松辽平原农田土壤线虫多样性研究

本研究立足于松辽平原农田生态系统，研究土壤线虫物种多样性，营养类群多样性，生活史多样性和功能多样性的分布规律，为进一步揭示线虫主要功能类群与土壤C、N等土壤环境因子之间的相互关系提供基础性数据。 在松辽平原沿不同纬度梯度，选择北至黑龙江海伦，南至辽宁大石桥共7个地点的玉米地，按照0–20 cm、20–40 cm、40–60 cm、60–80 cm和80–100 cm五个层次分层采集土壤样品。研究发现，土壤线虫多样性的纬度分布格局在0–40 cm土层表现得比较明显。在不同农田生态系统中，线虫属的丰富度在0–100 cm的土壤剖面内，随着土层深度的加深而降低；在0–40 cm土层，线虫属的丰富度随纬度梯度的降低而表现出增加的趋势，最高值（18属）出现在大石桥的0–20 cm土层，最低值出现在海伦采样点的20–40 cm土层，仅观察到10个线虫属。通过对松辽平原农田土壤线虫的生活史策略组成进行研究发现，在不同采样地点，不同生活史的土壤线虫表现出不同的分布特征：在0–20 cm土层，cp-2类群线虫的相对多度随纬度的降低表现出降低的趋势，而cp-3-5的线虫则表现出增加的趋势。在不同土层研究发现， 线虫的营养多样性指数没有表现出明显的纬度分布格局，而在0–20 cm土层，食细菌线虫和捕食/杂食线虫的相对多度随纬度的降低表现出降低的趋势，而植物寄生线虫则随纬度的降低而呈增加的趋势。土壤线虫区系分析结果表明，海伦样点土壤食物网受到的扰动较小，而处于结构化状态；而哈尔滨，公主岭和沈阳采样点的土壤食物网处于退化状态，受到外界环境扰动较大。通过对松辽平原农田土壤线虫群落与理化因子的典型对应分析，可以看出相关的土壤理化性质如阳离子交换量、有机碳、全氮和粘粒含量等能够在一定程度上解释松辽平原农田土壤线虫群落的分布特征。

黑土微生物活力与组成对养分添加的响应

东北黑土是我国重要的商品粮生产基地，在保证我国的粮食安全中起着重要作用。鉴于东北黑土所具有的重要战略地位及其面临的严峻形势，如何通过化肥合理配施培肥黑土已经成为一个亟待解决的关键问题。 本文以东北黑土为供试土壤，设置CK、C、N、P、NP、CN、CP、CNP，8个养分组合，进行室内恒温模拟培养。通过对黑土呼吸强度的监测，研究黑土微生物活力对不同养分响应的规律；同时采用磷脂脂肪酸（Phospholipid Fatty Acids, PLFAs）和中性脂肪酸（Neutral Lipid Fatty Acids, NLFAs）为标识物，研究黑土微生物群落结构以及生理生态特性在不同养分条件下的动态变化，揭示黑土微生物活力与群落组成对不同养分响应的规律。 研究结果表明：黑土微生物活力首先受到可利用C源的限制，单加葡萄糖能够使土壤呼吸释放的CO2-C累积量达到对照的10倍以上，使黑土微生物活力显著提高；而在碳限制的状况被缓解后，氮便成为黑土微生物生长的主要限制因素，可利用碳底物充足的条件下，N的加入能够显著提高土壤呼吸强度，使释放出的CO2-C累积量达到对照处理的13倍以上，CN交互作用非常显著；在碳氮养分都充足的条件下，P的施入能更好地刺激微生物生长，提高黑土微生物活力，CNP处理，黑土微生物活力在培养的第3 d即达到峰值。CN和CNP组合能够迅速刺激真菌、细菌生长，使PLFA和NLFA含量、真菌/细菌比值均增加；并且CNP组合优于CN组合。单独加入C和CP组合，不能在短时间内使真菌、细菌的PLFA和NLFA含量显著增加，真菌/细菌比值也处于较低的水平。G+/G-比值在CN条件下，达到最大之后逐渐趋于平稳；而在单加C、CP和CNP条件下，G+/G-比值均在培养时间内达到两次峰值，显示出不同的养分条件下，微生物群落结构发生着内在的动态变化。

Experimental Investigation of Performance of a Miniature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell in Short-Term Microgravity

Experimental study of a liquid fed direct methanol fuel cell has been conducted in different gravity environments. A small single cell with 5 cm x 5 cm active area has single serpentine channel on the graphite cathode polar plate and 11 parallel straight channels on the graphite anode flow bed. Cell voltage and current have been measured and two-phase flow in anode channels has been in situ visually observed. The experimental results indicate that the effect of gravity on power performance of the direct methanol fuel cell is large when the concentration polarization governs fuel cells operation. Gravitational effect becomes larger at higher current density. Increasing methanol feeding molarity is conducive to weaken the influence of gravity on performance of liquid fed direct methanol fuel cells. Increasing feeding flow rate of methanol solution from 6 to 15 ml/min could reduce the size of carbon dioxide bubbles, while the influence of gravity still exist. Transport phenomena inside direct methanol fuel cells in microgravity is also analyzed and discussed.

