油藏动态模型和剩余油分布模式

This paper belong to national "973" technological project undertaken by Shengli Oilfield. Work area is composed of turbidite reservoir of S212 and delta reservoir of S283 of Sheng2 unit in Shengtuo Oilfield that has a 36 years water injection development history. Change of the macroscopic, microscopic and filterational parameters and its mechanism have been studied in the 4 water-cut stages i.e. the primary, moderate, high and supper-high stage by using multi-disciplinary theories and approaches, computer techniques and physical simulation comprehensively. Dynamic reservoir models to different water-cut stages have been established. The study of forming mechanism and distribution of residual oil revealed the main types and spatial distribution of residual oil in different water-cut stages and the distribution mode has also been built up. Macroscopic, microscopic and filterational parameters selecting principle, optimizing and selecting standard, matching standard and laws and related database of various dynamic parameters in different water-cut stages have been established, which laid good basis for revealing reservoir macroscopic, microscopic and filterational parameters' dynamic change and residual oil distribution. The study indicated that in general, the macroscopic, microscopic and filterational parameters will slowly increase and become better in both shallow turbidite and delta reservoirs with the increasing of water cut, but different reservoirs have their own characteristics and change laws. Parameters of I~2 unit, whose petrophysical properties are better, increase more quickly than 8~3, whose petrophysical properties are more unfavorable. The changes was relatively quickly in high water-cut stage, while relatively slowly from primary to moderate and from high to supper-high water-cut stage. This paper firstly put forward that reservoir macroscopic, microscopic and filterational parameters are controlled by dynamic geological function of reservoir fluid, which is considered the major reason of reservoir parameters' dynamic changes and residual oil formation and distribution during reservoir development. Physical simulation of filterational parameters verified that forming mechanism and distribution of residual oil in different water-cut stages are also controlled by dynamic geological function of reservoir fluid. The idea of fluid geological function during reservoir development developed the theory of development geology, and has important practical values. This paper firstly constructed dynamic geological and mathematical models and five modes of residual oil distribution in Shengtuo Oilfield, and achieved four-dimensional forecast of residual oil distribution in different watercut stages. Dynamic changes and mechanism of macroscopic, microscopic and fliterational parameters of reservoir and their change process have been revealed. Forecast of residual oil distribution has been achieved by computers. This paper established the related theories, approaches and techniques for residual oil study, characterization and in different water-cut stages, and realized dynamic forecast of residual oil. It gained remarkable economic benefit and social effect in guiding field development. These theories and techniques had important meaningfulness for residual oil prediction in the terrestrial faulted basins not only in Shengli Oilfield but also in the east of China. Furthermore, this study has developed the theory of development geology.

