螺纹拧紧机机轴控制器的设计与实现

在现代工业生产过程中，螺纹联接由于稳定可靠、拆卸方便，而广泛应用于众多的机构装配当中。目前在中国，由于传统工艺和技术水平的原因，广泛应用在装配线上的是气动与液压扳手，其存在操作不方便、工人劳动强度大、效率低、角度和扭矩控制精度差，无法实现集中式管理等缺点。这也逐渐成为制约我国装备制造业发展的重要瓶颈。随着近几年装备制造业的飞速发展，对螺纹装配的效率和质量提出了更高的要求，自动螺纹拧紧机由于其装配效率高、控制精确、能够实现网络化等优点，逐渐应用于发动机、制冷压缩机、变速箱、机床、仪表等对螺纹拧紧的角度和位置精度要求很高的场合。但目前，我国所使用的自动螺纹拧紧机还完全依赖于国外，国内在自动螺纹拧紧机的研制和设计上才刚刚起步，同国外相比还存在着较大的差距。 本论文适应装备制造业的发展和自动螺纹拧紧设备市场的需要，根据现代螺纹拧紧理论与技术的发展情况，对自动螺纹拧紧机进行了深入研究。本论文结合嵌入式技术，设计出了基于嵌入式微控制器的螺纹拧紧机机轴控制器。 论文的第一部分介绍了自动螺纹拧紧机国内外发展现状，在此基础上，提出了本课题的研究目标与研究内容。 第二部分详细分析了现代螺纹拧紧理论。在此基础上，给出了在机轴控制器上实现精确预紧力控制的控制算法、包括紧固扭矩的计算、转角的计算、屈服点的计算等问题。同时，在扭矩控制中采用角度监视；在转角控制中采用扭矩监视；在屈服极限控制中采用扭矩监视和角度监视。可以自动对最终拧紧结果的有效性进行判断，从而实现有效、准确的螺纹多目标控制方式。本论文实现了扭矩控制/角度监视、转角控制/扭矩监视、屈服极限控制/扭矩、角度监视。 第三部分介绍了机轴控制器的硬件结构。本文采用美国Silicon Lab公司的C8051F040微控制器，使得成本大大降低。在硬件设计中采用大量可靠性设计，保证了螺纹拧紧机在复杂的工业环境下能够稳定工作。 第四部分介绍了机轴控制器的软件设计。在机轴控制软件的实现中，引入了嵌入式实时操作系统 C/OS-II。这部分首先将 C/OS-II移植到单片机C8051F040上，接着在 C/OS-II上完成整个机轴控制软件的编写。 C/OS-II的使用使得上层应用程序容易设计和扩展，提高了机轴控制软件的实时性。 实验证明，本文设计的基于嵌入式微控制器的螺纹拧紧机机轴控制器，控制精度较高、性能稳定、质量可靠、操作简便。在扭矩控制模式下，误差可以控制在5%以内；在屈服极限控制模式下，误差可以控制在15%以内。同时，由于在控制软件的设计中引入了嵌入式实时操作系统 C/OS-II, 使得该控制系统具有较好的扩展性和实时性。本设计进一步缩小了我国与国外同类产品的差距，因此，具有很好的市场发展前景。

基于以太网技术的ARCNET数据采集系统设计

为了解决ARCNET网络与以太网不兼容的问题,针对目前ARCNET网络设备监控管理系统存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于嵌入式TCP/IP协议的ARCNET数据采集与传输系统。分析了该数据采集系统的原理与结构,给出了系统的硬件设计方案,完成了数据采集与传输的软件结构设计和嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的建立。对系统的实时性、可靠性和应用效果等进行了测试,结果证明,系统使用方便,性能稳定,具有良好的实时性和可靠性,综合性能优于现有的ARCNET数据采集系统。