川牛膝多糖的免疫活性及其水解活性片段分离研究

川牛膝多糖（CP）是从传统中药川牛膝（Cyathula officinalis Kuan）中提取的一种活性多糖，现代药理研究表明川牛膝多糖是川牛膝许多生物活性的物质基础。本实验室前期进行了川牛膝多糖的提取、分离、结构鉴定及其部分活性研究，发现川牛膝中多糖含量非常高，在对川牛膝多糖活性的初步研究中也证实了其具有免疫调节作用。我们为了进一步了解其免疫调节活性，并为构效关系的研究奠定基础，对其进行了如下研究： 1． 通过体外毒性检测、淋巴细胞增殖实验、NK细胞杀伤活性和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红活性测定，发现川牛膝多糖在10～300μg/mL浓度范围内，对细胞无毒性作用；能够促进LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.01)、增强NK细胞杀伤活性(P<0.05)和PMΦ吞噬中性红活性(P<0.01)，且随多糖浓度增高而增强；但其对ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞的增殖无促进作用(P>0.05)。 2． 通过正常小鼠体内淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应分析、抗体生成细胞检测、碳粒廓清检测、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞活性和NK细胞活性测定，发现川牛膝多糖在适应性免疫方面能够促进SRBC免疫小鼠体内的抗体生成细胞的生成（P<0.01）和增强DNFB诱导的DTH（P<0.05），但对ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖无促进作用（P>0.05）；在固有免疫方面能够提高小鼠碳粒廓清速率（P<0.05），PMΦ吞噬 CRBC 活性（P<0.01）和NK细胞杀伤活性（P<0.05）。同时还发现其对由环磷酰胺(Cy)引起的白细胞数下降具有很好的抑制作用（P<0.01）。 3． 为了获得结构明确、均一的保留活性的川牛膝多糖片段，为其作用机制、构效关系研究提供关键研究材料，我们开展了“保留免疫活性的最小片段”的分离制备的初步研究。建立并优化了川牛膝多糖的酸水解条件，发现在6%的样品浓度，0.025mol/L的硫酸浓度，65℃的水解温度，水解时间为8min的条件下可以得到一系列连续的多糖片段；采用Bio-Gel P2 分子筛柱层析分离得到5个级分，通过体外淋巴细胞增殖实验、NK细胞活性测定、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红实验发现其中的一个片段仍保留较强的免疫活性，并测得其分子量约为2057Da，为保留免疫活性的最小片段的进一步分离奠定了基础。 Cyathula officinalis Kuan is a commonly-used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological researches showed the polysaccharide extracted from it (CP) is an important component for many bioactivities of this TCM. In the previous studies, we found CP showed significant immuno-regulative activities. In order to evaluate this activity systematically and lay foundations for revealling its immuno-regulative machanisms and the Structure -Function relationship, we carried out the following research works: 1． The in vitro immunoactivities of CP were evaluated by using normal mice immunocytes with respects to cytotoxicity, lymphocytes proliferation, NK activity and the ability of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing neutral red. The polysaccharide showed no cytotoxicity below the concentration of 300 μg/mL, and could promote B lymphocytes proliferation (P<0.01), enhance NK activity (P<0.05) and the ability of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing neutral red (P<0.01) at the concentration of 10-300 μg/mL. The above effects were positively correlated with the concentration of the polysaccharides. But it could not promote T lymphocytes proliferation (P>0.05). 2． The in vivo immunoactivities of CP were observed on normal mice through the following indices: splenic lymphocyte transformation efficiency, delayed-type allergy, antibody-forming cells activity (AFC), rate of carbon clearance, rate of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing chicken red blood cell (CRBC) and NK activity, and its influence on the decline of the mouse leucocyte count induced by Cy. The polysaccharide at medium-dose enhanced delayed-type allergy （P<0.05）and NK activity（P<0.05） and increased the rate of carbon clearance（P<0.05）, AFC activity（P<0.01） and the rate of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing CRBC（P<0.01）. The polysaccharides also effectively resisted the decline of the mouse leucocyte count induced by Cy（P<0.01）. However, it couldn’t increase the splenic lymphocyte transformation efficiency（P>0.05）. 3． Attempting to isolate and prepare the minimal fragments retaining activity with identical structure for further studying on immuno-regulative mechanism and Structure-Function relationship, we carried out the study on hydrolysis of CP, isolation of hydrolysed fragments, and the activity evaluation of the isolated fragments. CP with concentration of 6% was hydrolysed at 65℃ for 8 min with sulfuric acid of 0.025 mol/L，then the hydrolysate was separated using Bio-Gel P2 chromatography, 5 portions of fragments were obtained. The immunoactivities of these fragments were evaluated by using normal mice immunocytes with respect to lymphocytes proliferation, NK activity and ability of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing neutral red. One fragment with relative molecular mass of 2057Da was found retaining immunoactivity.

