秸秆还田对水溶性有机碳的影响

水溶性有机碳对农业土壤中的碳循环有着重要的作用。通过持续6年的田间试验来研究玉米秸秆还田对土壤水溶性有机碳的影响,共有3种处理:(1)对照;(2)粉碎还田;(3)覆盖还田。结果表明,在6年的秸秆还田试验中,秸秆还田能够增加土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳的含量(P<0.05),主要是增加了大团聚体组分中有机碳和水溶性有机碳的含量。秸秆不同还田方式对土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳并没有显著的影响,土壤水溶性有机碳和土壤有机碳有很好的相关性(R2=0.512)。

柳牡蛎蚧的研究

柳牡蛎蚧的研究姬兰柱，杨金宽，邵玉华（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳１１００１５）关键词柳牡蛎蚧，杨树，生物生态学，综合防治柳牡蛎蚧（ＬｅｐｉｄｏｓａｐｈｅｓｓａｌｉｃｉｎａＢｏｒｃｈｓ．同翅目：盾蚧科）广泛分布于“三北”杨树防护林区。该蚧通过刺吸...

饲用纤维素酶测定方法的探讨

本文在总结纤维素酶作用机理的基础上,根据饲料中所含不溶性纤维素的特性及其降解时对酶系要求,推荐以滤纸为底物测定饲用纤维素酶活力。

我国用材林林价测算方法研究进展

将用材林林价测算方法概括为三条途径。成本、收益及市价途径。分析了近年来用材林林价测算理论的发展。最后 ,对利息与利润是否都计入林价及利润率是否随营林过程发生变化问题进行了探讨

污泥构筑湿地——一种新型城市污泥处理技术

城市污泥的产量巨大且成分复杂,如何对城市污泥处置与利用已成为人们所关注的问题。通过对城市污泥的特性、国内外的常规处理技术现状进行综述,对污泥处理的一种新方法——污泥构筑湿地处理技术在国外的发展情况进行了全面分析,指出发展污泥构筑湿地处理技术在我国的迫切性和今后的研发重点。

厚壁和薄壁碳纳米管载Pt催化剂制备和对甲醇氧化的电催化活性

制备了壁厚约5 nm、管径为140~220 nm薄壁碳纳米管(CNTs)和壁厚约50 nm,管径为80~200 nm厚壁碳纳米管。研究了浓HNO3处理对不同壁厚CNTs结构和表面基团的影响。结果表明,经硝酸处理后,厚壁CNTs的双电层充放电电量(Qd)和表面含氧基团氧化所需电量(Qo)分别增加了1.34和0.098 mC,薄壁CNTs的Qd和Qo分别增加了5.69和0.175 mC。表明与厚壁CNTs相比,薄壁CNTs易被切断,表面碳原子易被氧化。当用常规液相还原法将Pt粒子沉积在薄壁和厚壁CNTs上后,由于浓HNO3处理过的薄壁CNTs具有大的比表面积和多的含氧基团,Pt粒子更容易均匀的吸附在薄壁CNTs表面,因此,制得的Pt/CNTs催化剂对甲醇氧化有很高的电催化活性。

Novel Sulfonated Polyimide Ionomers by Incorporating Pyridine Functional Group in the Polymer Backbone

A series of sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) containing pyridine ring in the polymer backbone were synthesized by the polycondensation of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), 5-(2,6-bis(4-arninophenyl)pyridin-4-yl)-2-methoxy benzene sulfonic acid (SDAM), and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA). Flexible, transparent, and tough membranes were obtained. Property study revealed that all the membranes displayed high thermal stability with the desulfonation and decomposition temperature higher than 290 and 540 degrees C, respectively, as well as good mechanical property with Young's modulus larger than 1.0 GPa, maximum strength (MS) on a scale of 60-80 MPa, and elongation at break (EB) ranged from 41.79 to 75.17%.

Nanostructured CaWO4, CaWO4 : Pb2+ and CaWO4 : Tb3+ particles: Polyol-mediated synthesis and luminescent properties

Nano-submicrostructured CaWO4, CaWO4 : Pb2+ and CaWO4 : Tb3+ particles were prepared by polyol method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), photoluminescence (PL), cathodo-luminescence (CL) spectra and PL lifetimes. The results of XRD indicate that the as-prepared samples are well crystallized with the scheelite structure of CaWO4. The FE-SEM images illustrate that CaWO4 and CaWO4 : Pb2+ and CaWO4 : Tb3+ powders are composed of spherical particles with sizes around 260, 290, and 190 nm respectively, which are the aggregates of smaller nanoparticles around 10-20 nm. Under the UV light or electron beam excitation, the CaWO4 powders exhibits a blue emission band with a maximum at about 440 nm. When the CaWO4 particles are doped with Pb2+, the intensity of luminescence is enhanced to some extent and the luminescence band maximum is red shifted to 460 nm. Tb3+-doped CaWO4 particles show the characteristic emission of Tb3+ D-5(4)-F-7(J) (J=6-3) transitions due to an energy transfer from WO42- groups to Tb3+.

Structural characterization and property of in-situ synthesized AZ91-Mg2Si composite

A new-type Mg2Si composite was prepared with Mg-9Al-1Zn (AZ91) alloy and vermiculite as raw materials by melt infiltration method. The results show that the microstructure of composite consists of a large amount Of Mg2Si precipitates and a little amount of MgO embedded in alpha-Mg matrix. The Vickers hardness of the composite is obviously higher than that of matrix of AZ91 alloy. Moreover, the composite exhibits excellent compressive property. The ultimate compressive strength of the material is 290 MPa, the yield strength is 175 MPa, and the elongation is about 5%, which are higher than those of AZ91 alloy.

Synthesis and chirooptical properties of optically active poly(ester imide)s based on axially asymmetric 1,1 '-binaphthyls

A series of optically active poly(ester imide)s (PEsI's) has been synthesized by the polycondensation reactions of new axially asymmetric dianhydrides, that is, (R)-2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride and (S)-2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride, and various diamines with aromatic, semiaromatic, and aliphatic structures. The polymers have inherent viscosities of 0.45-0.70 dL/g, very good solubility in common organic solvents, glass-transition temperatures of 124-290 degreesC, and good thermal stability. Wide-angle X-ray crystallography of these polymers shows no crystal diffraction. In comparison with model compounds, an enhanced optical rotatory power has been observed for the repeat unit of optically active PEsI's based on aromatic diamines, and it has been attributed to a collaborative asymmetric perturbation of chiral 1,1'-binaphthyls along the rigid backbones.

Synthesis and spectral properties of lutetium-doped CeF3 nanoparticles

CeF3 and lutetium-doped CeF3 nanoparticles with the dopant concentration of 17, 25, 30, 42 and 50 mol% (molar ratio, Lu/Ce) were synthesized. XRD patterns were indexed to a pure CeF3 hexagonal phase even under the dopant concentration of 50 mol%. Environmental scanning electron microscopy-field emission gun (ESEM-FEG) was used to characterize the morphology of the final products. From the luminescence spectra of the products, we can get a broad emission ranging from 290 to 400 nm with peak at 325 nm. Lutetium-doping increases the luminescence intensity. We got. the most intense luminescence at the dopant concentration of 30 mol%.