长白山阔叶红松林CO_2通量季节和年际变化特征及控制机制

老龄林碳代谢的长期测定对于预测其在未来气候条件下的碳收支状态,减小陆地生态系统碳收支的不确定性十分重要．本研究使用连续两个生长季节(2003和2004年)的涡度相关CO2净交换通量测定和常规气象资料分析平均林龄200年的长白山阔叶红松林生态系统(128°28′E, 42°24′N,中国吉林省)FNEE及其主要成分FGPP与Re的季节和年际变化特征及环境和生物因子对其的影响．通量数据进行了平面坐标旋转,储存项和μ*修正．叶面积指数和温度分别控制着该生态系统FGPP和Re的季节动态和年际差别．水汽压亏缺和气温在更小尺度上调节生长季节的生态系统光合生产,根部水分条件显著影响生态系统冬季维持性的碳代谢过程．2003年1月至2004年12月该生态系统累计截获碳-449 g C·m-2,其中2003和2004年分别为-278和-171 g C·m-2．这两年FGPP和Re分别为-1332,-1294 g C·m-2和1054,1124 g C·m-2．这显示老龄森林可以成为强的碳汇．受环境因子调控,长白山阔叶红松林生态系统的碳代谢表现出显著的季节和年际差异．冬季该生态系统存在弱的光合作用,但总体上向大气释放CO2．春秋季节碳代谢非常活跃,但生态系统吸收和释放几乎相同数量的碳,对全年碳截获贡献并不显著．夏季碳代谢对该生态系统全年碳收支意义重大．90 d的夏季分别贡献全年66．9,68．9％的FGPP和60．4,62．1％的Re．

稠油降解菌的筛选及其生物表面活性剂的特性

添加稠油对土壤中土著微生物进行驯化,分离出33株能以稠油为惟一碳源生长的细菌,从中筛选出2株高效表面活性剂产生菌XJ1和SJ4,9株高效稠油降解菌.XJ1和SJ4可将发酵液的表面张力由72.4mN/m分别降到36.1mN/m和36.2mN/m;14d摇瓶油降解率分别为35.89%和31.59%,降解效率在各单菌中最高.同时研究了发酵液中XJ1和SJ4的生长量与其生物表面活性剂产生情况之间的关系,经红外光谱分析初步确定两种生物表面活性剂均为糖脂类化合物.

化学肥料与生物圈

生物圈是地球上最大的生态系统，是人类的栖居地。人类施肥的主要目的在于增加作物的产量和提高土壤肥力，但化学肥料的施用又与许多环境问题密切相关。文章综述了化学肥料对生物圈中土壤圈、水圈及气圈的影响。

the ebb-tidal delta of the venice lagoon,Italy

Very high-resolution seismic lines were collected offshore the Venice Lagoon in the framework of the Co.Ri.La'New very high resolution seismic methods to study the Venice Lagoon subsoil' project. The 140 km boomer profiles led to the identification of a convex-upward,lens-shaped body just outside the Lido inlet,one of the three lagoon inlets,which has been interpreted as an ebb-tidal delta.The comparison between the scismostratigraphic setting og this deposit, as revealed by the seismic lines,and the analyses of historicalbathymetric maps highlighted the key role of human interventions in the formation and evolution of the Lido inlet cbb-tidal delta.To preserve the lagoon environment but also to ensure a navigable way, human interventions at the Lidoinlet,performed since the fourteenth centtury, caused profound variations in the inlet dynamics,ldading to a progressive increase in the sediment dispersion from the lagoon interior towards the sea. The ebb-tidal delta of the Lido nilet is thus a very recent feature compared with the formation of the Venice lagoon and formed mainly as a consequence of the construction of the two jetties that have bound the inlet form AD 1886 to the present day.

苏云金杆菌以色列变种防治水处理中摇蚊幼虫研究

研究了苏云金杆菌以色列变种(Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis de Barjac,简称B.t.i)用于摇蚊幼虫(即红虫)防治的菌种发酵条件.结果表明,发酵时间为36 h,温度为30℃,摇床转速为250 rpm,三角瓶培养基量为50 mL时,B.t.i对红虫的毒力最强.

细辛精油对7种玉米病害的离体抑菌效果

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了细辛精油对引起玉米病害的7种病原菌(小斑病菌、弯孢霉叶斑病菌、链格孢叶斑病病菌、圆斑病菌、顶腐病菌、青枯病菌和瘤黑粉病菌)的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,对瘤黑粉病菌、顶腐病菌、青枯病菌和弯孢霉叶斑病病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制效果均较好,EC90均低于700mg.L-1;对小斑病菌和链格孢叶斑病病菌的孢子萌发抑制效果较好,而对其菌丝生长的抑制效果较差;对圆斑病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制效果均较差,EC90均高于900mg.L-1。对于同一种病原菌来说,细辛精油对其孢子萌发的抑制效果好于对其菌丝生长的抑制效果。

高级加密标准AES-192的7轮不可能差分分析

结合密钥扩展算法和划分子集的方法,提出7轮AES-192的不可能差分分析方法.首先估算猜测初始轮的错误密钥的最小概率;然后计算所需的明密文对的数量并选择明密文对,计算密文对的差分,猜测特殊的密钥字节对其进行不可能差分攻击.该攻击需要278选择明文,记忆存储空间为2129分组,以及约2155的7轮AES-192加密.与目前现有的结果相比,该攻击需要更少的选择明文数和较低的时间复杂度.

Spontaneous volume transition of polyampholyte nanocomposite hydrogels based on pure electrostatic interaction

A circular system is employed in this paper to investigate the swelling behaviors of polyampholyte hydrogels; this circular system can effectively eliminate the disturbance of various factors and keep the surrounding environment constant. It is found that there exists a spontaneous volume transition to the collapsed state of polyampholyte hydrogels, which is attributed to the overshooting effect, and the transition can occur repeatedly under certain conditions. C-13 NMR is employed to investigate the swelling behavior of polyampholyte hydrogels.

Near-infrared luminescent mesoporous MCM-41 materials covalently bonded with ternary thulium complexes

Two beta-diketones 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-2-thenoyl-1,3-butanedione (Htta) and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione (Htfnb), which contain trifluoroalkyl chain, were selected as the main sensitizer for synthesizing Tm(L)(3)phen (L = tta, tfnb) complexes. The two near-infrared (NIR) luminescent thulium complexes have been covalently bonded to the ordered mesoporous material MCM-41 via a functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) group 5-(N,N-bis-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)ureyl-1,10-phenanthroline (phen-Si) [The resultant mesoporous materials are denoted as Tm(L)(3)phen-MCM-41 (L = tta, tfnb)]. The Tm(L)(3)phen-MCM-41 (L = tta, tfnb) mesoporous materials were characterized by small-angle Xray diffraction (XRD) and N-2 adsorption/desorption, and they show characteristic mesoporous structure of MCM-41.

Layer-by-Layer Buildup of Poly(L-glutamic acid)/Chitosan Film for Biologically Active Coating

A new biocompatible film based on chitosan and poly(L-glutamic acid) (CS/PGA), created by alternate deposition of CS and PGA, was investigated. FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and QCM were used to analyze the build-up process. The growth of CS and PGA deposition are both exponential to the deposition steps at first. After about 9 (CS/PGA) depositions, the exponential to linear transition takes place. QCM measurements combined with UV-vis spectra revealed the increase in the multilayer film growth at different pH (4.4, 5.0 and 5.5). The build-up of the multilayer stops after a few depositions at pH = 6.5. A muscle myoblast cell (C2C12) assay showed that (CS/PGA)(n) multilayer films obviously promote C2C12 attachment and growth.