198 resultados para 235


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A modified microfiltration membrane has been prepared by blending a matrix polymer with a functional polymer. Cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethyleneimine (PEI), which was then crosslinked by polyisocyanate, in a mixture of solvents. In the membrane, PEI can supply coupling sites for ligands in affinity separation or be used as ligands for metal chelating, removal of endotoxin or ion exchange. The effects of the time of phase inversion induced by water vapor, blended amount of PEI and amount of crosslinking agent on membrane performance were investigated. The prepared blend membranes have specific surface area of 12.04-24.11 m(2)/g and pure water flux (PWF) of 10-50 ml/cm(2) min with porosity of 63-75%. The membranes, made of 0.15 50 wt.% PEI/CA ratio and 0.5 crosslinking agent/PEI ratio, were applied to adsorbing Cu2+ and bovine serum albumin (BSA) individually. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ion on the blend membrane is 7.42 mg/g dry membrane. The maximum adsorption capacities of BSA on the membranes with and without chelating Cu2+ ion are 86.6 and 43.8 mg/g dry membrane, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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通过对湖南省会同县地区不同季节地带性常绿阔叶林、杉木纯林、火力楠纯林以及杉木火力楠混交林土壤各活性有机碳的含量测定,分析了森林植被对土壤活性碳库及其季节变化的影响。结果表明,常绿阔叶林转变为人工林后,土壤活性有机碳含量明显降低;与杉木纯林相比,火力楠与杉木混交可提高土壤活性有机碳含量,但只有土壤水溶性有机碳含量显著提高;各林地土壤活性有机碳具有明显的季节变化,一年中土壤水溶性有机碳含量的大小始终为常绿阔叶林>杉木火力楠混交林>火力楠纯林>杉木纯林,土壤微生物量碳、热水浸提有机碳和碳水化合物则表现为常绿阔叶林>火力楠纯林>杉木火力楠混交林>杉木纯林。与杉木纯林相比,杉木火力楠混交林可提高林地质量,但不同林地活性有机碳的季节变化规律表现不尽一致,表明土壤活性有机碳的季节差异不仅与温度、降雨等气候因素有关,还受到植被类型的影响。

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用静态箱法原位观测和分析了我国北方稻田 3~ 1 2月CH4和N2 O的排放及其关系 ,并研究了这一关系发生的微生物学机理 .同时 ,监测了土壤湿度、pH、水分及Eh的变化 .结果表明 ,稻田CH4和N2 O排放之间存在着互为消长的关系 (R2 =0 0 4 94) .土壤湿度、pH及Eh变化范围分别在 0~ 2 4℃、6 87~ 7 0 2和 41 5~ 30 0mv之间 ,水分从非淹水期的 38~ 72 %FC至 5~ 1 0cm浅水淹灌 .土壤Eh对CH4和N2 O的释放起重要的调控作用 .在整个观测期内 ,与CH4和N2 O释放密切相关的 6种菌群 (发酵细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌、产甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌 )各有其数量消长及酶活性变化规律 ,稻田CH4和N2 O排放之间互为消长的关系受这些相关微生物数量及酶活性变化的共同调控 .

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported Pt-Fe cathodic catalyst shows higher specific activity towards oxygen reduction reaction as compared to Pt/MWNTs when employed as cathodic catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell.

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A plasticized Cr3+ ion sensor by incorporating 2,3,8,9-tetraphenyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododeca-1,3,7,9-tetraene (TTCT) ionophore exhibits a good potentiometric response for Cr3+ over a wide concentration range (1.0×10-6-1.0×10-1 M) with a slope of 19.5 mV per decade. The sensor response is stable for at least three months. Good selectivity for Cr3+ in comparison with alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions, and minimal interference are caused by Li+, Na+, K+, Co2+, Hg2+, Ca2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions, which are known to interfere with other chromium membrane sensors. The TTCT-based electrode shows a fast response time (15 s), and can be used in aqueous solutions of pH 3 - 5.5. The proposed sensor was used for the potentiometric titration of Cr3+ with EDTA and for a direct potentiometric determination of Cr3+ content in environmental samples.

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The validation of a fully automated dissolved Ni monitor for in situ estuarine studies is presented, based on adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV). Dissolved Ni concentrations were determined following on-line filtration and UV digestion, and addition of an AdCSV ligand (dimethyl glyoxime) and pH buffer (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulphonic acid). The technique is capable of up to six fully quantified Ni measurements per hour. The automated in situ methodology was applied successfully during two surveys on the Tamar estuary (south west Britain). The strongly varying sample matrix encountered in the estuarine system did not present analytical interferences, and each sample was quantified using internal standard additions. Up to 37 Ni measurements were performed during each survey, which involved 13 h of continuous sampling and analysis. The high resolution data from the winter and summer tidal cycle studies allowed a thorough interpretation of the biogeochemical processes in the studied estuarine system.