制丝线计划与调度系统研究与实现

首先分析了烟草行业制丝线的特点,然后针对制丝线的计划与调度问题,提出了基于规则的调度算法,最后依托于某烟厂制丝线项目,基于.Net技术完成了计划与调度系统的开发,该系统已经投入实际使用,很好地完成了制丝线计划与调度,提高了生产质量和生产效率。

新型托辊在线检测机床控制系统设计

本文介绍了一种新型托辊自动化装配线上的在线检测机床控制系统,对系统的硬件组态及控制功能作了主要描述。该机床的主要功能是对装配完成的托辊进行性能测试,并采集其性能参数,根据采集并处理后的数据来判定检测的产品是否合格。整个机床控制系统主要由SIMOTION运动控制系统、人机操作触摸屏、远程输入输出模块ET200M、数据采集传感器、到位检测开关、电源及控制回路等组成。

高可靠性红外车辆分离器设计与应用

本文给出了一种针对公路自动收费系统的车辆分离检测而设计的,利用红外线发射和接收所形成的光幕,完全消除跟车现象,并能将半挂车、全挂车、单车可靠分离的红外车辆分离器。高可靠性红外车辆分离器的设计很好克服了传统红外车辆分离器环境适应性差、故障率高等缺点。本文还介绍了光幕形成的基本原理,并阐述了硬件关键点及实现方法,给出了系统硬件原理图、软件基本设计思想。

基于DSP的烟支在线检测及调整系统

针对高速卷接机组检测电路结构复杂,检测和调整相对滞后的问题,基于烟支质量检测的基本原理,设计开发了基于DSP的烟支质量检测及智能调整系统。本文讨论了该系统硬件和软件的设计思想及系统的组成结构,对该系统的各个模块的功能及实现方法进行了详尽的描述。通过对高速卷接机组工作过程进行在线检测,实现对烟支质量的控制及不合格烟支的剔除,做到实时智能处理,保证了烟支的质量。

新型汽车变速箱压装机控制系统的设计

文章介绍了一种新型汽车变速箱压装机控制系统的设计,对系统的硬件组态及控制功能作了主要描述。汽车变速箱压装机是汽车变速箱装配流水线上的一台机电一体化专用自动装配设备,该机除具有自动压装功能、自动检测报警功能外,还能与装配管理系统联网,实现网络化管理与控制功能。整个系统采用了SLC500可编程控制器、触摸屏、安全光幕控制器等控制部件,为机床提供了安全可靠的装配质量保证。

基于事件的制造执行系统平台关键技术研究与实现

制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System，MES)是现代信息技术在车间管理中应用的体现，是位于上层的计划管理系统与底层的工业控制之间的面向车间生产的管理信息系统。本文从分析制造执行系统的技术现状与发展趋势入手，针对目前制造执行系统中存在的严重影响企业车间生产管理快速发展的瓶颈问题，提出了具有自主知识产权的制造执行系统平台，并研究了平台的若干关键技术。 制造执行系统平台的体系结构是整个系统的基础，只有充分考虑车间生产管理的具体情况，根据相应的理论才能搭建起整个平台的框架，才能更好地为企业信息化服务。针对当前制造执行系统通用性不强、实时性不高、开发成本过高等问题，提出了一种制造执行系统平台体系架构。 制造执行系统平台的过程建模技术是MES平台开发的一个重要环节，论文在分析了传统建模技术的基础上，参照实际生产的特点，提出了基于生产事件驱动的生产过程建模技术。构建了基于生产事件驱动的离散装配过程模型和混合加工过程模型，并通过实例验证了该模型能够实现对生产过程的优化与分析。 基础服务在MES平台系统后台运行，所有业务处理都是通过平台各个服务协作完成的。为了各个服务间协调工作，提出了基于工作流的基础服务运行机制。应用工作流技术建立起基础服务的模型，并确立其工作机制，为平台的稳定工作提供了有力的支持。 制造执行系统平台的对事件处理能力是平台的关键性能指标，针对这一问题，提出了并行生产事件调度算法。该平台属于软实时系统，在研究相应调度算法基础上，提出了基于抢占式优先级并行调度算法，并就最大执行时间(Worst Case Execution Time，WCET)的确定，提出了包含依赖输入的符号化WCET分析方法。 在研究了制造执行系统平台关键技术的基础上，实现了平台的设计与开发，并针对装配行业和烟草行业进行了应用。

