Gas-phase isothermal chromatography with short-lived technetium isotopes

In order to study the gas-phase chemical behavior of transactinides, an on-line isothermal chromatography apparatus has been developed and applied to separate short-lived technetium isotopes in the form of TcO3 from fission products. The fission products from a Cf-252 source were continuously and rapidly transported through the capillary to the isothermal chromatography apparatus using the N-2/KBr gas-jet techniques. Volatile oxide molecules were formed at the reaction zone kept at 900 degrees C since a trace amount of oxygen existed in the N-2 carrier gas. With the new developed isothermal chromatography apparatus, a selective separation of Tc from fission products was achieved. After isothermal chromatographic separation, Tc-101,Tc-103,Tc-104,Tc-105,Tc-106,Tc-107,Tc-108 were dominantly observed together with their Ru daughters in the gamma-spectrum, The chemical yields of Tc-101, and Tc-104 and Tc-105 isotopes with longer half-lives are about 55-57%, and those of Tc-103, Tc-106 and Tc-108 isotopes with shorter half-lives dropped down to 25-28%. The adsorption enthalpy of the investigated compounds on quartz surfaces was determined to be -150 +/- 5 kJ/mol by fitting the measured retention curves with a Monte Carlo model. The observed species of technetium oxide is attributed to TcO3, which is in good agreement with previous experimental results. That means our system worked properly and it can be used to investigate the gas-phase chemical behavior of transactinides.

石英管对中低能电子束的导向作用研究

本工作研究了四种不同形状和尺寸的石英管对1100eV、1300eV、1500eV三种能量电子束的导向作用，并把四种实验结果进行了分析对比。四种石英管分别为等径圆柱形弯曲管、等径圆柱形直管、直锥形管以及弯曲锥形管，它们的内径均在毫米量级。实验中利用一个位置灵敏法拉第筒对从石英管出射的电子束进行探测，获得从管道中出射的电子束流强度在位置灵敏法拉第筒各道上的强弱分布，其结果显示宏观尺寸石英管对电子束存在导向作用。对于等径圆柱形石英管，入射电子束流的强度越强，其导向作用越明显；然而对于锥形管，导向作用并不明显，且不随入射电子束流强度增加有明显的变化。此外，实验结果在一定程度上显示出石英管对中低能电子束的导向能力并不取决于管的形状。石英管导向能力与管的尺寸、形状及材料之间的关系还有待进一步的研究

辐射交联低烟无卤阻燃材料的研究

聚合物材料以其优异的电绝缘性能而广泛地用作电气绝缘材料。但聚合物材料易燃的缺点促使人们不断地对其进行阻燃性的研究，这种研究过程从添加卤素阻燃剂到非卤素化阻燃逐步完善。本文在阐述了聚合物材料燃烧特性及机理的基础上，介绍了几种常用的无卤阻燃剂的阻燃机理，并对氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和红磷等应用于聚烯烃复合体系的阻燃性进行了实验研究。结果表明：氢氧化镁的阻燃性优于氢氧化铝，它们达到较好的阻燃效果时的添加量一般为120-150phr。氢氧化镁与红磷复配使用在添加量为90phr时，氧指数为40，阻燃性能十分优秀。材料具有良好的阻燃性能。但与此同时材料的机械性能、电性能及加工性能等都将受到一定程度的破坏。经过选用偶联剂及进行辐射交联改性， 材料的机械性能令人满意。交联度及电气性能的实验。最终得到符合九五科技攻关项目“辐射交联低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆的研究”的预期目标。