港西地区河流相砂岩油藏剩余油分布研究

The Gangxi oil field has reached a stage of high water production. The reservoir parameters, such as reservoir physical characteristics, pore structure, fluid, have obviously changed. This thesis therefore carries out a study of these parameters that control reservoir characteristics, physical and chemical actions that have taken place within the reservoirs due to fluid injection, subsequent variations of reservoir macroscopic physical features, microscopic pore structures, seepages, and formation fluid properties. This study rebuilds a geologic model for this oil field, establishes a log-interpreting model, proposes a methodology for dealing with large pore channels and remnant oil distribution, and offers a basis for effective excavation of potential oil, recovery planning, and improvement of water-injection techniques. To resolve some concurrent key problems in the process of exploration of the Gangxi area, this thesis carries out a multidisciplinary research into reservoir geology, physical geography, reservoir engineering, and oil-water well testing. Taking sandstone and flow unit as objects, this study establishes a fine geologic model by a quantificational or semi-quantificational approach in order to understand the remnant oil distribution and the reservoir potential, and accordingly proposes a plan for further exploration. By rebuilding a geological model and applying reservoir-engineering methods, such as numerical simulation, this thesis studies the oil-water movement patterns and remnant-oil distribution, and further advances a deployment plan for the necessary adjustments and increase of recoverable reserves. Main achievements of this study are as follows: 1. The Minghazhen Formation in the Gangxi area is featured by medium-sinuosity river deposits, manifesting themselves as a transitional type between typical meandering and braided rivers. The main microfacies are products of main and branch channels, levee, inter-channel overflows and crevasse-splay floodplains. The Guantao Group is dominantly braided river deposit, and microfacies are mainly formed in channel bar, braided channel and overbank. Main lithofacies include conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and shale, with sandstone facies being the principal type of the reservoir. 2. The reservoir flow unit of the Gangxi area can be divided into three types: Type I is a high-quality heterogeneous seepage unit, mainly distributed in main channel; Type II is a moderate-quality semi-heterogeneous seepage unit, mainly distributed in both main and branch channels, and partly seen within inter-channel overflow microfacies; Type III is a low-quality, relatively strong heterogeneous seepage unit, mainly distributed in inter-channel overflow microfacies and channel flanks. 3. Flow units and sedimentary microfacies have exerted relatively strong controls on the flowing of underground oil-water: (1) injection-production is often effective in the float units of Type I and II, whilst in the same group of injection-production wells, impellent velocity depends on flow unit types and injection-production spacing; (2) The injection-production of Type III flow unit between the injection-production wells of Type I and II flow units, however, are little effective; (3) there can form a seepage shield in composite channels between channels, leading to inefficient injection and production. 4. Mainly types of large-scale remnant-oil distribution are as follows: (1) remnant oil reservoir of Type III flow unit; (2) injection-production well group of remnant oil area of Type III flow unit; (3) remnant oil reservoirs that cannot be controlled by well network, including reservoir featured by injection without production, reservoir characterized by production without injection, and oil reservoir at which no well can arrive; (4) remnant oil area where injection-production system is not complete. 5. Utilizing different methods to deal with different sedimentary types, sub-dividing the columns of up to 900 wells into 76 chronostratigraphic units. Four transitional sandstone types are recognized, and contrast modes of different sandstone facies are summarized Analyzing in details the reservoirs of different quality by deciphering densely spaced well patterns, dividing microscopic facies and flow units, analyzing remnant oil distribution and its effect on injection-production pattern, and the heterogeneity. Theory foundation is therefore provided for further excavation of remnant oil. Re-evaluating well-log data. The understanding of water-flood layers and conductive formations in the Gangxi area have been considerably improved, and the original interpretations of 233 wells have changed by means of double checking. Variations of the reservoirs and the fluid and formation pressures after water injection are analyzed and summarized Studies are carried out of close elements of the reservoirs, fine reservoir types, oil-water distribution patterns, as well as factors controlling oil-gas enrichment. A static geological model and a prediction model of important tracts are established. Remaining recoverable reserves are calculated of all the oil wells and oil-sandstones. It is proposed that injection-production patterns of 348 oil-sandstones should be adjusted according to the analysis of adaptability of all kinds of sandstones in the injection-production wells.

线索位置和搜索方式对视觉搜索绩效的影响

By two different cue paradigms to cue target’s location or locations of all stimuli, this study is to discuss the search efficiency in different search modes. The research includes three experiments. The main results are as follows: The first experiment explores whether cueing target’s location has impact on vis-ual search performance under different search modes (parallel search and serial search). The results are: cueing target’s location has no facilitation effect in parallel search condition while has facilitation effect in serial search condition, the effect reflects the diffidence in slope of reaction time. In the second experiment, we want to explore whether cueing all stimuli’s loca-tions has impact on visual search performance under different search modes. The re-sults show that: cueing all stimuli’s locations has no facilitation effect in parallel search condition but has facilitation effect in serial search condition, the effect reflects the diffidence in intercept of reaction time. The third experiment is to explore the time course of facilitation effect in serial search. The result shows that only a 50ms which cueing all stimuli’s locations has fa-cilitation effect, with the longer cueing time, the more facilitation effect.

Continuous configuration time-dependent self-consistent field method for polyatomic quantum dynamical problems

A new continuous configuration time-dependent self-consistent field method has been developed to study polyatomic dynamical problems by using the discrete variable representation for the reaction system, and applied to a reaction system coupled to a bath. The method is very efficient because the equations involved are as simple as those in the traditional single configuration approach, and can account for the correlations between the reaction system and bath modes rather well. (C) American Institute of Physics.