基于CAN总线的分布式数据采集与控制系统

随着电子技术和计算机技术的不断发展，工业生产过程的控制系统正在向着智能化、数字化和网络化的方向发展。传统的集散控制方式和计算机分层控制方式已经开始让位于智能终端与网络结合的总线网络控制方式。当今，在工厂中过程控制环境下的分布式自动化系统变得越来越复杂，尤其系统内部的各设备之间需要快速交换大量的信息，以便实现对被控系统更为精确的控制和提供一些辅助的评价函数。这就意味着要不断增加带宽和提高通信速率以满足网络通信的需要。在现有的多种可利用网络设备中，CAN总线以其清晰的定义、极高的可靠性及其独特的设计，被认为是最能有效地解决这一问题的途径之一。而且市场上基于通信技术的产品中，就实时性考虑，由于CAN总线采用的非表意性的通信方式，因此其结构更为简单，实时性更好。基于此背景，我们以CAN总线作为通信媒介，将分布于各控制现场的传感器、执行器和控制器有序地连接起来，构成了一个基于CAN总线的分布式局域网络控制系统。本文首先介绍了基于CAN总线的分布式数据采集与控制系统的总体结构。然后从硬件方面描述了基于CAN总线的通信协议转换单元、数据采集单元和输出控制单元的功能、硬件配置及各单元功能的具体实现过程，给出了各单元的性能指标。软件方面，以C语言作为平台，开发了基于CAN总线的上位计算机管理与监控软件，实现了对整个网络设备的系统管理和系统控制功能。对于该总线系统，作者运用了PID控制和模糊控制算法实现了对水箱液位的控制，达到了理想的效果。基于CAN总线的控制系统很好地解决了集散控制系统难以解决的难题，模糊控制的应用能很好地把总线控制系统应用到具有非线性、大时滞和难于获得精确模型的控制系统中。

地质导向钻井关键技术及方法

On the basis of analyzing the principle and realization of geo-steering drilling system, the key technologies and methods in it are systematically studied in this paper. In order to recognize lithology, distinguish stratum and track reservoirs, the techniques of MWD and data process about natural gamma, resistivity, inductive density and porosity are researched. The methods for pre-processing and standardizing MWD data and for converting geological data in directional and horizontal drilling are discussed, consequently the methods of data conversion between MD and TVD and those of formation description and adjacent well contrast are proposed. Researching the method of identifying sub-layer yields the techniques of single well explanation, multi-well evaluation and oil reservoir description. Using the extremum and variance clustering analysis realizes logging phase analysis and stratum subdivision and explanation, which provides a theoretical method and lays a technical basis for tracing oil reservoirs and achieving geo-steering drilling. Researching the technique for exploring the reservoir top with a holdup section provides a planning method of wellpath control scheme to trace oil and gas reservoir dynamically, which solves the problem of how to control well trajectory on condition that the layer’s TVD is uncertain. The control scheme and planning method of well path for meeting the demands of target hitting, soft landing and continuous steering respectively provide the technological guarantee to land safely and drill successfully for horizontal, extended-reach and multi-target wells. The integrative design and control technologies are researched based on geology, reservoir and drilling considering reservoir disclosing ratio as a primary index, and the methods for planning and control optimum wellpath under multi-target restriction, thus which lets the target wellpath lie the favorite position in oil reservoir during the process of geo-steering drilling. The BHA (bottomhole assembly) mechanical model is discussed using the finite element method, and the BHA design methods are given on the basis of mechanical analyses according to the shape of well trajectory and the characteristics of BHA’s structure and deformation. The methods for predicting the deflection rate of bent housing motors and designing their assemblies are proposed based on the principle of minimum potential energy, which can clearly show the relation between the BHA’s structure parameters and deflection rate, especially the key factors’ effect to the deflection rate. Moreover, the interaction model between bit and formation is discussed through the process of equivalent formation and equivalent bit considering the formation anisotropy and bit anisotropy on the basis of analyzing the influence factors of well trajectory. Accordingly, the inherence relationship among well trajectory, formation, bit and drilling direction is revealed, which lays the theory basis and technique for predicting and controlling well trajectory.

