近40年中国植物物候对气候变化的响应研究

根据中国科学院物候观测网络中26个观测站点的物候资料,分析了近40年我国木本植物物候变化及其对气候变化的响应关系,并建立了不同年代物候期与地理位置之间的关系模式,分析了当前气候增暖背景下物候期地理分布规律变化对气候变化的响应关系。结果表明:温度上升,我国的木本植物春季物候期提前。20世纪80年代以后,东北、华北及长江下游等地区的物候期提前,西南东部、长江中游等地区的物候期推迟,同时物候期随纬度变化的幅度减小。

全新世寒冷事件与气候变化的千年周期

在统计10000aBP以来我国每百年中寒冷事件记录的频率的基础上,分析了寒冷事件的时间分布特点和频率序列的功率谱.结果表明,10000aBP以来的冷暖变化在500,1000和1300a的周期是明显的.其中,两个相邻寒冷事件的平均时间间隔与500a周期相对应,间隔一个事件的两个寒冷事件之间的平均时间间隔与1000a周期相对应.而包括一长(400～800a)一短(100～200a)两个寒冷时段的一个气候旋回与1300a左右的周期相对应.为千年周期的存在提供了进一步的证据.

过去2000年中国温度变化研究的几个问题

根据最近重建的中国东部地区过去2000年冬半年温度距平序列,结合最近其他一些相关研究结果,对过去2000年中国温度变化序列的重建方法、小冰期及魏晋南北朝冷期的起迄时间与寒冷状况、中世纪暖期与隋唐暖期的温暖程度、过去2000年中国冷暖变化的幅度与速率、温度变化的千年波动周期、20世纪气候增暖是否超出过去2000年气候波动的最大范围及20世纪暖期历史相似型等几个问题进行了综合评述.

ANALYSIS OF DRIVING FORCES ON THE CHANGE OF HISTORICAL FARMLAND USE IN SHANDONG PROVINCE DURING THE QING DYNASTY (1644-1911)

National Natural Science Foundation of China [40201005]; Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX3-SW-321, KZCX2-314, KZCX1-SW-321-4]

Novel acid-base polyimides synthesized from binaphthalene dianhydrie and triphenylamine-containing diamine as proton exchange membranes

The synthesis and characterization of novel acid-base polyimide membranes for the use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is presented in this paper. The sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) bearing basic triphenylamine groups were easily synthesized using 4,4'-binaphthyl-1,1',8,8'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), sulfonated diamine of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether-2,2'-disulfonic acid (ODADS), and nonsulfonated diamines of 4,4'-diaminotriphenylamine (DATPA). The effects of the structure of the dianhydride and diamines on the properties of SPI membranes were evaluated through the study of membrane parameters including water sorption, proton conductivity, water stability, dimensional changes, and methanol permeability.

Electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence study of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles with covalently grafted biomacromolecules

Spherical Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-doped silica (RuSi) nanoparticles were prepared via a water-in-oil microemulsion approach. The electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent properties of the RuSi nanoparticles immobilized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode were investigated. Further, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the RuSi nanoparticles with covalently coated biomacromolecules was studied. By covalent cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, gamma-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)-pretreated RuSi nanoparticles were coupled with different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA), hemoglobin, and myoglobin, respectively.

Metabolic profiling studies on the toxicological effects of realgar in rats by H-1 NMR spectroscopy

The toxicological effects of realgar after intragastrical administration (1 g/kg body weight) were investigated over a 21 day period in male Wistar rats using metabonomic analysis of H-1 NMR spectra of urine, serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts. Liver and kidney histopathology examination and serum clinical chemistry analyses were also performed. H-1 NMR spectra and pattern recognition analyses from realgar treated animals showed increased excretion of urinary Kreb's cycle intermediates, increased levels of ketone bodies in urine and serum, and decreased levels of hepatic glucose and glycogen, as well as hypoglycemia and hyperlipoidemia, suggesting the Perturbation of energy metabolism. Elevated levels of choline containing metabolites and betaine in serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts and increased serum creatine indicated altered transmethylation. Decreased urinary levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, phenylacetylglycine and hippurate suggested the effects on the gut microflora environment by realgar.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-8Gd-0.4Zr alloys containing Zn

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-8Gd-xZn-0.4Zr (x = 0, 1 and 3 wt.%) alloys in the as-cast, as-extruded and extruded-T5 conditions, have been investigated. The peak-aged Mg-8Gd-1Zn-0.4Zr alloy during isothermal ageing at 423 K acquires highest mechanical properties, with the highest ultimate tensile strength and yield tensile strength of 314 and 217 MPa, respectively. Addition of Zn has obvious effect on age hardening responses, especially for 1 wt.% Zn addition. It is due to a uniform distribution of beta' phase which can impede the movement of dislocations. However, addition of 3 wt.% Zn to the Mg-8Gd-0.4Zr alloy leads to a precipitation of Mg3Zn3Gd2 phase (W-phase). This phase is incoherent with interface of the matrix and becomes cores of the fracture in tensile test at room or elevated temperature.

