Three-Particle Coincidence of the Long Range Pseudorapidity Correlation in High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

We report the first three-particle coincidence measurement in pseudorapidity (Delta eta) between a high transverse momentum (p(perpendicular to)) trigger particle and two lower p(perpendicular to) associated particles within azimuth |Delta phi| < 0.7 in root s(NN) = 200 GeV d + Au and Au + Au collisions. Charge ordering properties are exploited to separate the jetlike component and the ridge (long range Delta eta correlation). The results indicate that the correlation of ridge particles are uniform not only with respect to the trigger particle but also between themselves event by event in our measured Delta eta. In addition, the production of the ridge appears to be uncorrelated to the presence of the narrow jetlike component.

Azimuthal di-hadron correlations in d plus Au and Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV measured at the STAR detector

Yields, correlation shapes, and mean transverse momenta p(T) of charged particles associated with intermediate-to high-p(T) trigger particles (2.5 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c) in d + Au and Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are presented. For associated particles at higher p(T) greater than or similar to 2.5 GeV/c, narrow correlation peaks are seen in d + Au and Au + Au, indicating that the main production mechanism is jet fragmentation. At lower associated particle pT < 2 GeV/c, a large enhancement of the near- (Delta phi similar to 0) and away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) associated yields is found, together with a strong broadening of the away-side azimuthal distributions in Au + Au collisions compared to d + Au measurements, suggesting that other particle production mechanisms play a role. This is further supported by the observed significant softening of the away-side associated particle yield distribution at Delta phi similar to pi in central Au + Au collisions.

Balance functions from Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV

Balance functions have been measured for charged-particle pairs, identified charged-pion pairs, and identified charged-kaon pairs in Au + Au, d + Au, and p + p collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the STAR detector. These balance functions are presented in terms of relative pseudorapidity, Delta eta, relative rapidity, Delta y, relative azimuthal angle, Delta phi, and invariant relative momentum, q(inv). For charged-particle pairs, the width of the balance function in terms of Delta eta scales smoothly with the number of participating nucleons, while HIJING and UrQMD model calculations show no dependence on centrality or system size. For charged-particle and charged-pion pairs, the balance functions widths in terms of Delta eta and Delta y are narrower in central Au + Au collisions than in peripheral collisions. The width for central collisions is consistent with thermal blast-wave models where the balancing charges are highly correlated in coordinate space at breakup. This strong correlation might be explained by either delayed hadronization or limited diffusion during the reaction. Furthermore, the narrowing trend is consistent with the lower kinetic temperatures inherent to more central collisions. In contrast, the width of the balance function for charged-kaon pairs in terms of Delta y shows little centrality dependence, which may signal a different production mechanism for kaons. The widths of the balance functions for charged pions and kaons in terms of q(inv) narrow in central collisions compared to peripheral collisions, which may be driven by the change in the kinetic temperature.

Secondary electron time detector for mass measurements at CSRe

The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry is a high accurate mass spectrometer. A secondary electrons time detector has been developed and used for mass measurements. Secondary electrons from a thin carbon foil are accelerated by ail electric field and deflected 180 degrees by a magnetic field onto a micro-channel plate. The time detector has been tested with alpha particles and a time resolution of 197 ps (FWHM) was obtained in the laboratory. A mass resolution around 8 x 10(-6) For Delta m/m was achieved by using this time detector in a pilot mass measurement experiment.