Measurement of the isospin-filtering dd → 4He K+K- reaction at Q = 39 MeV

The total cross-section for the dd → 4HeK+K− reaction has been measured at a beam momentum of 3.7GeV/c, corresponding to an excess energy of 39MeV, which is the maximum possible atthe Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich. A deuterium cluster-jet target and the ANKE forward magnetic spectrometer, placed inside the storage ring, have been employed in this investigation. We find a total cross-section of σtot < 14 pb, which brings into question the viability of investigating the dd → 4He a0(980)reaction as a means of studying isospin violation.

Evidence of N-*(1535) resonance contribution in the pn -> d phi reaction

The N ∗(1535) resonance contributions to the pn → dφ reaction are evaluated in an effective Lagrangian model. The π-, η-, and ρ-meson exchange are considered. It is shown that the contributions from π- and ρ-meson exchange are dominant, while the contribution from η-meson exchange is negligibly small. Our theoretical results reproduce the experimental data of both total cross section and angular distribution well. This is more evidence that the N ∗(1535) resonance has a large s ¯s component leading to a large coupling to Nφ, which may be the real origin of the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule violation in the πN and pN reactions.

N*(1535) contribution in pp -> pp eta ' and pn -> d phi

In an effective Lagrangian model we find that the N*(1535) resonance contribution might be important to the interpretation of the present data of the pp -> pp eta' and pn -> d phi reactions. The strong coupling strength of N*(1.535) to eta' and phi are indicated, and the possible implication to the intrinsic component of N*(1535) is explored. These results may provide hints to the real origin of the OZI rule violation. It is stressed that further measurements could be performed at the Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) at Lanzhou of China.

Isospin-symmetry breaking effects on the strange electric and magnetic form factors of the nucleon

We examine the electric and magnetic strange form factors of the nucleon in the pseudoscalar-vector SU(3) Skyrme model, with special emphasis on the effects of isospin symmetry breaking (ISB). It is found that ISB has a nontrivial effect on the strange vector form factors of the nucleon and its contribution to the nucleon strangeness is significantly larger than one might naively expect. Our calculations and discussions may be of some significance for the experimental extraction of the authentic strangeness.

Relativistic Continuum Random Phase Approximation and Applications II. Applications

The fully consistent relativistic continuum random phase approximation (RCRPA) has been constructed in the momentum representation in the first part of this paper. In this part we describe the numerical details for solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The numerical results are checked by the inverse energy weighted sum rules in the isoscalar giant monopole resonance, which are obtained from the constraint relativistic mean field theory and also calculated with the integration of the RCRPA strengths. Good agreement between the misachieved. We study the effects of the self-consistency violation, particularly the currents and Coulomb interaction to various collective multipole excitations. Using the fully consistent RCRPA method, we investigate the properties of isoscalar and isovector collective multipole excitations for some stable and exotic from light to heavy nuclei. The properties of the resonances, such as the centroid energies and strength distributions are compared with the experimental data as well as with results calculated in other models.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of aspirin

Molar heat capacities (C-p,C-m) of aspirin were precisely measured with a small sample precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 383 K. No phase transition was observed in this temperature region. The polynomial function of Cp, vs. T was established in the light of the low-temperature heat capacity measurements and least square fitting method. The corresponding function is as follows: for 78 Kless than or equal toTless than or equal to383 K, C-p,C-m/J mol(-1) K-1=19.086X(4)+15.951X(3)-5.2548X(2)+90.192X+176.65, [X=(T-230.50/152.5)]. The thermodynamic functions on the base of the reference temperature of 298.15 K, {DeltaH(T)-DeltaH(298.15)} and {S-T-S-298.15}, were derived.

