147 resultados para Sclerolobium paniculatum var. rubiginosum
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青稞(Hordeum vulgare L.varnudum Hook.f.),即裸大麦,是兼食用、饲用和酿造于一体的作物,有着重要的利用价值。淀粉是青稞籽粒中含量最多、最重要的碳水化合物,淀粉含量、直支淀粉比将会直接影响淀粉的功能特性,进而影响淀粉的应用领域。我国青藏高原青稞的栽培和食用历史悠久,特色青稞资源极其丰富。目前关于青藏高原青稞淀粉特性的报道还不多见,筛选和培育特色淀粉青稞利于拓展青稞的应用领域, 从而提高其经济价值。 本研究以114份青藏高原青稞品种(系)为实验材料,通过SDS-PAGE对材料的胚乳淀粉颗粒结合蛋白(SGAPs)进行分离,确定各蛋白的分子量大小、组合类型和多态性等。然后按照国标法测试材料的籽粒总淀粉含量和直链淀粉含量,通过微型糊化粘度仪分析相应的淀粉糊化特性,最后使用显微镜观察比较了青稞的淀粉颗粒形态特征。主要结果如下: 1、114种青稞中共分离出20种不同的SGAP条带,条带分子量为35.00~112.39 KDa,分布频率为12.28~97.37%。材料含有的SGAPs条带数从10到14不等,超过一半的材料含11种SGAP条带。20种条带形成16种组合类型,其中西藏地区青稞包含所有16个组合类型,四川地区青稞包含其中12个组合类型。青藏高原青稞籽粒淀粉颗粒结合蛋白的差异很大,遗传多样性丰富。 2、114份青稞的总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、直支淀粉比、峰值粘度、糊化温度和峰值温度的变幅分别为51.26~66.70%、14.64~29.74%、0.17~0.42、194~1135BU、58.8~65.2℃和81.4~92.4℃,相应的平均值分别为59.82%、23.60%、0.31、722.30BU、62.1℃和88.8℃。群体在总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、直支淀粉比、峰值粘度、糊化温度和峰值温度上的分布具有明显的正态性;所有胚乳淀粉体的淀粉粒都呈复粒结构。对西藏和四川的材料进行了分组比较, 两地区的青稞在直链淀粉含量和直支淀粉比上的差异达到显著水平。 3、筛选出18份具有特殊淀粉特性的青稞品种,其中5份材料的总淀粉含量超过65%,包括NB63-1、NB67、甘孜白六棱、98221-1和NB63;3份材料的直链淀粉含量大于29%,包括藏青85、藏青3号和喜马拉6号;8份材料的直支淀粉比小于0.25,包括99033-6、春青稞、阿坝330、Jan-03、米麦114、396、NB63-1和92013;7份材料的糊化温度低于60℃,同时材料的峰值粘度大于1000BU,并且峰值温度低于90℃,包括足捉春、Jan-03、阿坝330、米麦114、春青稞、20003和阿青5号。 4、各淀粉特性间存在高度相关性。直链淀粉含量和直支淀粉比与糊化温度成极显著正相关,与峰值粘度成极显著负相关,与A型淀粉粒数量和大小呈负相关。不同SGAPs组合的品种之间,淀粉含量和淀粉糊化特性间差异均达显著水平。SGAP2、SGAP5、SGAP6和SGAP7可能对籽粒直链淀粉含量、直支淀粉比和糊化温度有正向效应;SGAP3、SGAP9∼SGAP20可能对峰值粘度有正向效应。 本研究对青藏高原青稞淀粉资源进行了较为全面的评价,对该区青稞淀粉特性有了系统的认识。研究筛选出的特殊青稞品种可作为青稞育种和青稞淀粉工业应用的潜在资源,淀粉特性差异巨大的众多青稞品种也为拓宽青稞应用领域提供了丰富的资源保障。本研究对部分SGAPs在性质上的鉴定和功能上的初步推断为青稞材料的筛选提供了指导,也为品质育种提供了理论参考。 Hulless barley (naked barley, Hordeum vulgare L.) is a short- season, early maturing crop with a wide range of adaptation. It has been attracting more and more attention due to its superior nutrition and extensive industrial applications. Starch is the main ingredient in hulless barley seeds which makes up 65 percent of hulless barley’s dry weight. The ratio of the amylose/amylopectin and the size, shape, distribution of starch granules can affect the physico-chemical and functional properties of starch, which may turn affect its utilizations. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is located in southwestern China, is a typical area of vertical agricultural ecosystem and one of the barley origin centers with abundant hulless barley resources. There are little reports about hulless barley in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at present. To screen and cultivate some characteristic hulless barley can improve its value. An improved SDS-PAGE was used to identify SGAPs combination of 114 hulless barley varieties. Starch content (total starch and amylose starch) was determined according to the standard methods GB5006-85 and GB/T 15683 using PerkinElmer M341 Precision Automatic Polarimeter and UV spectrophotometer 755B respectively. The pasting properties were measured by BRABENDER Micrio Visco-Amylo- Graph 803201. The morphology