RS&GIS支持下的模糊数学宗地评估应用研究

利用RS技术实时、丰富的信息量对宗地估价底图进行定期更新,利用GIS强大的图形数据和属性数据管理和分析功能对宗地资料进行有效管理,建立GIS宗地估价信息系统,从系统中提取相似交易宗地。根据市场比较法原理,运用模糊数学方法进行宗地地价评估。结果表明该方法减少了因素修正时的主观性,提高了评估的精度和效率。

RS与GIS在城市热岛效应研究中的应用

以 TM热红外波段的遥感图象数据 ,结合遥感图象处理软件和地理信息系统软件分别对各种城市用地类型及市内各城区的光谱反射值进行统计 ,同时 ,也对市区和郊区的气象数据进行统计。根据热岛效应的特征、空间分布及其变化 ,提出了相应的防治对策。

基于GIS、RS和RUSLE的林区土壤侵蚀定量研究——以大兴安岭呼中地区为例

U SL E是美国农业部 (U SDA)土壤保持局建立的以大量试验数据为基础的经验性方程 ,主要应用于农业区域的土壤侵蚀的监测 ,现已被广泛应用。 RUSL E是 U SL E的改进方程 ,尽管它们的表达式相同 ,但 RUSL E从技术性和确定因子的两方面进行了改进 ,具有更广泛的应用范围和更高的精度。以地理信息系统 (GIS)、遥感 (RS)和修正的通用土壤流失方程 (RU SL E)为核心 ,根据呼中地区 1990年遥感影像解译数据、统计资料和实地考察得到地貌、植被、降雨量 ,林业采伐 ,火烧迹地等资料 ,确定方程中各因子 ,并介绍林区各因子确定的方法 ,对大兴安岭呼中地区土壤流失量进行了定量化分析 ,评价该区森林采伐和火烧对土壤流失的影响 ,进行水土流失的定量评价。结果表明呼中地区总水土流失量为 4 2 75 37.5 t/ a,大部分地区小于 3.5 t/ (hm2 · a) ,低于水利部 1984年颁布的允许流失量标准 (2～ 10 t/ hm2 · a) ,总体水土保持良好。但是研究区内水土流失严重地区十分集中 ,主要分布在坡度较陡处和火烧、采伐迹地。在无人类和火烧干扰的情况下坡度对水土流失影响最显著。

基于RS、GIS及k-近邻法的森林蓄积量估测

为了解决利用空间技术(RS、GIS)以及数量化方法进行森林蓄积估测预报精度较低或是应用范围有限等问题,提出了一种新的森林蓄积估测方法以提高估测精度,即基于遥感(RS)及地理信息系统(GIS)技术提取光谱信息及地形信息作为估测的自变量,利用k-近邻法进行估测。通过在白河林业局调查取样,进行实例分析,方法精度达到90%以上。最后对于使用该方法应该注意的条件及问题进行了说明。

基于RS的东北平原杨树人工林生长模型的研究

利用遥感技术和多元回归方法,分析了东北平原杨树人工林的立地因子与TM(thematic mapper)影像的关系,建立杨树林生长与植被因子和土壤因子的关系,拟合立地因子——林木生长模型。结果表明:在吉林省农安县南部的防护林类型中,以可溶性总盐(X1)和pH值(X2)为影响林木高(H)生长的主导因子,回归方程为:H=8.431-119.699X1+1.617X2(P<0.01);在吉林省农安县北部防护林类型中,以有机质含量(X1)和0.01～0.25mm粒级含量(X2)为影响林木高(H)生长的主导因子,回归方程为:H=16.421+2.616X1-0.089X2(P<0.01)。回归关系达到了显著水平,根据立地因子,可以预测东北平原农田防护林中的双杨快杨(Populus×xiaozhuanica)和北京杨(Populus×beijingensis)的林木生长状况。

基于RS和GIS的松潘县景观变化研究

基于四期遥感影像对松潘县的景观变化进行了研究。研究方法除采用了传统的景观指数方法外,引入Kappa系数对景观变化进行分析。研究结果表明:松潘县景观的破碎化程度不断增加,自然斑块仍为景观的基质。根据Kappa系数计算结果,景观的数量、位置和综合变化均在10%以下,但在三个时期内变化情况不同。

