云南墨江金矿床硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及其意义

墨江金矿床厂组中下段硅质岩具有典型的沉积构造，岩石富集∑Fe和As 、Sb、Bi、Ga等微量元素（相对于地壳克拉克值），而相对贫AI2O3；稀土元素以总量（∑REE）低，负铈异常为特征，与热水沉积的硅质岩特征相似。在判别硅质岩形成与作用的一系列主量和微量元素图解上，本区的硅质岩位于热水沉积作用范围，但四十八两山段硅质岩有趋近于正常化学沉积作用。利用硅质岩的氧同位素计算出它的形成温度为128－146℃。地质、地球化学特征表明本区硅质岩的形成与热水沉积作用有关，但四十八两山段硅质岩受到正常化学沉积作用的影响。

贡嘎山地区大气中不同形态汞的分布规律及影响因素

汞是一种有毒的人体非必需重金属元素，是一种全球性污染物。大气在全球汞生物地球化学循环中占极其重要的地位，20世纪80年代末和90年代初，在没有人为和自然汞污染源的北欧和北美偏远地区的大片湖泊中发现的鱼体高甲基汞负荷就是由人为排放的汞通过大气长距离迁移后的沉降造成的。我国被认为是全球汞排放最多的国家，大量的汞排放到大气中势必会造成不同形态大气汞浓度以及大气汞沉降通量的升高，然而就目前而言，国内关于长时间分辨率的大气汞分布规律及汞沉降通量的系统研究还比较缺乏。 2005年5月到2007年5月，采用高时间分辨率大气自动测汞仪、镀KCl石英扩散管和颗粒汞微型捕汞管对贡嘎山地区大气中的气态总汞（TGM）、活性气态汞（RGM）和颗粒汞（TPM）进行了为期2年的系统监测；同时，系统的采集分析了贡嘎山地区的大气降水、植物叶片和河流水体样品，对大气汞的干、湿沉降进行了研究，并初步探讨了贡嘎山地区汞的输入和输出。主要得到以下结论： （1） 贡嘎山大气本底站两年的大气气态总汞的几何平均浓度为3.94±1.16 ng m-3，显著高于欧洲和北美同类型地区的大气气态总汞浓度，但和亚洲一些同类型地区的监测结果较为一致；和国内城市等受人为污染区域的大气气态总汞浓度相比，贡嘎山的浓度明显偏低，但略高于长白山大气本底站的气态总汞年均浓度。以上说明，贡嘎山地区的监测结果基本上反映了亚洲特别是我国西南偏远地区的大气汞的含量水平，说明我国人为活动的汞排放，已经造成了一定程度的大气汞污染。 （2） 活性气态汞和颗粒汞表现出和气态总汞不一致的分布特征，贡嘎山地区的活性气态汞平均浓度为6.2±3.9 pg m-3，颗粒汞的平均浓度为30.7±32.1 pg m-3，分别占到大气总汞的0.2%和0.8%，和国外偏远地区的研究结果一致。而活性气态汞和颗粒汞较高的沉降速率和较短的大气迁移距离是导致活性气态汞和颗粒汞偏低的主要原因。 （3） 贡嘎山不同功能区（特别是取暖季节）的大气气态总汞浓度明显高于全球背景区的平均浓度，且具有显著的空间分布特征：城区（8.63~22.5 ng m-3）>乡镇（4.74 ng m-3）>村落（2.55~8.83 ng m-3）>区域参照点（1.65~3.57 ng m-3）。 （4） 西南地区较高的汞释放背景是贡嘎山地区大气气态总汞偏高的一个重要原因；另外，石棉地区的金属冶炼活动、城市等人口集中地区的汞释放是造成该地区大气气态总汞浓度升高的区域性污染源。 （5） 气态总汞和颗粒汞表现出冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的季节性分布规律，而活性气态汞的季节性分布规律为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季。影响气态总汞和颗粒汞季节性变化的因素有释放源强度、气象条件（特别是风向）、光化学反应和干沉降速率的季节性变化；而活性气态汞的季节性变化则可能与大气光化学反应速率以及湿沉降的季节性变化有关。 （6） 贡嘎山地区海拔1600米和3000米空旷处的大气降水的湿沉降通量分别为9.1和26.1 μg m-2 yr-1，而森林地区的湿沉降通量可达57.0 μg m-2 yr-1；贡嘎山地区大气汞的干沉降通量51.9 μg m-2 yr-1，其中约15.9 μg m-2 yr-1(31 %)来自于植物落叶的沉降。 （7） 贡嘎山地区是大气汞的汇，仅泸定县的年均大气汞净沉降量就达142 kg yr-1，且绝大部分（>95%）进入了森林生态系统，而非森林地区的大气汞输入和输出则基本平衡。

A column method for determination of soil organic partition coefficients of eight pesticides

A column method was developed to conveniently and reliably determine the soil organic partition coefficients (K-oc) of three insecticides (methiocarb, azinphos-methyl, fenthion), four fungicides (triadimenol, fuberidazole, tebuconazole, pencycuron), and one herbicide (atrazine), in which real soil acted as a stationary phase and the water solution of pesticide as an eluent. The processes of sorption equilibrium were directly shown through a breakthrough curve(BTC). The log K-oc values are 1.69, 1.95, 2.25, 2.55, 2.69, 2.67, 3.10, and 3.33 for atrazine, triadimenol, methiocarb, fuberidazole, azinphos-methyl, tebuconazole, fenthion and pencycuron, respectively.