of starch granules were observed and compared with Axioplan 2 Imaging light microscopy. The following were the results obtained: 1. There were 20 major SGAPs presented in 114 varieties, with the molecular weight ranged from 35.00 to 112.39 KDa, and the frequencies ranged from 12.28% to 97.37%. The number of SGAP bands in each accession varied from 10 to 14, more than half of the population had 11 bands. There were 16 distinct SGAP patterns in the 114 varieties, the Tibet hulless barley had all of the 16 types and the Sichuan hulless barley had 12 types. The results indicated the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau hulless barley had a polymorphism of the SGAPs. 2. The ranges of the total starch content, amylose content, Am/Ap, peak viscosity, pasting temperature and peak temperature of the 114 hulless barley were 51.26~66.70%,14.64~29.74%,0.17~0.42,194~1135BU,58.8~65.2 and 81.4℃~92.4, with an average of ℃59.82%, 23.60%, 0.31, 722.30BU, 62.1 and 88.8,℃℃ respectively. The distributions of the total starch content, amylose content, Am/Ap, peak viscosity, pasting temperature and peak temperature were visibly normal school. All of the amyloplasts in endosperm of varieties showed bimodal size distributions.The main starch properties of hulless barley from Tibet and Sichuan were separated and compared, the differences on amylose content and Am/Ap were obvious. 3. Eighteen accessions which had special starch properties were screened out. Five accessions with total starch content beyond 65%, including NB63-1, NB67, Ganzibailiuleng, 98221-1 and NB63; three accessions, Zangqing85, Zangqing3 and Ximala6, with the highest amylose content (>29%); five accessions with Am/Ap less than 0.25, including 99033-6, Chun Qingke, A Ba 330, Jan-03, Mi Mai114, 396, NB63-1 and 92013; seven accessions had a pasting temperature under 60, ℃meanwhile their peak viscosity beyond 1000BU and their peak temperature under 90℃,including Zu Cuochun, Jan-03, A Ba 330, Mi Mai 114, Chun Qingke, 20003 and A Qing 5. 4. There were high correlations between starch properties. Amylose content and Am/Ap were positively correlated to pasting temperature, negatively correlated to peak viscosity, negatively correlated to the number and granule size of A-type granule. Different SGAP combinations caused significant diversities in starch content and pasting properties. SGAP2, SGAP5, SGAP6 and SGAP7 may have positive effect on amylose content, Am/Ap and pasting temperature; SGAP3, SGAP9∼SGAP20 may have positive effect on peak viscosity. Our research made a comprehensive evaluation on the hulless barley starch from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we can get a systemic understanding. Some special accessions were screened out can be used on the hulless barley breeding lines and industries utilization.The combination of the SGAPs may become a criterion to evaluate the hulless barley endosperm starch quality. Consequently, the results will be good information for further studies on the hulless barley.
