低甲醇透过直接甲醇燃料电池

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)是一种清洁能源,具有高效、安全、无污染等优点[1～3],因此受到广泛关注。目前,在DMFC中广泛使用Nafion膜作为电解质膜,但甲醇透过Nafion膜后,不但氧阴极处产生混合电位,引起阴极催化剂中毒,导致阴极极化增加,电池性能降低,而且透过的甲醇未经反应从电池中排出,既浪费燃料又污染环境。甲醇透过Nafion膜是阻碍Nafion膜型直接甲醇燃料电池应用的主要技术问题之一[4,5]。为解决Nafion膜的甲醇透过问题,Pu等[6] 将一层致密的不透甲醇的质子导体夹在 2层Nafion膜之间形成复合电解质膜来消除甲醇透过。但是由于不同层之间的结合和膜厚度的增加,会使电解质膜的导质子性能降低。Won等[7] 和Yoon等[8] 采用刻蚀溅射法在Nafion膜表面修饰一层金属钯来降低甲醇透过,但该方法存在钯和Nafion膜表面结合不牢固和钯的用量相对较大等缺点。本文首次报道采用化学镀钯修饰Nafion膜的方法来降低甲醇透过率。Pd(NH3 )4 Cl2 和NaBH4均为上海试剂一厂产品 ,其它试剂均为分析纯。所有的溶液均用三次蒸馏水配制。

Polyepichlorohydrin polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks

Polyurethane (PU) based on polyepichlorohydrin/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PECH/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was synthesized by a simultaneous method. The effects of composition, hydroxyl group number of PECH, NCO/OH ratio and crosslinking agent content in IPNs were investigated in detail. Some other glycols, such as poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, were also used to obtain PU/PMMA IPNs. The interpenetrating and fracture behaviors of the IPNs are explained briefly.

Studies on polyepichlorohydrin-based polyurethane/poly(MMA-co-St) IPNs

Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyepichlorohydrin-based polyurethane/poly(MMA-co-St) have been prepared with simultaneous mettled by changing the weight fraction of MMA(W-MMA) in copolymer of MMA with styrene. The IPNs have been studied by DSC, TEM and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy(DMS). The results show that the IPNs have only one T-g, when W-MMA is greater than 0. 6. But when W-MMA IMA is less than 0. 4, the IPNs have two T(g)s, and phase separation is observed on TEM. The phenomenon is explained according to the solubility parameters(delta) and the fraction of hydrogen bond(delta(h)) of P (MMA-co-St). The study reveals that there is a close correlation among the delta, domain size and mechanical properties of PU (PECH)/P(MMA-co-St) IPN.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION PROCESS OF BILIRUBIN IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE

The electrochemical reduction behavior of bilirubin (BR) at platinum electrode in DMF was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, in situ electron spin resonance spectroscopy and in situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroelectrochemistry. Experimental results revealed that the reduction of BR firstly undergoes an ECE process: GRAPHICS The generated (BR)(2)(3-). can be re-oxidized to BR and then to purpurin (Pu) by a series of oxidation processes: GRAPHICS However, the re-reduction reactions of Pu are not the reverse processes. The different reduction mechanisms are discussed in detail.

STUDY ON THE REDOX PROCESS OF BILIRUBIN AND BILIVERDIN AT PLATINUM-ELECTRODE BY IN-SITU SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY

The electrochemical redox behavior of bilirubin (BR IValpha), biliverdin (BV IValpha) and their oxidized product bile-purpurin (Bi-Pu) have been studied by in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques, which reveals that the transformation of BR IValpha [GRA

INVESTIGATION ON MECHANISMS FOR THE ELECTROOXIDATION OF SOME BILE-PIGMENTS BY SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY

The electrooxidation behavior of bilirubin (BR), biliverdin (BV), purpurin (Pu), and choletelin (Ch in dimethylformamide (DMF) have been investigated bv voltammetry, in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry and especially i

胆红素胆绿素在铂电极上氧化还原反应的现场光谱电化学研究

本文采用现场光谱电化学技术研究了胆红素(BR Ⅳα)、胆绿素(BV Ⅳα)及其氧化产物胆汁红紫素(Bi-Pu)在铂电极上的电氧化还原行为,并着重对上述过程的动力学进行了探讨。结果表明,在洁净的铂电极上,上述胆汁色素可通过控制电位实现Ⅳ构成的反应循环中,Ⅰ,Ⅱ可达到准可逆电子转移反应,式量非均相速率常数=1.5×10~(-4)cm·s~(-1),而Ⅲ,Ⅳ的氧化还原则为不可逆,=4.8×10~(-5)cm·s~(-1)。

MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF AB CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS BASED ON POLYURETHANES

