树木年轮元素分析

本文通过长白山阔叶红松林主要树种——红松（Pinus koraiensis）、蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）木质部年轮中Pb、Cd、As、Zn、Cu、Mn、Al、Fe、Cr、Ti、V、Ni、P、K、Ca、Mg、Na等元素的含量分析，试图追溯和再现长白山地区生态环境的历史变迁。研究结果表明：红松、蒙古栎树木年轮中Pb、Cu、Fe、Cr、Ti、V、Ni、As等微量元素的浓度都呈现一致的时间动态形式。除木髓附近年轮中略高以外，而后近二百年时期的年轮内，元素深度保持比较一致的低水平。从而证明近代长白山生态环境一直相对稳定，目前人类环境冲击对该地区森林生态系统的影响尚不明显。红松、蒙古栎树皮和木质部年轮中有毒有害元素的含量可作为同一气候带类似树种的生物背景值。在相对原始、洁净的地区进行树木年轮元素分析，使年轮中元素的自然行为特点得以清晰展现。如边心材转化对Mn、Mg、Ca等元素再分布的影响，木质部元素含量的排列顺序，年轮中元素之间的相互联系等。与此同时，本文亦对年轮法有效性和准确性地影响因子，如木材类型、元素的再迁移、树木生长形式作了初步探讨，为我国今后开展该领域的研究提供了重要的科学依据。

城市树木年代学的研究--污染条件下树木年轮的变异

沈阳是我国重要的工业城市，环境污染十分严重。本文对沈阳的污染敏感树种--油松由污染引起的树木年轮变异进行研究分析，包括年轮宽度的变异和年轮中Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、K、Na、Tl、P、Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Sr、Ll、Pb、V、Nl、Zn共十九种元素含量以及Al/Ca比值的年代变化的分析，并将此变化与沈阳地区的城市工业发展相联系，进行相关分析。试图追溯和重建沈阳地区的生态环境变迁史，揭示城市环境质量与树木年轮之间的相关规律。结果表明：在污染条件下，年轮宽度和年轮微量元素含量均发生了明显的变异，而且这些变异与沈阳工业发展（指标：工业总产值、能量消耗总量、工业用能量消耗量）相一致，存在显著的相关关系。本文筛选出了它们之间的相关数学模型，并发现，其相关显著性水平，是在重污染地点北陵高于相对清洁地点东陵。本文还对城市年轮法的有效性和精确性的限制因子，如自然环境因子，树木个体生理因素，人为因素的干扰，环境因子的后滞作用以及年轮元素间的相互作用等进行了初步探讨，为城市年代学的研究提供了重要科学依据。同时，本文提出了城市树木年代学的敏感度原理，包括污染敏感度和元素敏感度理论及其应用，证明是科学的和可行的，为城市年代学的发展提供重要科学参考依据。并且，本文还提出进行年轮元素含量的订证。

重离子辐照对小鼠血清微量元素含量的影响

[目的]探讨重离子束辐照小鼠后血清微量元素含量的变化趋势。[方法]采用不同剂量的重离子束辐照小鼠后48h采血,应用原子吸收光谱仪火焰法测定血清中锌(Zn),铜(Cu),铁(Fe),钙(Ca),镁(Mg)5种微量元素的含量。[结果]0.5Gy组Zn、Cu、Fe元素含量均比对照组明显降低,有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。随剂量增大而呈回升趋势,存在剂量-反应关系。辐照对Ca和Mg元素含量影响不大(P﹥0.05)。[结论]12C6+离子束照射对小鼠血清微量元素的含量有影响。

System size dependence of associated yields in hadron-triggered jets STAR Collaboration

We present results on the system size dependence of high transverse momentum di-hadron correlations at root s(NN) = 200 GeV as measured by STAR at RHIC. Measurements in d + Au, Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions reveal similar jet-like near-side correlation yields (correlations at small angular separation Delta phi similar to 0, Delta eta similar to 0) for all systems and centralities. Previous measurements have shown Chat the away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield is suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the away-side Suppression as a function of transverse momentum and centrality in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions. The suppression is found to be similar in Cu + Cu and An + An collisions at a similar number of participants. The results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the patron quenching model and the modified fragmentation model. The observed differences between data and theory indicate that the correlated yields presented here will further constrain dynamic energy loss models and provide information about the dynamic density profile in heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the Bottom Quark Contribution to Nonphotonic Electron Production in p plus p Collisions at root s=200 GeV

The contribution of B meson decays to nonphotonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor mesons, in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between nonphotonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted B decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of p(T) >= 5 GeV/c. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from B and D meson decays. The result indicates that B meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high p(T).

gamma cross section in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV

We report on a measurement of the gamma(1S + 2S + 3S) -> e(+)e(-) cross section at midrapidity in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. We find the cross section to be 114 +/- 38(stat + fit)(-24)(+23)(syst) pb. Perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the color evaporation model are in agreement with our measurement, while calculations in the color singlet model underestimate it by 2 sigma. Our result is consistent with the trend seen in world data as a function of the center-of-mass energy of the collision and extends the availability of gamma data to RHIC energies. The dielectron continuum in the invariant-mass range near the gamma is also studied to obtain a combined yield of e(+)e(-) pairs from the sum of the Drell-Yan process and b-(b) over bar production.