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在吉林省长白山地区模拟检测了大气CO2浓度升高对土壤氮循环关键过程的影响。试验采用完全随机区组设计的开顶箱系统模拟环境CO2和高浓度CO2,起始于1999年春。选取长白山特有树种长白松(Pinus sylvestris var.sylvestri-formu),种子播种于1999年5月份,萌芽后开始CO2熏蒸处理。CO2熏蒸处理始于每年4月末止于10月末。分别在2006年6月、8月和2007年6月采集土壤样品,并检测土壤硝化酶(NEA)、反硝化酶(DEA)和固氮酶活性。结果表明,高浓度C02使土壤硝化酶(NEA)活性显著提高,提高幅度2006年6月为30.3%,2006年8月为30.9%,2007年6月为11.3%;土壤反硝化酶活性(DEA)在2006年6月份(P<0.012)和2006年8月份(P<0.005)被C02浓度升高显著抑制;在整个研究过程中没有发现C02浓度升高对固氮酶活性产生显著影响。因此,本研究认为C02浓度升高显著影响了土壤硝化酶(NEA)和反硝化酶活性(DEA)。图3表1参44。
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在盆栽实验条件下通过生物接种技术 ,对豆科固氮树木刺槐进行联合共生体的人工构建 ,定量研究了VA菌根真菌、外生菌根真菌、根瘤菌不同组合情况下对刺槐生长的促进作用并对 3者之间的相互关系进行了探讨。研究表明外生菌根菌与内生菌根菌两者之间的混接具有增效作用 ;菌根菌与根瘤菌之间存在着协同增效作用。促进植株生长的最佳接菌组合是根瘤菌 ) 36 6 ) +VAR +毛边华锈伞 (H .mesophaseum 870 191)
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以科尔沁沙地典型固沙植物小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.5年生)和樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litrin,7年生)为研究对象,栽植于可渗漏式生长箱,应用TDR水分仪测定生长季节土壤水分变化,依据土壤水分平衡理论推算单位面积植被区的蒸散量。经2a研究,在相同栽植密度下(1m×1m),樟子松植被区土壤贮水量高于小叶锦鸡儿植被区;在不同栽植密度下,小叶锦鸡儿土壤贮水量以1m×2m密度区高于1m×1m密度区。生长季节单位面积土壤蒸散量以小叶锦鸡儿(1m×1m)最高,小叶锦鸡儿(1m×2m)其次,樟子松(1m×1m)最低。单丛/株蒸散量以小叶锦鸡儿(1m×2m)最高,小叶锦鸡儿(1m×1m)其次,樟子松(1m×1m)最低。在试验所涉及的特定年龄阶段,小叶锦鸡儿植被区蒸散耗水量高于樟子松区,土壤水分含量低于樟子松区。生产实践中应根据植物耗水特点选择适宜的固沙物种和栽植方式,以保证人工固沙植被区土壤水分的收支平衡。
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为探讨螯合剂对植物吸收重金属的影响,采用盆栽试验,研究了螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和柠檬酸(CA)对土壤重金属Cd的的的态的及的用的的的(Beta vulgaris var.cicla L)富集Cd能力的影响。结果表明:EDTA的添加比柠檬酸更显著增加了土壤重金属镉的的的态含量,同时提高了的用的的的茎的的富集系数和转运能力;施用螯合剂促进了Cd从的用的的的茎的菜部菜茎的的菜菜,的用的的的茎的含Cd量显著增加,EDTA的作用是柠檬酸的2~3倍。
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从流域产流规律及水土保持措施改变引起的土壤水分状况和流域蒸散发的变化等方面评价了黄土丘陵沟壑区泉家沟流域水土保持措施变化对流域水分生态环境的影响。结果表明:水土保持与生态建设过程改变了土地利用结构,对小流域水环境变迁具有很大的影响作用,主要表现在:减少地表径流量,径流模数1996~2000年平均较1980~1985年减少了36.1%;不同治理措施土壤水分状况不同,灌木林地、人工草地和乔木林地均存在深度和厚度不等的土壤"干层";不同地貌部位土壤储水差异很大,阴坡的水分环境优于阳坡,沟底优于峁顶,缓坡优于陡坡;林草措施对流域总蒸散量起着决定性作用,1991~1995年流域林草地面积达到最大,总蒸散量也达到最大,与治理初期相比,总蒸散量累计增加了56.3mm。
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通过调节B5培养基中的组分,研究了金钩南瓜组培根在五种营养元素(P、Mg、Fe、Cu、B)四个浓度梯度(1/2 B5、B5、3/2 B52、B5)培养下化感作用的响应模式以及对黑籽和金钩南瓜两种受体幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同营养元素对受体植物幼苗生长的影响不一致,与元素含量显著相关,而且依赖于受体选择。五种营养元素在亏缺(1/2 B5)和正常(B5)条件下南瓜组培根过滤液对受体植物幼苗生长均表现为抑制作用;而适量增加营养元素的条件下(3/2 B5和2 B5),一般表现为促进作用,但2 B5含量下,B元素导致金钩南瓜的自毒作用,而Fe能引发金钩南瓜组培根过滤液对黑籽南瓜的抑制作用。因此理论上初步得出P和Mg元素可以降低南瓜根系的毒害作用,而Fe、Cu和B元素对南瓜根系的化感调控作用与品种选择有关,这对调控施肥、降低设施农业中葫芦科作物的连作障碍具有一定的参考意义。