学习困难儿童智力结构及其与心理语言、视动能力关系的研究

IQ Structure, Psycholinguistic and Visual-motor Abilities Study on Children Learning Disability TONG Fang Directed by professor Zhu Liqi (Developmental and educational psychology) ABSTRACT Objective To comprehensive analyze the IQ structures, and relationships among IQ, psychometric characteristics and visual-motor integration on children disability. At same time, to probe into the family factors that influenced IQ, psycholinguistic abilities and behavior of LD children. Method (1) Downloading the papers on children learning disability from www.cqvip.com and www.wanfangdata.com, in which, the articles were collected by key words from 1985 to 2005. To conduct meta-analysis on IQ construction, compare the case group and the control group, including full IQ, verbal and practice IQ. (2) Designed with model compared and self-compared, 59 diagnosed learning disability children, tested themes with WISC, ITPA and Berry’s VMI. WISC included 10 items, 5 of which subtotal to verbal and practice IQ respectively. IPTA included 10 items, too, 5 process of which subtotal to auditory and visual perception. The first 3 items shared representation level, the other 2 of that shared automatic level.VMI had one score. Analyzed factors and levels with description and Pearson Correlation. To probe to linguistic internal alternately functions of LD children, and compare the scores of groups in different IQ. (3) Analyzed the perspective questionnaire filled by parents. Early development facts compared with model groups. Factors relationships analyzed with Kendall correlation, KOM and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Promax Rotation. Results: (1) There have been 319 papers related with LD, in which 36 with IQ and 14 valid reports have been analyzed by Meta. FIQ’s 95%CI (confidence interval) is 2.418 ~ 0.172, VIQ between the difficulty and non- difficulty group. C-WISC-R reports were 10 papers, of which, 95%CI of FIQ is 2.424 ~ 0.676, of VIQ is 2.314 ~ 1.196, of PIQ is 2.176 ~ 0.176. The VIQ comparing the PIQ, 95%CI is 1.1 ~ -0.07 in difficulty group and 0.5 ~ -0.0046 in non-difficult group. Nevertheless, in the other 4 tests, FIQ’s 95%CI is 2.00 ~ -0.818 between LD and NLD. (2) Children psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with Berry’s VMI test excluding auditory reception, and with perceptive factor of intelligence excluding verbal expression. Auditory reception and visual closure had strong relation with FIQ and PIQ. Grammatic closure, visual association and manual expression had strong relation with concept factor. The representational and automatic levels are depended on integration of auditory and visual procession. Lower verbal expression (VE) let to lower expression process and low scores on representational level. Lower visual sequential memory (VSM) let to lower memory process and influenced automatic level. Groups compared by IQ 90 show that LD children with under IQ 90 had lower scores on items of IPTA than with up IQ 90 excluded verbal expression. It was proved that IQ administrated the linguistic ability. Nevertheless, general abilities deficiency didn’t show influencing on the types of the perceptive delay. There was mutual function among linguistic ability on LD children. Auditory and visual level are overlapped each other. Not only show higher Decoding and lower Encoding on Auditory perception, lower Decoding and higher Encoding on Visual perception, in representation, but also higher Sequential remember, lower Closure on Audition, and lower Sequential member, higher Closure on Vision, in Automation. Nevertheless, there was no different between Representational and Automatic level, which may be the relationship of parallel or evolution. (3) Major family factors were father’s education, occupation. Lower auditory perception related to unconcerned, lower visual perception related to premature delivery and written slowly. Threatened–abortion, childbirth-suffocated were known as influencing children’s IQ and later linguistic abilities. It wasn’t shown that dosage relationship with the types of perceptive delay. Conclusion: (1) The FIQ, VIQ and PIQ of Children with LD is lower than that of NLD group. There is no significantly different between VIQ and PIQ in LD and NLD groups. (2) The objectives of ITPA and WISC tests are differently. The psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with perceptive factor and VMI. Some facts of IPTA related with FIQ. IQ had strong administration on linguistic abilities. There was mutual function among linguistic internal abilities. (3) Family facts on IQ and psycholinguistic abilities were Father’s education, abnormal pregnant and abortion. It would be pre-show development delay in early period.