整合多尺度地球物理数据建立高分辨率储层模型的方法及应用

Most of the fields in China are in the middle-late development phase or are mature fields. It becomes more and more difficult to develop the remaining oil/gas. Therefore, it is import to enhance oil/gas recovery in order to maintain the production. Fine scale modeling is a key to improve the recovery. Incorporation of geological, seismic and well log data to 3D earth modeling is essential to build such models. In Ken71 field, well log, cross-well seismic and 3D seismic data are available. A key issue is to build 3D earth model with these multi-scales data for oil field development.In this dissertation, studies on sequential Gaussian-Bayesian simulation have been conducted. Its comparison with cokriging and sequential Gaussian simulation has been performed. The realizations generated by sequential Gaussian-Bayesian simulation have higher vertical resolution than those generated by other methods. Less differences between these realization and true case are observed. With field data, it is proved that incorporating well log, cross-well seismic and 3D seismic into 3D fine scale model is reliable. In addition, the advantages of sequential Gaussian-Bayesian simulation and conditions for input data are demonstrated. In Ken71 field, the impedance difference between sandstone and shale is small. It would be difficult to identify sandstone in the reservoir with traditional impedance inversion. After comparisons of different inversion techniques, stochastic hillclimbing inversion was applied. With this method, shale content inversion is performed using 3D seismic data. Then, the inverted results of shale content and well log data are incorporated into 3D models. This demonstrates a procedure to build fine scale models using multi scale seismic data, especially 3D seismic amplitude volume.The models generated through sequential Gaussian-Bayesian simulation have several advantages including: (1) higher vertical resolution compared with 3D inverted acoustic impedance (AI); (2) consistency of lateral variation as 3D inverted AI; (3) more reliability due to integration cross-well seismic data. It is observed that the precision of the model depends on the 3D inversion.

Pg震相走时的各向异性影响及各向异性结构成像

As the first arrival of seismic phase in deep seismic sounding, Pg is the important data for studying the attributes of the sedimentary layers and the shape of crystalline basement because of its high intensity and reliable detection. Conventionally, the sedimentary cover is expressed as isotropic, linear increasing model in the interpretation of Pg event. Actually, the sedimentary medium should be anisotropic as preferred cracks or fractures and thin layers are common features in the upper crust, so the interpretation of Pg event needs to be taken account of seismic velocity anisotropy. Traveltime calculation is the base of data processing and interpretation. Here, we only study the type of elliptical anisotropy for the poor quality and insufficiency of DSS data. In this thesis, we first investigate the meaning of elliptical anisotropy in the study of crustal structure and attribute, then derive Pg event’s traveltime-offset relationship by assuming a linear increasing velocity model with elliptical anisotropy and present the invert scheme from Pg traveltime-offset dataset to seismic velocity and its anisotropy of shallow crustal structure. We compare the Pg traveltime calculated by our analytic formula with numerical calculating method to test the accuracy. To get the lateral variation of elliptical anisotropy along the profiling, a tomography inversion method with the derived formula is presented, where the profile is divided into rectangles. Anisotropic imaging of crustal structure and attribute is efficient method for crust study. The imaging result can help us interprete the seismic data and discover the attribute of the rock to analyze the interaction between layers. Traveltime calculation is the base of image. Base on the ray tracing equations, the paper present a realization of three dimension of layer model with arbitrary anisotropic type and an example of Pg traveltime calculation in arbitrary anisotropic type is presented. The traveltime calculation method is complex and it only adapts to nonlinear inversion. Perturbation method of travel-time calculation in anisotropy is the linearization approach. It establishes the direct relation between seismic parameters and travetime and it is fit for inversion in anisotropic structural imaging. The thesis presents a P-wave imaging method of layer media for TTI. Southeastern China is an important part of the tectonic framework concerning the continental margin of eastern China and is commonly assumed to comprise the Yangtze block and the Cathaysia block, the two major tectonic units in the region. It’s a typical geological and geophysical zone. In this part, we fit the traveltime of Pg phase by the raytracing numerical method. But the method is not suitable here because the inefficiency of numerical method and the method itself. By the analytic method, we fit the Pg and Sg and get the lateral variation of elliptical anisotropy and then discuss its implication. The northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is typical because it is the joint area of Eurasian plate and Indian plate and many strong earthquakes have occurred there in recent years．We use the Pg data to get elliptical anisotropic variation and discuss the possible meaning.