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黄芪是我国重要的传统大宗药材,以豆科紫云英属植物膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)或蒙古黄芪A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.Var.mongolicusBge.Hsiao.的干燥根系入药[1],具有补中益气、降压利尿、排脓消痈、脱毒生肌、滋养肌肤等多种功效,现代临床及药理研究证明,黄芪还有增强肌体免疫功能,促进抗体合成等作用,有关黄芪的药理活性及其有效成分已得到了较为深入的研究[2-4],随着黄芪市场需求量的增加,野生黄芪资源已难以满足需求,人工栽培黄芪受到重视,并且初具规模。田间栽培黄芪的营养特性和施肥管理是人工栽培质量和产量的理论基础。有关氮磷钾化肥用量及其比例对黄芪生长及产量的影响已有一些研究[5,6],但由于黄芪生长中的营养元素比例不平衡现象时常发生,至于某一种营养元素缺乏时黄芪的外观特征表现,目前尚未见报道,出现缺素症状时难以判断,限制对黄芪及时进行营养调控,对人工栽培黄芪的质量与产量产生影响。本研究的目的是研究黄芪生长中的营养缺乏时的外观表现特征和生理特性变化。本试验采用溶液培养的方法,在氮、磷、钾营养元素缺乏条件下,对黄芪的生长发育状况、营...
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通过对渭北黄土高原地区沟坡地土壤理化性质的分析和对当地社会经济状况的调查研究,应用层次分析法对沟坡地上地自然生产力和现实生产力进行了分析和评价。在分析过程中,把当地主要造林树种根系垂直分布特征及其根系抗旱性特性纳入了分析评价体系。结果表明,嘴头村和西坡村不同树种沟坡地上刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)的自然生产力属于中等稍微偏上水平,而山杏(Prunus armeniacia var.ansu)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)的自然生产力水平则较低。两地沟坡地上的现实生产力计算结果则证明刺槐和山杏两个树种表现出了较高的水平,具有较好的发展前途;而油松和侧柏的现实生产力水平则较低,其发展推广受到了限制。群众对沟坡开发治理的态度和对开发方案的认可对沟坡开发的成功起到了重要作用。
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通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区安塞纸坊沟沟沿线边缘植被特征的调查,共发现隶属26科的66个物种,其中豆科、禾本科和菊科物种分别占19.70%1、5.15%和13.64%;物种中出现最多的是多年生草本,其次依次是1年生草本、灌木、小灌木、乔木、藤本和小乔木,其中灌乔物种多为主要物种且多为当地优势灌木虎榛子和酸枣等,指示着研究区植被恢复的方向;调查植物种基本包含了陕北黄土高原森林草原带次生演替各个阶段的主要植物种,是研究区次生演替的一个缩影;从沟沿线边缘植被的分布看,灌木远多于草本,其中以灌木为主的沟沿线区段植被的宽度、盖度均比以草本为主的沟沿线区段大,沟沿线防蚀效益较好。
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建国 5 0年来 ,我国的耕作制度发生了翻天覆地的变化 ,耕作制度的改革有新的起点与突破 ,仅以占全世界 7%的耕地养活了占全世界 2 2 %的人口 ,取得了举世瞩目的成就。本文根据中国近几年耕作制度合理利用自然资源和社会资源 ,运用各种高新技术 ,实现农业持续、稳定和高效的增产 ,使农业生产各关联部门得以协调发展的实际 ,阐明了耕作制度的发展趋势 ,探讨了耕作制度在新形势下面临的挑战 ,研究了耕作技术发展的对策 ,可供同类地区研究者参考。
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在大量野外调查和标本整理的基础上 ,作者对陕西省壳斗科植物的分类与分布进行了系统研究。本文报道了新变种 3个 :太白槲栎 (QuercusalienaBl.var.taibaiensisW .H .Zhang)、陕西槲栎 (QuercusalienaBl.var.shaanxiensisW .H .Zhang)、星毛木包栎 (QuercusglanduliferaBl.var.stel latopilosaW .H .Zhang) ;新组合 2个 :城口青冈 (Cyclobalanopsisfargesii(Franch .)S.Z.QuetW .H .Zhang)、粉背青冈 (Cyclobalanopsishypargy rae(Seem .)W .H .Zhang) ;陕西省分布新记录 3个 :多穗石栎 (LithocarpuspolystachyusRehd.)、大叶栎 (QuercusgriffithiiHook.f.etThoms.)、长叶木包栎 (QuercusmonnulaY .C .HsuetH .W .Jen) ;同时 ,澄清了木包栎 (Q .glanduliferaBl.)命名上的一些问题
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杉木 (Cunninghamia lanceolata)与主要阔叶造林树种叶凋落物混合分解实验是用网袋法进行的。目的是检验“杉木叶凋落物与阔叶树叶凋落物混合分解时 ,杉木叶凋落物的分解速率和养分释放都可得到加强”这样一个假设。结果发现 ,杉木与火力楠 (Michelia macclurei var. sublanea)、桤木 (Alnus cremastogyne)叶凋落物混合分解时分解速率有较强的促进作用 ,而与红栲 (Castanopsishystrix)、樟树 (Cinnamomum camphora)、刺楸 (K alopanax pictus)、木荷 (Schima superba)叶凋落物分解时不存在相互作用。至于养分的释放 ,除与木荷叶凋落物混合分解时没有发现相互作用外 ,而与其它阔叶树种叶凋落物混合分解时或强或弱表现出促进作用 ,而且促进作用的强弱与阔叶树叶凋落物初始 N含量有一定的正相关关系。如果仅从阔叶树叶凋落物与杉木叶凋落物混合分解的作用形式和强弱来考虑选择杉木的伴生树种时 ,首选树种是桤木 ,其次是刺楸 ,再其次是火力楠、红栲 ,最后才是樟树和木荷。当然只依据此单一条件来选择混交树种还不科学。