Polyoxypropylene glycol (PPG) (or castor oil) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were mixed, and the prepolymer polyurethane (PU) (I) was formed. Vinyl-terminated polyurethane (II) was prepared from (I), and hydroxyethyl acrylate, AB crosslinked polymers (ABCPs) were synthesized from (II) and vinyl monomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, etc. The dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of ABCPs were measured. The ABCPs based on PPG have double glass transition temperatures (T(g)) on the sigma-vs. temperature curves. They display a two-phase morphology with plastic components forming the continous phase and PU-rich domains forming the separated phase on the electron micrographs. Irregular shapes and a highly polydisperse distribution of PU-rich domain sizes were observed. The crosslink density of ABCPs has a notable effect on the morphology and properties. The average diameter of the PU-rich domains depends on the molecular weight of prepolymer PPG. The highly crosslinked structures will produce large numbers of very small domains. ABCPs based on castor oil show a single T(g) relaxation on the dynamic mechanical spectra. The compatibility between the two components is much better in ABCPs based on castor oil than in those based on PPG, because there is a high crosslink density in the former. Comparison of the dynamic mechanical spectra of ABCP and interpenetrating networks (IPN) based on castor oil with similar crosslink density and composition imply that the two components in ABCP are compatible whereas microphase separation occurs in IPN. An improvement in the compatibility is achieved by the crosslinking between the two networks.

网间交联型增韧环氧树脂/蓖麻油聚氨酯互穿网络聚合物的动态力学性能和形态结构

以增韧环氧树脂(TEP)和蓖麻油聚氨酯[PU(CO)]形成的互穿网络聚合物(IPN),两网络间具有一定数量的交联点,在一定组成下,该IPN的tanδ-T曲线半峰宽达100℃,tanδ最大值接近1,阻尼性能良好。形态研究表明,该IPN既有增韧环氧树脂本身的两相结构,又有IPN的两相结构。

增韧环氧树脂/蓖麻油聚氨酯IPN的性能研究

研究了端羧基丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物增韧环氧树脂(TER)与蓖麻油聚氨酯(PU)组成的互穿聚合物网络(IPN)的应力-应变行为、密度和溶胀行为。结果表明,在TER嵌段共聚物/PU(质量比)值为某一定值时,IPN表现出补强弹性体行为,它既有较高的强度,又有很高的伸长率,断裂能也达到最大值;IPN的密度高于按共混物加合法则计算的值,溶胀度则低于计算值,说明网络间存在着互穿。

Development of SSR primers from EST sequences and their application in germplasm identification of Porphyra lines (Rhodophyta)

This paper reports the development of SSR markers from EST data and their utilization in germplasm identification of Porphyra. The publicly available EST (expressed sequence tag) sequences of Porphyra were searched from the Internet (www.kazura.or.jp/en/plant/porphyra/EST/). From a total of 20,779 obtained EST sequences, 391 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were analysed with SSRIT software (www.gramene.org/db/searches/ssrtool). From those, 48 SSR primer-pairs were designed and tested by commonly used SSR reaction conditions using 22 Porphyra DNA samples as templates. Results showed that 41 SSR primer-pairs gave good amplification patterns. These were used to conduct SSR analyses of genetic diversity and variety identification of the 22 Porphyra lines. A dendrogram and the DNA fingerprints of the Porphyra lines were developed based on the obtained SSR data.

Variations in morphology and PSII photosynthetic capabilities during the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Background: Red algae are primitive photosynthetic eukaryotes, whose spores are ideal subjects for studies of photosynthesis and development. Although the development of red alga spores has received considerable research attention, few studies have focused on the detailed morphological and photosynthetic changes that occur during the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Herein, we documented these changes in this species of red algae. Results: In the tetraspores, we observed two types of division, cruciate and zonate, and both could develop into multicellular bodies (disks). During the first 84 hours, tetraspores divided several times, but the diameter of the disks changed very little; thereafter, the diameter increased significantly. Scanning electron microscopy observations and analysis of histological sections revealed that the natural shape of the disk remains tapered over time, and the erect frond grows from the central protrusion of the disk. Cultivation of tissue from excised disks demonstrated that the central protrusion of the disk is essential for initiation of the erect frond. Photosynthetic (i.e., PSII) activities were measured using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. The results indicated that freshly released tetraspores retained limited PSII photosynthetic capabilities; when the tetraspores attached to a substrate, those capabilities increased significantly. In the disk, the PSII activity of both marginal and central cells was similar, although some degree of morphological polarity was present; the PSII photosynthetic capabilities in young germling exhibited an apico-basal gradient. Conclusions: Attachment of tetraspores to a substrate significantly enhanced their PSII photosynthetic capabilities, and triggered further development. The central protrusion of the disk is the growth point, may have transfer of nutritive material with the marginal cells. Within the young germling, the hetero-distribution of PSII photosynthetic capabilities might be due to the differences in cell functions.