奇异性分析方法及其在储层预测中的应用研究

In research field of oil geophysical prospecting, reservoir prediction is refers to forecasting physical properties of petroleum reservoir by using data of seismic and well logging, it is a research which can guide oil field development. Singularities of seismic and logging data are caused by the heterogeneity of reservoir physical property. It's one of important methods that using singularity characteristics of seismic and logging data to study the reservoir physical property in recently. Among them, realization of reservoir quantitative prediction by analyzing singularity of the data and enhancing transition description of data is difficulty in method research. Based on wavelet transform and the fractal theory, the paper studied the singularity judgment criterion for seismic and logging data, not only analyzed quantitative relation between singularity data and reservoir physical property, but also applied it in practical reservoir prediction. The main achievements are: 1. A new method which provides singular points and their strength information estimation at only one single scale is proposed by Herrmann (1999). Based on that, the dissertation proposed modified algorithm which realized singularity polarity detection. 2. The dissertation introduced onset function to generalize the traditional geologic boundaries variations model which used singularity characteristics to represent the abruptness of the lithologic velocity transition. We show that singularity analysis reveals generic singularity information conducted from velocity or acoustic impedance to seismogram based on the convolution seismic-model theory. Theory and applications indicated that singularity information calculated from seismic data was a natural attribute for delineating stratigraphy boundaries due to its excellent ability in detecting detailed geologic features. We demonstrated that singularity analysis was a powerful tool to delineate stratigraphy boundaries and inverse acoustic impedance and velocity. 3. The geologic significances of logging data singularity information were also presented. According to our analysis, the positions of singularities indicate the sequence stratigraphic boundary, and there is subtle relationship between the singularity strength and sedimentary environment, meanwhile the singularity polarity used to recognize stratigraphic base-level cycle. Based on all those above, a new method which provided sedimentary cycle analysis based on the singularity information of logging data in multiple scales was proposed in this dissertation. This method provided a quantitative tool for judging interface of stratum sequence and achieved good results in the actual application.