The luminescence of CaYBO4 : RE3+ (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb, Ce) in VUV-visible region

Phosphors CaYBO4:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Gd, Tb, Ce) were synthesized with the method of solid-state reaction at high temperature, and their vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-visible luminescent properties in VUV-visible region were studied at 20 K. In CaYBO4, it is confirmed that there are two types of lattice sites that can be substituted by rare-earth ions. The host excitation and emission peaks of undoped CaYBO4 are very weak, which locate at about 175 and 350-360nm, respectively. The existence of Gd3+ can efficiently enhance the utilization of host absorption energy and result in a strong emission line at 314 nm. In CaYBO4, Eu3+ has typical red emission with the strongest peak at 610 nm; Tb3+ shows characteristic green emission, of which the maximum emission peak is located at 542 nm. The charge transfer band of CaYBO4:Eu3+ was observed at 228 nm; the co-doping of Gd3+ and Eu3+ can obviously sensitize the red emission of Eu3+. The fluorescent spectra of CaYBO4:Ce3+ is very weak due to photoionization; the co-addition of Ce3+-Tb3+ can obviously quench the luminescence of Tb3+.

四逆汤煎煮过程中乌头类生物碱的溶出和水解平衡

目的　研究四逆汤中乌头类生物碱的溶出平衡和水解平衡。方法　利用电喷雾质谱分析 ,比较了制附子、四逆汤、四逆汤药渣和含有 3种双酯型生物碱的混合对照品体系中的乌头碱类二萜生物碱。结果　在煎煮过程中双酯型生物碱溶解并发生水解反应 ,而脂类生物碱则难溶于水。乌头碱、中乌头碱、次乌头碱水溶性相近 ,但是次乌头碱在水中的热稳定性更高 ,C1 9二萜骨架上 C3取代基 ( - OH或 - H)的变化影响生物碱的稳定性。结论　四逆汤中的乌头碱类生物碱的种类及含量由其溶解性和化学稳定性共同决定。

A novel route for the preparation of CdS nanocrystal-poly(acrylic acid) composites using gamma-radiation

CdS nanocrystals were synthesized through AOT/heptane/H2O reverse micelles. New stable reverse mikelles were obtained by adding an appropriate amount of acrylic. acid monomer, CdS nanocrystal-poly(acrylic acid) composites were synthesized by gamma-radiation with a reverse mi'celle route at room temperature. The US nanocrystals with narrow size distribution were, found to be dispersed homogeneously in the poly(acrylic acid) matrix. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigation of the electrocatalytic effect of polyaniline on the redox reaction of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole by cyclic voltammetry

Electrochemical polymerized polyaniline(PAn) film electrode was used to investigate the electrocatalytic effect of PAn on the electrochemical redox reaction of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT), PAn film electrode was electrochemically treated or immersed in DMcT solution before it was scanned in 1.0 mol/L HCl electrolyte. The cyclic voltammograms of PAn film electrode in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution changed with the above treatment, implying the electrocatalytic effect of PAn on the redox reaction of DMcT, The formation of electron-donor-acceptor adducts through the interaction between thiol or disulfide groups of DMcT and amine or imine groups of PAn during the treatment was probably the reason of the catalysis, The electrochemical properties of the adduct were different from those of PAn and DMcT, The adduct possessed a higher electrochemical activity and a better electrochemical reversibility than DMcT or PAn used alone.

聚苯胺对2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑氧化还原反应的电化学催化作用的循环伏安研究

研究了聚苯胺 ( PAn)膜电极在 2 ,5-二巯基 -1 ,3 ,4 -噻二唑 ( DMc T)溶液中电化学处理或浸泡后的循环伏安 ( CV)曲线的变化规律 .实验结果表明 ,PAn膜电极在 DMc T溶液中进行电化学处理或浸泡过程可使DMc T进入 PAn膜内部与 PAn形成复合物 .PAn对 DMc T的电化学催化作用可能和二者之间形成的电子给体 -受体复合物有关 .该复合物的电化学氧化还原特性不同于 PAn和 DMc T,其氧化还原反应速率和可逆性均优于 DMc T