八单元一维位置灵敏雪崩室

In the experiment of nuclear reaction, it is important to measure the mass, charge, energy and emitted direction of particles. For multiparameter measurement, we must use a detector or a group of detectors which can give the time, energy, and position information. The Large Area position sensitive Ionization Chamber(LAIC) is one of the eight experiment terminals of HIRFL. It is built for researching nuclear reactions from low energy to intermediate energy. It is an excellent equipment for energy measurements and atomic number identification of emitted fragments in this energy region. It is also designed to give the time and position information of the emitted fragments by itself. Obviously, an IC can not supply a good timing signal. Moreover, the mechanical installation is different from the original design by some other reasons. In this case, it is not enough to obtain the correct direction information of the emitted fragments. To obtain good timing signals and the correct direction information, some modifications must be made. It is well known that a PPAC can give us excellent timing signals. It also can be easily built as a position sensitive detector. For this reason, a specially designed PPAC is installed in the entrance of the LAIC. For the different purposes, two types of PPACs were designed and tested. Both are OCTPSACs (OCTunit one dimension Position Sensitive Avalanche Counter). In this paper, both OCTPSACs will be introduced. Based on the requirements of the LAIC, the OCTPSACs consist of eight position sensitive PPACs. Each PPAC has an anode and a cathode. In both cases, the sizes are same. But different type of cathodes are used. In one type of OCTPSAC, its cathode is made of wire plane. It consists of gold-plated tungsten wires with the diameter of 20μm, spaced 0.5 mm apart from each other. The anode is a mylar foil which was evaporated by gold layer with the thickness of 50μg/cm~2 mounted on a printed plate in the shape of rectangle. the thickness of mylar foil is 1.5μm. The gap between anode and cathode is 3mm. The performance of the OCTPSAC has been tested by using a ~(252)Cf source in flowing isobutylene gas at the pressure of 3.4mb. The intrinsic time resolution of 289ps and position resolution of 2 mm have been obtained. In another type of OCTPSAC, the cathode is made of mylar foil, which is composed of gold strip by vacuume evaporation method with a special mask on the mylar foil. The thickness and the width of the gold strip is 50μg/cm~2 and 1.7mm. The strips are spaced 0.3 mm apart from each other. The anode is the same as the former type. We have obtained the time resolution of 296ps and position resolution of 2mm by using ~(241)Am-a source when the gas pressure is 6 mb and high voltage is 600V. The working gas is heptane

辐射交联无卤阻燃绝缘材料的研究

聚合物材料以其优异的电绝缘性能而广泛地用作电气绝缘材料。但聚合物材料易燃的缺点促使人们不断地对其进行阻燃性的研究，这种研究过程从添加卤素阻燃剂到非卤素化阻燃逐步完善。本文在阐述了聚合物材料燃烧特性及机理的基础上，介绍了几种常用的无卤阻燃剂的阻燃机理，并对氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、红磷及膨胀型阻燃剂等应用于聚乙烯的阻燃进行了实验研究。结果表明：氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁在高添加量时（>150%）,材料具有良好的阻燃性能，但与此同时材料的机械性能、电性能及加工性能等都将受到一定程度的破坏；氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁混合使用时具有协同效应，红磷和氢氧化铝混合使用也具有很好的协同效果；膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）以较少的添加量（约20%）可使聚乙烯（PE）/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）共混物获得较好的阻燃性能（OI为28），但由于IFR的颗粒太大导致材料的机械性能损失很大，另外材料燃烧时发烟量高及滴流现象还无法解决。 辐射交联技术广泛应用于聚合物材料的改性处理。本文阐述了聚合物辐射交联的一些规律，并研究了电子束辐照PE/EVA时辐照剂量对材料的机械性能、电学性能、凝胶含量及耐老化性能的影响，得出材料的最佳辐照剂量范围为80-120KGy。

Chemisorption and reaction characteristics of methyl radicals on Cu(110)

Methyl radicals are generated by pyrolysis of azomethane, and the condition for achieving neat adsorption on Cu(110) is described for studying their chemisorption and reaction characteristics. The radical-surface system is examined by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. It is observed that a small fraction of impinging CH3 radicals decompose into methylene possibly on surface defect sites. This type of CH2 radical has no apparent effect on CH3(ads) surface chemistry initiated by dehydrogenation to form active CH2(ads) followed by chain reactions to yield high-mass alkyl products. All thermal desorption products, such as H-2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, and C3H6, are detected with a single desorption peak near 475 K. The product yields increase with surface coverage until saturation corresponding to 0.50 monolayer of CH3(ads). The mass distribution is, however, invariant with initial CH3(ads) coverage, and all desorbed species exhibit first-order reaction kinetics. LEED measurement reveals a c(2 x 2) adsorbate structure independent of the amount of gaseous exposure. This strongly suggests that the radicals aggregate into close-packed two-dimensional islands at any exposure. The islanding behavior can be correlated with the reaction kinetics and is deemed to be essential for the chain propagation reactions. Some relevant aspects of the CH3/Cu(111) system are also presented. The new results are compared with those of prior studies employing methyl halides as radical sources. Major differences are found in the product distribution and desorption kinetics, and these are attributed to the influence of surface halogen atoms present in those earlier investigations.