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选取科尔沁沙地不同年龄的小叶锦鸡儿固沙林为研究对象,研究了在人工固沙林发育过程中土壤的颗粒组成、容重、孔隙度、持水性、透水性、养分和水分含量以及土壤酶活性等理化性质的变化。结果表明,随着林龄的增长,固沙林内土壤理化性质均得到较好的改善,土壤粘粒含量增加,表层容重变小,孔隙度增大,土壤持水性和渗透性能均有所提高,有机质、速效N、P、K的含量大幅度增加,但土壤水分含量却出现了下降的趋势。同时,随着林龄的增长小叶锦鸡儿固沙林土壤酶活性逐渐提高,20年生的土壤酶活性基本接近于天然群落,表明小叶锦鸡儿是本地区优良的固沙树种。固沙林内结皮层的酶活性总体上不高,但均高于其毗邻下层土壤,其中转化酶活性高出近20倍。

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研究了长白山阔叶红松林倒木贮量的动态变化规律。阔叶红松林倒木贮量包括其现有倒木及其年输入量等贮量的变化规律。阔叶红松林现有倒木贮量开始为 1 6.2 5t/hm2 ,以后随时间减少 ,到 1 0 0 a后分解掉其干重的 85%左右 ,3 0 0 a后所剩无几。倒木年输入量平均约为 0 .6t/hm2 ,其贮量是随时间而增加 ,2 0 0 a后稳定在 3 1 t/hm2 ,可保持到该群落的顶级时期。倒木总贮量的变化在初期呈增加趋势 ,而后随着现有倒木的完全分解 ,倒木贮量就与其倒木的年输入趋于一致 ,最后稳定在上述水平上

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在旱棚控制条件下 ,用五因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计 ,研究了水肥施用分配 ,补水量 ,施N量 ,施K量 ,有机肥施用量的综合作用效应 .结果表明 ,五因素对肥料N利用率的作用顺序为施N量 >补水量>水肥施用分配 >有机肥施用量 >施K量 .水肥施用分配相对于不同水、化肥 (N、K )、有机肥量的选择 ,可以大大地提高肥料N利用率 ;量少应重前施用 ,量多重后施或均施为好 .补水量与施N量的耦合规律为 :高水高肥效果最佳 ,肥料N利用率可达 5 7 83 % ,中水中N及低水低N次之 ,为 2 9 17%~ 40 99% ;高水低N或低水高N导致最低的利用率 ,为 2 2 87%或 2 2 5 1%

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对辽宁西部半干旱地区深松中耕对作物产量影响及作用机理的研究表明,深松打破了犁底层,减小了土壤容重及穿透阻力,增加了表层及亚表层土壤的孔隙度.深松土壤水分人渗可达80cm,大豆根系深度增加3.6~4.0cm,大豆产量和水分利用效率分别增加27.7~34.5%和16.1%,在干旱年份玉米增产7.9%.

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利用1980~2004年土地资源变化调查数据,分析了上黄试区土地利用变化及演变过程。结果表明:耕地和林地变化最为显著,主要表现为耕地向林地、草地及园地的转变。引起这一转变的因素是多方面的,主要有人口增长、比较利益及国家宏观政策等因素。上黄试区今后应结合当地自然和社会经济条件,大力发展特色农业,提高政策因素对土地的宏观控制能力,使土地利用向高效型、生态型及集约型发展;进行人力资本投资,重新协调人地关系,保障退耕的成果及后续产业的培养和发展。

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对污水的生态处理原理进行扼要论述 ,对污水的生态处理技术体系进行较为全面地概括 ,并就目前的应用条件与适用范围进行了阐述 ,在简要回顾污水的生态处理技术发展历史的基础上对该领域今后的发展趋势进行了展望 ,以推进污水生态处理系统的技术创新和在我国各地区的广泛应用 ,为全面实施污水处理与水资源综合利用相结合的污水无害化与资源化战略提供科学依据与技术支撑

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粗孢林氏孔菌Lindtneria trachyspora(Bourdot&Galzin)P ilát和乳白粗糙革孔菌Trechispora nivea(Pers.)K.H.Larss.首次报道于我国的青海省和陕西省,为中国新记录种。这两种木材腐朽菌均生长在阔叶树腐朽木上,造成木材白色腐朽。本文根据中国采集的标本材料对它们进行了详细的描述。

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20世纪80年代以来,中国旅游容量研究得到了较快发展。在回顾国内旅游容量研究的基础上,从理论和实践角度反思中国旅游容量研究25年的发展和问题,结论如下:我国旅游容量规划规范亟需补充完善;我国旅游容量管理方法亟需改进;国内学术界对旅游容量的认识尚存在若干误区。针对以上问题,通过综合分析国内外旅游容量的研究成果,深入探讨旅游容量的本质特征,对旅游容量的本质特征和旅游容量在实践中的发展方向形成如下基本认识:①旅游容量体现的是载体与被载体、容器与被容物之间的关系;②旅游容量反映的是景区系统中各种因子(尤其是限制性