157 resultados para Principle of individuation


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This paper describes the technique targets and operation principle of the scanning power supply for the deep tumor therapy facility with heavy ions in Cooler-Storage-Ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL-CSR).To ensure the specified accuracy of the current,the hysteresis loop control strategy was adopted,and tracking error was constrained in the specified tolerance.One prototype was designed and installed.And the simulation results and test results were listed in the paper.The results sho...中文摘要:阐述了用于兰州重离子深层治癌装置的扫描电源的技术指标和工作原理,为保证该电源输出电流的精度,采用滞环控制策略,将跟踪误差限制在设计要求的误差范围内。研制了1台扫描电源样机,并给出了电路仿真和测试结果。测试结果显示各项指标均达到了设计要求,表明所选电路结构和滞环控制方案是切实可行的。

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A Penning trap, which can measure the atomic masses with the highest precision, is one of the most important facilities in nuclear physics research nowadays. The precision mass data play an important role in the studies of nuclear models, mass formulas, nuclear synthesis processes in the nuclear astrophysics, symmetries of the weak interaction and the conserved vector current (CVC) hypothesis. The status of high precision mass measurement around the world, the basic principle of Penning trap and the basic information about the LPT (Lanzhou Penning Trap) are introduced.

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The SHANS spectrometer is under construction in the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science. The RFQ cooler and buncher RFQ1L is one of the key devices in the SHANS. To perform direct mass measurement, the Lanzhou Penning Trap LPT is also under construction. In this symposium, the principle of the SHANS, the status of RFQ1L and LPT and some primary test results will be reported.

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A simple novel method for preparing multiwalled carbon nanotubes/montmorillonite (MWNTs/MMT) hybrids has been established through mixing pristine MWNTs in MMT aqueous dispersion. The principle of this method is based on the formation of stable dispersion containing both MWNTs and MMT in water, which results from strong interaction between MWNTs and MMT platelets. Sedimentation experiments, measurements of potential, and Raman spectra have been used to confirm the presence of strong interaction between MWNTs and MMT sheets. The morphology observation for the dried MWNTs/MMT hybrids shows that the obtained hybrids are homogeneous, in which MWNTs exist as the state of single nanotubes that are absorbed on the surface and edge of MMT sheets.

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This review outlines current progresses in polymer solar cell. Compared to traditional silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) technology, the completely different principle of optoelectric response in the polymer cell results in a novel configuration of the device and more complicated photovoltaic generation process. The conception of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) is introduced and its advantage in terms of morphology is addressed. The main aspects including the morphology of photoactive layer, which limit the efficiency and stability of polymer solar cell, are discussed in detail. The solutions to boosting up both the efficiency and stability (lifetime) of the polymer solar cell are highlighted at the end of this review.

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The ion channel sensor is reviewed. The concept and sensing principle of this kind of sensor are briefly discussed. The fabrication of the sensing membrane and the application of the ion channel sensor in electroanalytical chemistry are evaluated. The future developing direction is also anticipated.

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琼胶是一种从石花菜等红藻中提取的,目前生产工艺和结构等方面研究比较成熟的海藻多糖,广泛应用于医药、仪器等行业。但是,海藻多糖因为具有分子量大,粘度大,溶解度较小的等特点,而使其应用范围受到限制。利用降解的手段对其进行修饰,降低分子量和粘度,改善溶解性,可以拓展其应用范围。并且根据文献报道,琼 胶寡糖具有一些特殊的生物活性,如抗氧化性,抗炎症等。因此,对琼胶降解的研究具有生要意义。本研究中,为了选择一种合适的降解方法,进行了几种水解方法的尝试,其中包括在不同湿度和酸度下盐酸水解,过氧化氢和醋酸催化水解,Fenton体系羟基自由基降解。对于酸水解和Fenton体系氧化还原降解方法,通过粘度法对反应的速度进行了比较,表明氧化还原降解反应中琼胶的粘度降低比较快,并且具有代表性和新意,确定为本实验的降解琼胶的方法并对氧化还原降解所得的产物进行了活性实验。通过模仿自然界普遍存在的氧化还原降解反应,利用Vc诱导的Fenton体系产生的羟基自由基氧化还原降解琼胶得到低分子量的琼胶。降解产物经过高速离心、60%乙醇沉淀,除去分子量比较大的降解产物和磷酸盐,得到可溶于60%乙醇的分子量估计小于3000的降争产物,其产率为85%。利用经Sephadex-G25凝胶色谱分离所香的不同分子量的级分进行分子量和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性关系的实验。降解产物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率和各级分的浓度呈线性正相关,并且各级分的IC_(50)则随着分子量的降低而降低。另外,对所得的降解产物混合物进行了红外吸收光谱、质子去偶核磁共震碳谱和负离子基质辅助激光诱导-飞行时间质谱结构分析。结果表明,氧化还原降解反应的专一性差,在得到寡糖的同时,在光谱图中出现一些比较复杂的副产物的结构信息。最后,根据MTT法的原理,以有体皮肤成纤维细胞为材料,通过紫外线辐射产生自由基造成氧化损伤,研究降解产物对成纤维细胞的保护作用。当无紫外线辐射时,降解产物对成纤维细胞具有显著的促进生长增殖作用:当经UVa、UBb辐射时则可以显著地表现出对损伤的保护作用,并且这种促进生长和保护作用呈显著的量效关系,表明降解产物具有清除基自由基的作用。但是,因为氧化还原降解以应的机理尚不十分明的以及琼羟胶的特殊结构,使得反应的副产物很难预测,也就使得分离工作难以进行,所以,根据目前所得的信息,尚不能确定是降解产物的什么级分产生的以上两种生物活性。

