, Tintinnopsis brevicollis and Cvdonellopsis sp. The average abundance of microzooplankton was highly variable among stations. Specifically, the abundance of microzooplankton was higher at inshore stations and lower in the center of the bay (St. 5), bay mouth (St. 9) and outside the bay (St. 10). The highest average annual densities (346 ind./L) was observed at St. 3, while the lowest (55 ind./L) was at St. 10. Two abundance peaks were recorded in May (324 ind./L) and February (300 ind./L). The distribution of microzooplankton in three sampling layers at the 10 stations was relatively homogenous and the abundance decreased slightly as the water depth increased. At coastal stations, the highest average annual density was recorded at Hongdao Station (677 ind./L), followed by Daguhe Station (616 ind./L), Haibohe Station (400 ind./L), Huangdao Station (275 ind./L) and Hangxiao Station (73 ind./L). Furthermore, a 24-h sampling analysis conducted at Hangxiao Station revealed that the microzooplankton assemblages were characterized by a bimodal diel vertical migration pattern, with the highest densities occurring at dusk (154 ind./L), followed by dawn (146 ind./L), noon (93 ind./L) and midnight (77 ind./L). The density of microzooplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay was in the middle range of the densities of temperate coastal waters worldwide.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Chitosan (CS) with two different molecular weights was modified by reacting with 4-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride or 2-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride to give new 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan (2-HCBSAHCS, 2-HCBSALCS, 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS). The structure of the derivatives was characterized by FT-IR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were investigated employing various established systems, such as hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot)/superoxide anion (O-2(radical anion)) scavenging/reducing power and chelating activity. All the derivatives showed stronger scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical than chitosan and ascorbic acid (Vc), and IC50 of 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS, 2-HCBSAHCS and 2-HCBSALCS was 0.334, 0.302, 0.442, 0.346 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the derivatives toward superoxide radical by the PMS-NADH system were strong. The results showed that the superoxide radical scavenging effect of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan was higher than chitosan. The derivatives had obviously reducing power and slight chelating activity. The data obtained in in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以2000—03到2001—02的辐射观测资料,分析了海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区辐射及各分光辐射的变化特征.将为高寒草甸生态系统的物质循环、能量流动、草地生产力形成机制等问题的研究提供科学依据。结果表明:海北站区Eg、Er、UV、PAR、NIR和En具有明显的日、年变化,年内其总量分别达6278.867MJ/m^2、1515.139MJ/m^2、311.242MJ/m^2、2576.777MJ/m^2、3397.404MJ/m^2和2542.950MJ/m^2,其中在植物生长期的5—9月分别为3181.215MJ/m^2、698.021MJ/m^2、165.955MJ/m^2、1133.965MJ/m^2、1673.871MJ/m^2和1668.805MJ/m^2。年内Er、UV、PAR、NIR和Eh占Eg的比例分别为0.242、0.048、0.410、0.540和0.410,在植物生长期分别为0.219、0.052、0.413、0.528和0.527。对Eg和PAR提出了下列形式的模拟求算式.Eg=Eg0(0.089.7+0.9768S/S0)和PAR=-3.8044+0.4177%,模拟效果较好,可利用有关常规气象观测资料进行估算。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

土壤对疏水性有机污染物的吸附实际上是土壤中矿物和有机质两部分共同作用的结果。土壤有机质的作用相当重要,因为与矿物相比,它通常对疏水性有机污染物具有较大的热力学亲合力。因此,土壤吸附有机污染物机理的研究主要是从土壤有机质的角度进行的。土壤有机质组成复杂,主要包括非特异性有机质和腐殖质,其中腐殖质约占有机质总量的50%-80%,包括胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素。早期的实验研究认为疏水性有机污染物在土壤有机质相中表现为线性分配,可以用平衡分配系数来描述。但是,随着实验研究的深入,平衡分配模型不能合理解释疏水性有机污染物的一些吸附特征,如非线性吸附、溶质竞争吸附以及解吸过程的滞后现象等。后来,Weber和Huang提出土壤吸附有机污染物的三端元模型。同时Pignatello和Xing提出双模式吸附模型。都认为土壤有机质存在明显的不均匀性,并且提出了“软碳”与“硬碳”的概念.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