Characterization of the acid sites in dealuminated nanosized HZSM-5 zeolite with the probe molecule trimethylphosphine

The acid sites in dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolite with crystal sizes down to the nanoscale were firstly characterized by the probe molecule trimethylphosphine (TMP). As evidenced by the combination of P-31 CP/MAS NMR, Al-27 MAS and H-1 --> Al-27 CP/MAS NMR measurements, the Bronsted acid sites of both microsized and nanosized HZSM-5 could be decreased upon the dealumination of zeolitic framework after hydrothermal treatment. At the same time, the appearance of Lewis acid sites was observed. The dealuminated nanosized HZSM-5 is easier to form Lewis acid sites than microsized HZSM-5, and the type of Lewis acid sites in nanosized HSM-5 is more than one. In addition, the origin of Lewis acid sites is mainly associated with the aluminum at ca. 30 ppm, in the Al-27 MAS NMR spectra, and only a part of which in the dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolite acts as Lewis acid sites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Molybdenum containing surface complex for olefin epoxidation

Silica-supported molybdenum surface complexes were prepared by the reaction between (N=) Mo(OtBu)(3) and silica via displacement of the tert-butoxy ligands for siloxyls from the silica surface. The structure of the surface molybdenum complexes was well defined by in-situ FT-IR, elemental analysis, H-1 NMR and C-13 CP/MAS NMR techniques. The surface complexes could undergo alcoholysis reaction with CD3OD and CH3OH in the same way as free (N =) Mo(OtBu)(3) and they show high catalytic activity and selectivity in olefin epoxidation. Initial rates up to 24.9 mmol epoxide (mmol Mo)(-1) min(-1) were achieved in the epoxidation of cyclohexene using TBHP as oxidant.

Synthesis and spectroscopic study of mesoporous aluminum methylphosphonate foam templated by dibutyl methylphosphonate

New types of templates and novel interactive mechanisms between template and framework are very important for creating porous materials. In this work, by using neutral dibutyl methylphosphonate as a template, an inorganic-organic hybrid mesoporous material, aluminum methylphosphonate, was prepared. The as-synthesized material was studied by P-31 magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), Al-27 MAS NMR, C-13 CP/MAS, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and transmission electron microscopy. After thermal treatment at 673 K and 10 mmHg for 2 h, hybrid mesoporous foam was obtained. The transformation process was investigated by FT-IR. TG-DTA results indicate that the methyl group bonded to the framework keeps intact up to 792 K under air and 823 K under nitrogen. The characterization results from nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption measurements show that the BET surface area and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda desorption cumulative pore volume of the foam are 90 m(2) g(-1) and 0.32 cm(3) g(-1) respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Study on the multiple sites binding of human serum albumin and porphyrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis

Equations to describe the two sites binding between proteins and ligands were deduced. According to these equations, not only the binding constants, but also the mole fraction of proteins in different forms could be obtained. Using the published data on the interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and three kinds of porphyrin (coproporphyrin (CP), uroporphyrin I (UP) and protoporphyrin (PP)), a further study on their binding was carried out. It was concluded that there may exist two binding sites with the binding constants at the first site. proved to be the preferential one, being 6.50 x 10(5) 1.94 x 10(6) and 8.94 x 10(5). respectively. In addition. it was also demonstrated that the two binding sites of HSA with CP and UP might be of different kinds, though those of HSA and PP were of the same kind but at different positions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

连栽杉木(Cunninghamialancelata(Lamb)Hook)林中树桩分解过程中的化学组分变化趋势

采用以空间代替时间的方法,对连栽杉木(Cunninghamialancelata(Lamb)Hook)人工林中采伐剩余树桩的分解过程进行了研究.根据Olson的分解模型,计算出连栽杉木纯林中树桩的分解速率为0.02695,树桩在分解过程中的前2年是一个氮素增加积累过程,当杉木树桩的C/N在463.2±27.3时开始净氮释放.树桩磷含量的变化与氮变化模式相类似,但钾的表现不同,钾的含量在树桩分解过程中一直是单调降低.利用固体高分辨核磁共振技术结合魔角旋转(MAS)和交叉极化(CP)技术,研究了杉木树桩的腐殖化过程及碳结构的变化.树桩中由纤维素和半纤维素组成的多糖碳和乙缩醛被首先分解,而由蜡质和表皮素等化合物组成的烷基碳,由酚类、木质素、单宁和石蜡等化合物组成的芳香族碳,及由酯、有机酸、酮和醛等化合物组成的羧基碳的分解速度较多糖碳和乙缩醛慢.