基于RS和GIS的县域土地利用变化特征分析

基于RS和GIS技术,结合土地利用变化指数模型定量分析了江西省新建县1991—2000年(分两个时段)的土地利用变化时空特征。结果表明,研究期间耕地面积减少2199.181hm2,林地面积增加1655.375hm2,建设用地面积增加1880.467hm2,未利用地减少1290.016hm2,草地和水域面积变化不大。6种土地利用类型中建设用地变化动态度最大,其次为未利用地,再次为林地和耕地,且研究区1991—2000年区域综合土地利用动态度为0.165%。土地利用程度综合指数1991年、1996年、2000年分别为243.687、244.084、244.868,呈上升趋势。土地利用空间动态度仍以建设用地为最大,其次为未利用地和草地,耕地最小。同时,研究得出了各土地利用类型在研究时段的“涨势”或“落势”状态。新建县1996—2000年区域土地利用变化空间动态度比1991—1996年有所下降,且土地利用变化逐渐由双向转移向单向不平衡转移转化。

基于RS和GIS黄河三角洲水禽生境因子变化分析

将影响水禽生境选择的因子划分为水、食物、隐蔽物和干扰4类.用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)软件对黄河三角洲地区3期TM数据进行处理,对各生境因子采取一定的分类方法,得出该地区3个时期各生境因子图.通过面积、斑块数变化及转移矩阵的分析可以看出,各生境因子的结构发生了明显的变化,变化表现为干扰加重,积水地区面积增大,谷物草籽面积及适宜隐蔽物范围减少.人类的有意识活动(干扰)是引起各生境因子发生变化的主要驱动力.生境因子变化对水禽生境既有正面影响,又有负面影响.图9表5参30

基于RS与GIS的乔木层物种多样性分布格局——以辽东山区水源涵养林为例

根据ETM+遥感影像与实地考察数据,通过建立乔木层物种多样性反演模型及模型地面验证等方法,对辽东山区水源涵养林乔木层物种多样性分布格局及其在不同海拔高度和坡向上的分布状况进行了研究。结果表明:归一化植被指数(NDVI)、湿度(TC3)和绿度(TC2)与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数相关性较高,3个植被指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的回归模型可靠(R2=0.637,P<0.01)。地面验证结果表明,模型能解释乔木层物种多样性的69.38%;乔木层物种多样性指数主要集中在1.0~2.2,并符合"中间海拔高度膨胀"理论;坡向对乔木层物种多样性分布的影响体现在东北坡出现高物种多样性的可能性最大,验证了由于坡向导致的水热差异,从而影响物种多样性的结论。

基于RS与GIS的沈阳城市森林景观格局动态变化

在RS和GIS的支持下,应用景观生态学的理论和方法,借助各种遥感影像,采用景观空间格局指标定量分析,研究了1992—2006年沈阳城市森林景观格局的动态变化。结果表明,沈阳城市森林景观格局的演变过程中,政策因素起着决定性的作用。1992—2001年间,城市森林景观格局破碎化程度加大;2001—2006年间沈阳城市森林景观格局发生了相对较大的转变,破碎化程度得到缓解。5种城市森林景观类型中,生态公益林的变化最为合理,风景游憩林、生产经营林居中,附属林和道路林的变化最不合理。

Trends in heavy metal levels in the dissolved and particulate phase in the Dutch rhine-meuse (MAAS) delta*

Levels of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, in both the dissolved and particulate phase, were determined in two sampling campaigns in August 1978 and August 1984 in the Dutch Rhine-Meuse (Maas) Delta. Besides the heavy metal concentrations, other important parameters were determined, such as the concentrations of seston, chlorophyll and nutrients. The concentrations of dissolved Cd and of Cd, Pb and Cu in particulate matter were much higher in 1978 than in 1984, especially for Cd. This may be due to the strict regulations implemented in Germany to reduce the pollution of natural waters by heavy metals. The correlation between the high Cd content and the chlorophyll content is explained by the binding of Cd to living and dead organisms. The distribution of the metals between the dissolved and the particulate phase, indicated by the distribution quotient Kd , increases from low values of Kd for Cu and Zn, to higher values for Cd and Cr, and the highest values for Pb. The differences are explained by various binding forms of each of these metals in natural waters