The synthesis of nanostructured W2C on ultrahigh surface area carbon materials via carbothermal hydrogen reduction

Nanostructured tungsten carbides were synthesized, for the first time, with a size distribution of 5-12 nm on ultrahigh surface area carbon material, by carbothermal hydrogen reduction (CHR) at 850degreesC and metal Ni promoted CHR at 650 degreesC.

Photochemistry of Halogens in the Marine Atmosphere

Diatomic halogen molecules diffusing into the marine atmosphere are photodissociated to atoms in daylight more rapidly than they undergo other fates. The geochemistry of ‘gaseous halogens’ is considered in terms of photolysis rates and the secondary reactions of the atoms produced. Diatomic halogens could be photolyzed predominantly by day and adsorbed on aerosol by night without yielding diurnal variations in currently measurable variables. Halogen atoms in the marine atmosphere react with ozone more rapidly than with other marine tropospheric constituents, this reaction yielding haloxy radicals that are also reactive.

(Z)-2-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1enyl)-6-methoxyphenyl acetate

The crystal structure of the title compound, C12H10ClF3O3, was determined in order to establish the configuration of the C double bond. The compound was found to be the Z isomer. The crystal structure is dominated by Cl center dot center dot center dot O halogen bonds [Cl center dot center dot center dot O = 3.111 (3) angstrom], as well as C-H center dot center dot center dot O and C-H center dot center dot center dot F hydrogen-bonding interactions, that connect neighboring molecules into a three-dimensional supramolecular network.

Layer-by-layer assembly of viral capsid for cell adhesion

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-based thin films are biologically active for cell culture. Using layer-by-layer assembly of CPMV and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), quantitatively scalable biomolecular surfaces were constructed, which were well characterized using quartz crystal microbalance, UV-vis and atomic force microscopy. The surface coverage of CPMV nanoparticles depended on the adsorption time and pH of the virus solution, with a greater amount of CPMV adsorption occurring near its isoelectric point. It was found that the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts can be controlled by the coverage of viral particles using this multilayer technique.

Structural, electronic and mechanical properties of ReN2 from first principles

First principles calculations were performed to study the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of hypothetical rhenium dinitride ReN2 for various space groups. It was found that cubic Fm-3m and Pa-3, tetragonal P4(2)/mnm, and orthorhombic Pmmn structures are mechanically stable and metallic. P4(2)/mnm structure is thermodynamically stable at ambient conditions and up to 76 GPa. It has the shortest Re-N bond (1.964 angstrom).

Preparation, structure and dielectric properties of (Ba1-xSrx)(2)NaNb5O15 ceramics

In this study the tungsten-bronze type tetragonal (Ba1-xSrx)(2)NaNb5O15 system as a kind of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics has been synthesized by low-temperature combustion method. Microstructure and dielectric properties of (Ba1-xSrx)(2)NaNb5O15 system were also investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirms the formation of single-phase tetragonal compounds in the crystal system at room temperature. The TEM photograph shows that the particles synthesized by low-temperature combustion method are uniform with an average particle size of 30nm in diameter.

Pd nanoparticles supported on WO3/C hybrid material as catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Pd nanoparticles supported on WO3/C hybrid material have been developed as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in direct methanol fuel cells. The resultant Pd-WO3/C catalyst has an ORR activity comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst and a higher activity than the Pd/C catalyst prepared with the same method. Based on the physical and electrochemical characterizations, the improvement in the catalytic performance may be attributed to the small particle sizes and uniform dispersion of Pd on the WO3/C, the strong interaction between Pd and WO3 and the formation of hydrogen tungsten bronze which effectively promote the direct 4-electron pathway of the ORR at Pd.