106 resultados para 4-oxo-3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
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Resumo:
由于对人体健康的危害,氡越来越受到世界各国的广泛关注。经济的发展,使我国地下公共场所大量涌现,但其空气中氡浓度的大规模调查及系统研究还属空白。本论文采取瞬时法(美国SUN公司的1027型连续测氰仪)与累积法(CR一39SSNTD)相结合的测量方法,对我国23个城市的地下工程进行了为期一年的监测,获得了实测数据700多个。在监测的同时,收集了每个测点的各种相关情况资料。论文以内蒙古自治区的呼和浩特、包头、集宁、鄂尔多斯四个城市为例,从环境地球化学角度出发,在研究了各个测点的各种情况之后,探讨了氧在不同类型工程和不同城市的浓度规律。对长期有人在内工作的地下工程内氛所致工作人员的有效剂量当量进行了估算。最后对氨异常的测点进行了原因分析,并提出了地下工程内氰污染的治理和防范措施。本次研究主要得出以下结论:1、地下工程中氰浓度的季节变化规律为:从总平均值看,夏高冬低。与前人对坑道的调查结果一致,与地上氨浓度的变化规律相反。从两季浓度差来看,两季浓度差从大到小依次为:隧道类工程)单建式铜室类工程>结建式嗣室类工程。2、总体来看内蒙三类工程的氰浓度值:隧道类工程)结建式铜室类工程)单建式铜室类工程。不管是单季还是年平均值,各城市三类工程的氧浓度都遵循隧道类.工程远大于结建式铜室工程和单建式铜室工程的规律。通过对结建式桐室工程和单建式铜室工程的对比分析,发现在地下工程内工程上部有无建筑物阻隔,并不是影响氨浓度高低的重要因素,即氰的纵向扩散作用小于横向扩散作用。3、呼和浩特、包头、集宁、鄂尔多斯四个城市的氛浓度年平均值分别为:190Bq/m3、700Bq/m3、190Bq/m3、270Bq/m3。去掉仅有一季结果的侧点值,包头、鄂尔多斯的氨浓度年平均值为:62oBq/m3、250Bq/m3。呼和浩特、包头、集宁、鄂尔多斯四个城市的氛浓度单季值的范围分别为:31-830Bq/m3、57-3500Bq/m3、26一65oBq/m,、64一69OBq/m',;年平均值的范围分别为:39一580Bq/m:'、94一210oBq/m:,、35-460Bq/m3、110-390Bq/m3。呼和浩特、包头、集宁、鄂尔多斯四个城市分别有30.0%、44.4%、33.3%、50.0%的工程年平均氧浓度在200Bq/时以上。四个城市氦浓度的普遍水平:包头)鄂尔多斯)集宁)呼和浩特。4、对所有单建式铜室类地下工程和结建式铜室类工程内工作人员所受剂量当量进行了估算。单建式地下工程内工作人员所受剂量当量的范围是1.247mSv-6.SOgmsv,平均值是2.610Sv。结建式地下工程内工作人员所受剂量当量的范围是1.195Sv-8.531mSv,平均值是2.572mSv。两类地下工程内工作人员所受氨照射剂量当量都很高,有一半的工程剂量当量是地面上公众人员剂量当量0.924mSv的两倍以上。5、不管是从浓度角度还是从剂量估算角度分析,地下工程内的氛水平都比较偏高,需要采取一定防护措施,对现有状况进行改善。6、通风是地下工程防治氡污染最简便易行、见效最快的措施。使用防氡涂料是最经济的措施。