Balance functions from Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

Balance functions have been measured for charged-particle pairs, identified charged-pion pairs, and identified charged-kaon pairs in Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the STAR detector. These balance functions are presented in terms of relative pseudorapidity, Delta eta, relative rapidity, Delta y, relative azimuthal angle, Delta phi, and invariant relative momentum, q(inv). For charged-particle pairs, the width of the balance function in terms of Delta eta scales smoothly with the number of participating nucleons, while HIJING and UrQMD model calculations show no dependence on centrality or system size. For charged-particle and charged-pion pairs, the balance functions widths in terms of Delta eta and Delta y are narrower in central Au + Au collisions than in peripheral collisions. The width for central collisions is consistent with thermal blast-wave models where the balancing charges are highly correlated in coordinate space at breakup. This strong correlation might be explained by either delayed hadronization or limited diffusion during the reaction. Furthermore, the narrowing trend is consistent with the lower kinetic temperatures inherent to more central collisions. In contrast, the width of the balance function for charged-kaon pairs in terms of Delta y shows little centrality dependence, which may signal a different production mechanism for kaons. The widths of the balance functions for charged pions and kaons in terms of q(inv) narrow in central collisions compared to peripheral collisions, which may be driven by the change in the kinetic temperature.

Inclusive pi(0), eta, and direct photon production at high transverse momentum in p plus p and d plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

We report a measurement of high-p(T) inclusive pi(0), eta, and direct photon production in p + p and d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at midrapidity (0 < eta < 1). Photons from the decay pi(0) -> gamma gamma were detected in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The eta -> gamma gamma decay was also observed and constituted the first eta measurement by STAR. The first direct photon cross-section measurement by STAR is also presented; the signal was extracted statistically by subtracting the pi(0), eta, and omega(782) decay background from the inclusive photon distribution observed in the calorimeter. The analysis is described in detail, and the results are found to be in good agreement with earlier measurements and with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations.

Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy-ion collisions

Parity (P)-odd domains, corresponding to nontrivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the orbital momentum of the system created in noncentral collisions. To study this effect, we investigate a three-particle mixed-harmonics azimuthal correlator which is a P-even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge-separation effect. We report measurements of this observable using the STAR detector in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 and 62 GeV. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality, particle separation in rapidity, and particle transverse momentum. A signal consistent with several of the theoretical expectations is detected in all four data sets. We compare our results to the predictions of existing event generators and discuss in detail possible contributions from other effects that are not related to P violation.

Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC

We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region -3.7 < eta < -2.3 using the photon Multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of (lie collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for An + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 for root(NN)-N-s = 62.4 and 200 GeV, respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of eta-Y-beam, are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relativistic photoionization cross sections for atomic Mg

The photoionization cross sections of the ground level (3s(2) S-1(0)) of atomic Mg have been studied theoretically in the energy region between the Mg+(3s) and Mg+(3p) threshold using the fully relativistic R-matrix method. The positions and widths of resonances have also been obtained and compared with a recent experiment (Wehlitz et al 2007 J. Phys. B 40 2385). Excellent agreement is shown between our theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. In the present calculations, five Rydberg series of doubly excited states have been exhibited, i.e. 3pns P-1, 3pnd P-1, 3pns P-3, 3pnd D-3 and 3pnd P-3, where 3pnd P-3 are confirmed as the fifth series in contrast to the previous theoretical results.

MEASUREMENT OF THE PROTON-PROTON CORRELATION FUNCTION FROM THE BREAK-UP OF Mg-22 AND Ne-20

An experiment of Mg-22 and Ne-20 beams bombarding on a C-12 target at an energy of 60 similar to 70 A MeV has been performed at the RIKEN projectile fragment separator (RIPS)in the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron Facility to study the two-proton correlated emission from Mg-22 and Ne-20 excited states. The two-protons momentum correlation functions have been obtained for Mg-22 and Ne-20, respectively. The trajectories of the Mg-22 decayed products (Ne-20 + p + p) were also measured to get the angular correlations between the two protons in Center of Mass of decaying system by relativistic-kinematics reconstruction. The results exhibit that Mg-22 has the features of He-2 cluster decay mechanism.

Cu对大麦和玉米的毒性效应

通过发芽试验及幼苗生长试验研究了重金属Cu在5、10、25、50、100mg·L-1浓度下对大麦和玉米的生态毒性效应,比较分析了大麦和玉米对Cu胁迫的敏感性。结果表明:对于发芽试验,当Cu浓度在25～100mg·L-1时,处理组与对照组相比发芽率明显降低(P<0.05)。而对于幼苗生长试验,在0～5mg·L-1时,Cu对植物幼苗的生长没有显著作用,在10～100mg·L-1作用下,根长、株高及根干重与Cu2+浓度呈显著的负相关;可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素a+b在Cu为10～100mg·L-1作用下,与对照相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。玉米对Cu胁迫比大麦稍微敏感;各项指标的敏感性依次为:可溶性蛋白>根伸长>叶绿素>根干重>发芽率>株高>地上生物量。与其他指标相比,可溶性蛋白指标对Cu胁迫最具有敏感性,可作为Cu污染的生物标记物。

板栗壳对水中Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

【目的】研究食品加工剩余物板栗壳对水中Cu2+的吸附性能,为其用于含铜废水的处理提供理论依据。【方法】研究吸附质溶液pH、Cu2+质量浓度、吸附剂用量、粒径、吸附温度和时间对板栗壳吸附Cu2+效果的影响,探讨吸剂和吸附剂循环利用次数对解吸和再生的影响;并采用穿透曲线和洗脱曲线对动态吸附进行了分析。【结果】吸附质溶液pH值为6、Cu2+起始质量浓度为20 mg/L、吸附剂粒径为0.25 mm时的吸附效果较好,该吸附为放热过程,升高温度虽然可以加快吸附进程,但却降低了吸附量和去除率。Na+和Ca2+对Cu2+的解吸置换能力较弱,0.1mol/L HCl可使96.1%的Cu2+得以解吸回收。通过Thomas模型预测,在固定床柱吸附条件下饱和吸附量为10.94mg/g。【结论】板栗壳对水中Cu2+的吸附性能较好,因而具有很好的应用前景。