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Qianyanzhou(QYZ) Ecological Station established in 1983 with an area of 204 hm~2 is affiliated to the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network.Before 1982,herbs had been dominant,sparsely dotted with shrubs.After 20-year restoration of the vegetation,the vegetation showed significant changes in both forest coverage and species diversity.Forest coverage had increased to 93.3% in 1999 from 0.4% in 1982.The vegetation could be broadly classified into two groups: artificial forest,accounting for the most percent,and natural secondary forest.These two groups could be subdivided into 12 types.Based on the 2003 field work,The authors studied plant community composition and vertical structure.The results were as follows: 1) On the study plots were there about 150 species,of which 100,49,and 47 grew in arbor layer and shrub layer and herb layer,respectively.Of 12 community types,the amount of species in shrub layer was larger than that of other two layers.As to the species richness in the different community types,Liquidambar formosana community showed the highest and Imperata cylindrical var.major community the least.The amount of species in arbor layer of artificial forest was smaller than those of natural Pinus massoniana forest,but no difference in understory.2) Loropetalum chinense,Quercus fabric and Vaccinium bracteatum were dominant shrub species with a wide distribution.Three ferns Woodwardia japonica、Dryopteris atrata and Dicrannepteris dichotoma were dominant herb species.Lianas were sparse,but Milletlia reticulata were found in all forest types.3) Up to now some natural regeneration species,such as Eurya muricata、Quercus fabri、Vaccinium bracteatum、Rhus chinensis、Adinandra bockiana,had grown in the arbor layer of artificial forests.Some herb species,such as Arundinella setosa、Miscanthus floridulus、Isachne globosa、Scirpus triqueter,which were dominant ones in the herb layer before the restoration of vegetation,disappeared now.4) The vertical structure of natural Pinus massoniana community and Liquidambar formosana community showed more complex comparing with artificial forests.For the artificial forests,the conifer and broad-leaves mixed forest had a more complex structure.In both natural Pinus(massoniana) community and Liquidambar formosana community,it was dominated by individuals with height of 3~4 m,while 10~12 m in the artificial forests.
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研究了苏云金杆菌以色列变种(Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis de Barjac,简称B.t.i)用于摇蚊幼虫(即红虫)防治的菌种发酵条件.结果表明,发酵时间为36 h,温度为30℃,摇床转速为250 rpm,三角瓶培养基量为50 mL时,B.t.i对红虫的毒力最强.