HHT在电磁信号处理中的应用

In modem signal Processing，non－linear，non－Gaussian and non－stable signals are usually the analyzed and Processed objects，especially non－stable signals. The convention always to analyze and Process non－stable signals are： short time Fourier transform，Wigner－Ville distribution，wavelet Transform and so on. But the above three algorithms are all based on Fourier Transform，so they all have the shortcoming of Fourier Analysis and cannot get rid of the localization of it. Hilbert－Huang Transform is a new non－stable signal processing technology，proposed by N. E. Huang in 1998. It is composed of Empirical Mode Decomposition (referred to as EMD) and Hilbert Spectral Analysis (referred to as HSA). After EMD Processing，any non－stable signal will be decomposed to a series of data sequences with different scales. Each sequence is called an Intrinsic Mode Function (referred to as IMF). And then the energy distribution plots of the original non－stable signal can be found by summing all the Hilbert spectrums of each IMF. In essence，this algorithm makes the non－stable signals become stable and decomposes the fluctuations and tendencies of different scales by degrees and at last describes the frequency components with instantaneous frequency and energy instead of the total frequency and energy in Fourier Spectral Analysis. In this case，the shortcoming of using many fake harmonic waves to describe non－linear and non－stable signals in Fourier Transform can be avoided. This Paper researches in the following parts： Firstly，This paper introduce the history and development of HHT，subsequently the characters and main issues of HHT. This paper briefly introduced the basic realization principles and algorithms of Hilbert－Huang transformation and confirms its validity by simulations. Secondly, This paper discuss on some shortcoming of HHT. By using FFT interpolation, we solve the problem of IMF instability and instantaneous frequency undulate which are caused by the insufficiency of sampling rate. As to the bound effect caused by the limitation of envelop algorithm of HHT, we use the wave characteristic matching method, and have good result. Thirdly, This paper do some deeply research on the application of HHT in electromagnetism signals processing. Based on the analysis of actual data examples, we discussed its application in electromagnetism signals processing and noise suppression. Using empirical mode decomposition method and multi-scale filter characteristics can effectively analyze the noise distribution of electromagnetism signal and suppress interference processing and information interpretability. It has been founded that selecting electromagnetism signal sessions using Hilbert time-frequency energy spectrum is helpful to improve signal quality and enhance the quality of data.

改善三维波动方程叠前深度偏移处理效果的方法研究

3D wave equation prestack depth migration is the effective tool for obtaining the exact imaging result of complex geology structures. It's a part of the 3D seismic data processing. 3D seismic data processing belongs to high dimension signal processing, and there are some difficult problems to do with. They are: How to process high dimension operators? How to improve the focusing? and how to construct the deconvolution operator? The realization of 3D wave equation prestack depth migration, not only realized the leap from poststack to prestack, but also provided the important means to solve the difficult problems in high dimension signal processing. In this thesis, I do a series research especially for the solve of the difficult problems around the 3D wave equation prestack depth migration and using it as a mean. So this thesis service for the realization of 3D wave equation prestack depth migration for one side and improve the migration effect for another side. This thesis expatiates in five departs. Summarizes the main contents as the follows: In the first part, I have completed the projection from 3D data point area to low dimension are using de big matrix transfer and trace rearrangement, and realized the liner processing of high dimension signal. Firstly, I present the mathematics expression of 3D seismic data and the mean according to physics, present the basic ideal of big matrix transfer and describe the realization of five transfer models for example. Secondly, I present the basic ideal and rules for the rearrange and parallel calculate of 3D traces, and give a example. In the conventional DMO focusing method, I recall the history of DM0 process firstly, give the fundamental of DMO process and derive the equation of DMO process and it's impulse response. I also prove the equivalence between DMO and prestack time migration, from the kinematic character of DMO. And derive the relationship between DMO base on wave equation and prestack time migration. Finally, I give the example of DMO process flow and synthetic data of theoretical models. In the wave equation prestak depth migration, I firstly recall the history of migration from time to depth, from poststack to prestack and from 2D to 3D. And conclude the main migration methods, point out their merit and shortcoming. Finally, I obtain the common image point sets using the decomposed migration program code.In the residual moveout, I firstly describe the Viterbi algorithm based on Markov process and compound decision theory and how to solve the shortest path problem using Viterbi algorithm. And based on this ideal, I realized the residual moveout of post 3D wave equation prestack depth migration. Finally, I give the example of residual moveout of real 3D seismic data. In the migration Green function, I firstly give the concept of migration Green function and the 2D Green function migration equation for the approximate of far field. Secondly, I prove the equivalence of wave equation depth extrapolation algorithms. And then I derive the equation of Green function migration. Finally, I present the response and migration result of Green function for point resource, analyze the effect of migration aperture to prestack migration result. This research is benefit for people to realize clearly the effect of migration aperture to migration result, and study on the Green function deconvolution to improve the focusing effect of migration.