干扰RNA(RNAi)作用机理及其在植物细胞工程中的应用进展

随着RNAi调控目的基因表达机理研究的深入,RNAi技术也发展为一种强有力的实验工具,用来控制目的基因的表达以获取预期的生物表型。目前在植物中至少发现存在三种不同的RNAi途径,这些途径中基因沉默信号可以放大、传递和自我调控。为了建立高效、经济的RNAi技术体系,必须解决以下几个问题:即RNAi的有效传递,稳定性的提高,非目标效应出现的减小以及目标RNA敏感位点的确定等。综述了RNAi作用机制及其在植物细胞工程中的最新应用进展,并详细探讨了其技术体系。

Kinetic study on the photo-catalytic degradation of pyridine in TiO2 suspension systems

It has been generally agreed that pyridine can be effectively mineralized in aerated TiO2 slurries using near-UV irradiation. The knowledge on the kinetics of the system possesses both practical and theoretical values. The present study, on the base of Langmuir-Hinshewood mechanism, illustrates a pseudo first-order kinetic model of the degradation with the limiting rate constant of 3.004 mg l(-1) min(-1) and equilibrium adsorption constant 2.763 x 10(-2) l mg(-1), respectively. The degradation efficiency in alkali is a little higher than that in acid with a minimum at about pH = 5, which is explained by the formation of acid-pyridine in acidic surrounding together with the amphoteric nature of the TiO2 surface. The promotion of H2O2 on the photo-degradation ties in its supplying proper amount of (OH)-O-. radicals for the inducement stage before surface redox reactions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Degradation mechanism of polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane and application of its composite membranes in fuel cells

The lifetime behavior of a H-2/O-2 proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) membrane have been investigated in order to give an insight into the degradation mechanism of the PSSA membrane. The distribution of sulfur concentration in the cross section of the PSSA membrane was measured by energy dispersive analysis of X-ray, and the chemical composition of the PSSA membrane was characterized by infrared spectroscopy before and after the lifetime experiment. The degradation mechanism of the PSSA membrane is postulated as: the oxygen reduction at the cathode proceeds through some peroxide intermediates during the fuel cell operation, and these intermediates have strong oxidative ability and may chemically attack the tertiary hydrogen at the a carbon of the PSSA; the degradation of the PSSA membrane mainly takes place at the cathode side of the cell, and the loss of the aromatic rings and the SO3- groups simultaneously occurs from the PSSA membrane. A new kind of the PSSA-Nafion composite membrane, where the Nafion membrane is bonded with the PSSA membrane and located at the cathode of the cell, was designed to prevent oxidation degradation of the PSSA membrane in fuel cells. The performances of fuel cells with PSSA-Nafion101 and PSSA-recast Nafion composite membranes are demonstrated to be stable after 835 h and 240 h, respectively.

果树组织中总RNA提取的新方法

本研究设计了一种新的RNA提取方法 ,解决了RNA提取时容易被降解和污染这一关键问题。通过加入Rnase抑制剂 ,消除了同外源RNase对RNA的降解 ,结合DNA难呈低盐溶液(140mmol·L -1NaCl)的原理 ,去除了DNA对RNA提取液的污染 ;先后使用酚和氯仿 ,有效地去除了蛋白质和酚类物的污染 ,利用抗氧化剂PVP和巯基乙醇 ,消除了内源酚类物质氧化变色对病毒RNA逆转录的影响。采用上述方法可以在4～5h内得到纯度高、含量大、完整性好的果树总RNA ,并获得了逆转录活性较强的病毒RNA ,同时使提取RNA的成本降低。这些方法对苹果、葡萄、桃、樱桃等果树总RNA的提取均适用。