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本文结合飞行器电源系统故障维护特点,利用统计过程控制理论,从数理统计的角度对电源系统测试数据进行分析,设计了电源故障预测系统。文中阐述了系统的工作原理和利用LabView软件的实现过程。实验结果表明此预测系统可以发现故障征兆及时维护,提高系统安全性。最后阐述了进一步研究可能会遇到的问题。

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视觉伺服可以应用于机器人初始定位自动导引、自动避障、轨线跟踪和运动目标跟踪等控制系统中。传统的视觉伺服系统在运行时包括工作空间定位和动力学逆运算两个过程,需要实时计算视觉雅可比矩阵和机器人逆雅可比矩阵,计算量大,系统结构复杂。本文分析了基于图像的机器人视觉伺服的基本原理,使用BP神经网络来确定达到指定位姿所需要的关节角度,将视觉信息直接融入伺服过程,在保证伺服精度的情况下大大简化了控制算法。文中针对Puma560工业机器人的模型进行了仿真实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性。

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采用单神经元自适应PID控制器对永磁同步电机进行了调速控制。详细介绍了PMSM(PermanentMagnetSynchronousMotor)的矢量控制原理。最后给出PMSM单神经元自适应PID控制的仿真结果和硬件实现方法。仿真结果表明,该系统具有良好的动态性能。

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首先介绍了月表采样的新特点与存在的困难;根据月表环境、月表样品的特点以及嫦娥三期工程中对月表采样的要求,合理地选择了采样方式,研制出了一台六自由度机器人化月表采样器,并且对采样器的采样原理,机械系统和运动原理做了详细的分析;最后在石灰粉上做了采样实验,验证了多功能的机器人化月表采样器的基本功能与可行性。

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提出了一种基于图像统计信息的去椒盐噪声算法。该方法利用图像中心像素邻域的均值和方差来消除图像中椒盐噪声的影响。首先给出了这种算法的基本原理和实现,然后分别应用中值滤波算法、自适应中值滤波算法以及该算法对有椒盐噪声污染的图像进行滤波,并对实验结果进行比较和分析。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够消除椒盐噪声,而且能够保持图像的特征信息。最后,对这种算法复杂度也进行了计算分析,并将其和中值滤波算法以及自适应中值滤波算法的复杂度进行了比较,证明该算法比中值滤波算法以及自适应中值滤波算法的复杂度低。

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基于动量守恒关系,分析了空间机械臂抓取目标过程中的碰撞问题.针对单臂式系统提出了直臂抓取与广义直臂抓取构型,并将后者推广到双臂式空间机械臂系统.利用广义直臂抓取方法得到的空间机械臂构型,可有效减少碰撞作用对于空间机械臂系统角冲量、基座姿态的影响,保证了系统的稳定性,克服了控制算法中存在的构件转角和执行机构力矩限制问题.仿真证明了方法的有效性。

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介绍了我们研制的激光—CCD摄像机组合定位装置,给出了系统构成和定位原理,分析了这种定位装置的特点。提出了利用P3P实现对该定位装置标定的一种简易方法,该方法的特点是不需要标定摄像机的外参数及使用精密的标定设备,且具有较高的标定精度。最后利用我们设计的误差检测实验方法分析了系统的定位精度。

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针对基于原子力显微镜(AFM)的机器人化纳米操作,对探针作用下探针—基片—微粒之间纳观力的作用规律进行了初步分析.指出起主要作用的纳观力为范德华力、接触斥力、纳米摩擦力、毛细作用力以及纳米静电力等五种,并初步推导了各种纳观力的表达形式.通过力—距离曲线仿真与实验验证了所进行分析的合理性;该分析有助于进行纳米操作的精确控制.