The effects of CpG-C oligodeoxynucleotides on innate immune responses in Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can stimulate the immune system, and therefore are widely used as a therapeutic vaccination and immune adjuvant in human. In the present study, CpG-C, a combination of A- and B-class ODN, was injected into Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at three doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mu g crab-1), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of total intracellular phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme-like activities, the mRNA transcripts of EsproPO, EsCrustin and EsALF were assayed to evaluate its modulating effects on the immune system of crab. The ROS levels in all treated and control groups were significantly increased from 6 to 24 h, except that ROS in 0.1 mu g CpG-C-treated crabs was comparable to that of the blank at 6 h. The PO activity was significantly enhanced and EsproPO transcripts were down-regulated (P < 0.01) at 6 h after the injection of 0.1 mu g CpG-C, with no significant changes in the other dosage treatments. The lysozyme-like activities and EsCrustin transcripts in the CpG-C-treatment groups were significantly higher than those of controls. The mRNA expression of EsALF remained almost constant in all the groups during the treatment. These results collectively suggested that CpG-C could activate the immune responses of E. sinensis, and might be used as a novel immunostimulant for disease control in crabs.

The effects of CpG-C oligodeoxynucleotides on innate immune responses in Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can stimulate the immune system, and therefore are widely used as a therapeutic vaccination and immune adjuvant in human. In the present study, CpG-C, a combination of A- and B-class ODN, was injected into Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at three doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mu g crab-1), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of total intracellular phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme-like activities, the mRNA transcripts of EsproPO, EsCrustin and EsALF were assayed to evaluate its modulating effects on the immune system of crab. The ROS levels in all treated and control groups were significantly increased from 6 to 24 h, except that ROS in 0.1 mu g CpG-C-treated crabs was comparable to that of the blank at 6 h. The PO activity was significantly enhanced and EsproPO transcripts were down-regulated (P < 0.01) at 6 h after the injection of 0.1 mu g CpG-C, with no significant changes in the other dosage treatments. The lysozyme-like activities and EsCrustin transcripts in the CpG-C-treatment groups were significantly higher than those of controls. The mRNA expression of EsALF remained almost constant in all the groups during the treatment. These results collectively suggested that CpG-C could activate the immune responses of E. sinensis, and might be used as a novel immunostimulant for disease control in crabs.

地下水数值模型界面Ground Water Vistas介绍——以美国Edwards含水层Barton泉稳定流模型为例

Ground Water Vistas软件是目前国际上盛行的三维地下水水流和溶质运移模拟的图形使用界面.本文介绍了Ground Water Vistas在三种模式下的功能,分析评述了它的优缺点.并以美国Edwards含水层Barton泉稳定流模型为实例,展示了Ground Water Vistas强大的前处理、后处理功能及其优良的三维可视化效果.Edwards含水层喀斯特发育程度极高,其模型研究对我国喀斯特地区地下水资源的评价与管理具有借鉴意义和指导作用.

湘西沃溪Au-Sb-W���床中白钨矿Sm-Nd和石英Ar-Ar定年

利用白钨矿对金属矿床进行了Sm-Nd同位素定年. 研究结果表明, 湘西沃溪Au-Sb-W���床中白钨矿的Sm, Nd含量较高, Sm/Nd值较大. 在147Sm/144Nd-143Nd/144Nd图解中, 浸染状白钨矿样品呈良好的线性分布, 其对应的等时线年龄为402±6 Ma, εNd(t)值为−30.7. 该矿两个石英样品的40Ar-39Ar年龄谱均呈“马鞍型”, 样品的最小视年龄、坪年龄和等时线年龄基本一致, 其最小视年龄(420±20和414±19 Ma)与白钨矿的Sm-Nd同位素数据相当吻合. 白钨矿的Sm-Nd年龄和石英Ar-Ar年龄均表明沃溪矿床形成于加里东晚期, 这与湖南雪峰山地区的构造演化和一些金锑钨矿床的同位素年代数据相吻合. 白钨矿的初始εNd值异常低, 远低于湖南元古宇地层的相应值, 成矿流体中的Nd很可能来自下伏的更老的陆壳基底. 对该矿成矿时间的厘定和对其成矿物源的制约为进一步认识其矿床成因奠定了基础.