大兴安岭南段二叠系大石寨组发育两套火山岩,即林西地区拉斑玄武岩系列的细碧-角斑岩类和大石寨地区钙碱性岩石系列玄武岩和玄武安山岩类。细碧岩的主元素以富铁为特征,成分类似于N-MORB,微量元素表现为岛弧拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征。细碧岩类形成于大石寨裂陷槽强烈拉张的中心位置,是地幔源区较高程度部分熔融的产生。大石寨地区玄武岩和玄武安山岩类的化学成分表现为大陆缘弧火山岩的地球化学特点,形成于大石寨裂隙槽拉张中心以外的环境,是地幔物质较低程度部分熔融和地壳物质严重混染的产物。大石寨裂隙槽中火山岩的这种独特的成分和组合特点可能反映了裂隙槽的形成是一个快速而短暂的强烈拉张过程。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以土壤环境地球化学研究为主线,以贵州省贵阳市8 046 km^2为研究区域,将土壤重金属污染元素镉的空间分布规律与环境地球化学机理研究相结合,建立区域土壤环境地球化学基线,选用合适的判别指标判识自然作用过程与人类活动过程对土壤环境的影响.通过对487个样品的镉含量的统计分析,结果表明,贵阳市表层土壤中镉的基线值为0.068 mg/kg,镉元素含量大于1.010 mg/kg的样品可能遭受人为污染的影响.地质累积指数分析结果显示,贵阳市40%的表层土壤未受镉污染,19%的表层土壤在无污染与中度污染之间,14%受中度污染,19%的表层土壤介于中度污染到强污染之间,7%受强污染,1%的表层土壤介于强污染到极强污染之间.污染程度指数分析则显示,贵阳市57.9%的表层土壤未受到镉污染,镉的污染程度最大为12.1,96%的表层土壤污染程度小于4,总污染程度大于0,即总体受到污染.[

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在湖北恩施渔塘坝土壤硒分布的调查过程中,发现不同地段田地土壤中存在异常高硒样品。其硒含量变化范围是346~2018mg/kg,平均(899±548)mg/kg(n=11),相对于坝内成土基岩和耕作土硒含量0.5mg/kg与3.5mg/kg的水平而言,表明这些土壤硒受到了外来源硒的严重污染。扫描电子显微镜的观察表明,这些土壤样品中均有大量晶体状自然硒的出现,其特征类似燃煤型成因的自然硒,证实了上世纪50年代后期恩施当地居民石煤火熏土作肥的耕作方式,并直接导致了田地土壤硒的骤然增加。渔塘坝当地居民在1963年间的硒中毒爆发性流行,乃至恩施地区人畜硒中毒的普遍流行,极可能是人为因素引起.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

硒同位素作为非传统稳定同位素的重要组成部分,由于具多价态、多质量数、同位素分馏效应大的特点,已成为目前发展最迅速的同位素之一。本文在综合前人研究成果基础上,结合笔者最新的研究成果,对硒同位素的测试技术做了较全面总结,内容包括样品的化学前处理(TCF技术)、在线的氢化物发生器系统、质谱测试技术、参考物质的标定等,并就自然界中硒同位素的组成、分馏机制及应用潜力做了评述。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

金宝山镁铁一超镁铁岩体是峨眉山大火成岩省一个典型的岩浆Cu-Ni—PGE成矿岩体。在根据成岩机制概算原始岩浆微量元素含量的基础上,通过模式计算,表明原始岩浆强不相容元素相对富集型式不可能由现有原始地幔或亏损地幔模型的单一源区熔融或融体混合作用形成,原始岩浆起源于类似OIB源的地幔柱高程度熔融,熔融程度在2o%左右。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

通过野外调查在渔塘坝硒矿区首次发现了一种新的硒超富集植物-遏蓝菜(Thlaspi arvense L.)。调查结果发现,在自然生长条件下,一年生遏蓝菜叶子中富集硒可高达1427mg/kg,生物富集硒系数可高达68,地上部硒含量最低也超过了500mg/kg,生物富集硒系数最低也超过了10,表现为叶〉根〉叶柄的硒富集特征。多年生遏蓝菜叶、茎和根的硒含量分别为104~163;231~346;444~459mg/奴,生物富集硒系数为2.6~12.4,均大于1,显示出根〉茎〉叶的硒富集特征。尽管多年生遏蓝菜远没有一年生遏蓝菜的硒含量高,但远比一般植物硒含量高,达到了次生硒蓄积植物富集硒的水平,显示遏蓝菜植物可以超富集硒。渔塘坝遏蓝菜的发现将为研究硒在植物中的吸收、转化、富集机理以及提取有效抗癌有机硒化物和修复硒污染生态环境提供新的材料。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

依据新获得的同位素年代学资料和构造岩石地层单元,重新认识了云南哀牢山造山带形成与演化历史。认为:在哀牢山地区元古界深变质岩系属基底的造层;前造山期岩石组合及构造演化为扬子地块西缘被动大陆边缘志留纪深水相碎屑岩→陆缘泥盆纪被动裂谷盆地中火山-沉积岩→石炭纪哀牢山有限洋盆及蛇绿岩石组合→晚二叠世-早三叠世哀牢山洋-陆碰撞成陆及弧火山岩-陆相碎屑岩组合。燕山期主造山期及岩石级合为晚三叠世-侏罗纪前陆盆地磨拉石建造-同造山期中酸性侵入岩-燕山期脆性剪切带及构造岩,喜马拉雅山期陆内造山成原的岩石组合为第三-第四纪陆内山间盆地中磨拉石建造-红河韧性剪切带及构造岩-富碱侵入岩和煌斑岩。