Determination of urinary oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine and the association with cigarette smoking

8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) has been widely used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in both animal models and human studies. To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on oxidative stress, we studied the levels of urinary 8OHdG from smokers and non-smokers and investigated the association with cigarette smoking. The urinary 8OHdG concentrations were determinated by capillary electrophoresis with end-column amprometric detection (CE-AD) after a single-step solid phase extraction (SPE), and then quantitatively expressed as a function of creatinine excretion. To increase the concentration sensitivity, a dynamic pH junction was used and the focusing effect was obvious when using 30 mM phosphate (pH 6.50) as sample matrix. The limit of detection is 4.3 nM (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 1.1% for peak current, and 2.3% for migration time. Based on the selected CE-AD method, it was found that the mean value of urinary 8OHdG levels in the smokers significantly higher than that in non-smokers (31.4 +/- 18.9 nM versus 14.4 +/- 7.6 nM, P = 0.0004; 23.5 +/- 21.3 mug g(-1) creatinine versus 12.6 +/- 13.2 mug g(-1) creatinine, P = 0.028). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in diabetic nephropathy patients

Increased oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been reported to serve as a sensitive biomarker of oxidative DNA damage and also of oxidative stress. This article studied oxidative DNA damage in patients with diabetic nephropathy and in healthy control subjects by urinary 8-OHdG evaluations. Contents of 8-OHdG in urine were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection (CE-AD) after a single-step solid-phase extraction (SPE). Levels of urinary 8-OHdG in diabetic nephropathy patients with macroalbuminuria was significant higher than in control subjects (5.72 +/- 6.89 mumol/mol creatinine versus 2.33 +/- 2.83 mumol/mol creatinine, P = 0.018). A significant difference of 24 h urinary 8-OHdG excretions exists between the patients with macroalbuminuria and the patients with nonnoalbuminuria (19.2 +/- 16.8 mug/24 h versus 8.1 +/- 1.7 mug/24 h, P = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between urinary excretion of 8-OHdG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1)c) (r = 0.287, P = 0.022). A weak correlation exists between the levels of 8-OHdG and triglyceride (r = 0.230, P = 0.074). However, the urinary 8-OHdG contents are not correlated with blood pressure and total cholesterol. The increased excretion of urinary 8-OHdG is seen as indicating an increased systemic level of oxidative DNA damage in diabetic nephropathy patients. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

长期灌溉含多环芳烃污水对稻田土壤酶活性与微生物种群数量的影响

以沈抚污水灌区为例,研究了长期灌溉含多环芳烃(PAHs)污水对稻田土壤酶活性、微生物种群数量的影响。结果表明,灌区稻田土壤PAHs含量在319.5～6362.8μg.kg-1。长期污水灌溉导致稻田土壤PAHs含量严重超过环境标准。随清水连续灌溉年限的增加,土壤PAHs总量不同程度降低直至低于土壤PAHs环境质量标准。相关性分析表明,在目前污染程度下,灌区稻田3大土壤微生物类群和主要功能群的种群数量主要受土壤理化性质的影响,受PAHs含量影响不明显。土壤全氮含量与细菌数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。土壤酶活性受到土壤养分和PAHs污染的双重影响,土壤有机碳和全磷含量分别与脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),PAHs含量分别与脱氢酶和脲酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。

浅析旱作农业技术在黄土高原退耕还林(草)之后的作用——为朱总理’99,8,7讲话而作

针对朱基总理 1 999年 8月 7日讲话精神和旱农技术在特殊的自然条件和社会条件下为了良化农田生态环境和持续增产所采取的一整套用地与养地相结合的技术体系。文章着重的分析了培肥地力、轮作倒茬、化学技术、选育品种、节水、立体种植、地膜覆盖、水土保持耕作法八种技术 ,充分利用光、热、水、气、土、肥资源而取得明显的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益 ,剖析了旱作技术在农业持续、稳定、健康发展中的作用和改善农业生态环境的显著地位 ,供同类地区的决策者和研究者借鉴

清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤PAHs污染的作用

为评价清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的作用,提供土壤PAHs污染的工程治理理论依据,以沈抚污水灌区为研究对象,采集连续清水灌溉0,3,10和30年的污染稻田0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层的土壤样本,测定PAHs各组分含量,分析清水灌溉对消除稻田土壤PAHs总量及某些单一组分的效果。当前沈抚污水灌区稻田土壤PAHs总量在表层为612.3～6362.8μg/kg.干土,在亚表层为319.5～4318.5μg/kg.干土。随着清水灌溉年限的增加,土壤PAHs总量和16种PAHs单一组分含量均不同程度逐渐降低。清水灌溉10年后,土壤PAHs总量接近或低于土壤PAHs环境标准;单一PAHs组分仅菲含量依然高出环境标准。清水灌溉措施可有效消除由污水灌溉所造成的土壤PAHs污染,特别是高环PAHs污染,但是其作用周期需要10年左右或更长的时间。

基于RS和GIS的纸坊沟流域土地利用动态监测及分析

以纸坊沟流域多年土地利用监测数据为基础 ,对其结果进行分析和讨论。结果表明 ,到 1 999年底 ,农业、林业、牧业用地面积比例分别为 1 6.9%、34.0 %、36.8%。人均基本农田由 1 975年 0 .0 5 4 7hm2 ,增到 1 999年的 0 .2 0 33hm2 ,坡耕地大幅度减少 ,粮食平均产量也由 1 975年的 5 61 kg/hm2 ,增到 1 999年的 2 31 9kg/hm2 ,流域林草有效覆盖率达到 5 7.4% ,植物种类和数量得到增加。走上了农林牧协调发展和生态环境良性循环的轨道