城市NOx人体健康风险评估的GIS应用研究

城市大气污染是人类目前及未来面临的主要健康威胁之一,而随着交通的发展NOx对人体健康的影响越来越受到重视。基于GIS技术进行健康风险评估的研究是目前城市环境健康问题研究的热点。论文采用环境健康风险评估的基本框架(浓度、暴露、剂量、效应4个环节),应用GIS栅格数据模型和域面分析技术构建城市空气质量健康风险空间量化评估模型,模拟了主要大气污染物NOx的剂量—效应函数关系;并根据污染物的分布进行城市局地尺度NOx健康风险评估。

海洋GIS数据模型与结构

探讨了海洋GIS中的数据模型和数据结构问题。根据物理海洋学的研究方法,提出了海洋GIS的数据表达模型。针对海洋GIS中水体的特点,提出了适合海洋GIS水体的多级化格网型数据结构,给出了两种大尺度海洋常用的格网化方案:全球等角格网化方案和全球等面积格网化方案。这种格网型数据结构是普通GRID的扩展,具有鲜明的海洋数据应用特色

基于栅格GIS滑坡风险评价方法中格网大小选取分析

以地理信息系统(GIS)作为工具和研究手段的滑坡风险评价方法已得到了普遍的认可和使用,较为成熟的方法是基于栅格GIS的滑坡风险评价方法,即将滑坡风险评价中考虑的各种因子归一化处理后转换成相同空间分辨率的定量数据,然后根据特定模型进行数据运算,最后得到风险评价结果图。但在风险评价过程中存在这样的问题:对于已经量化的各影响因子,采用什么样的空间分辨率来栅格化这些因子数据才比较合适。该文以基于地形的香港大屿山滑坡风险评价为例,分析了影响空间分辨率选择的因子,并给出了影响因子空间分辨率确定的经验公式。

Using the RBFN model and GIS technique to assess wind erosion hazard of inner Mongolia, China

Soil wind erosion is the primary process and the main driving force for land desertification and sand-dust storms in and and semi-arid areas of Northern China. While many researchers have studied this issue, this study quantified the various indicators of soil wind erosion, using the GIS technology to extract the spatial data and to construct a RBFN (Radial Basis Function Network) model for Inner Mongolia. By calibrating sample data of the different levels of wind erosion hazard, the model parameters were established, and then the assessment of wind erosion hazard. Results show that in the southern parts of Inner Mongolia wind erosion hazards are very severe, counties in the middle regions of Inner Mongolia vary from moderate to severe, and in eastern are slight. Comparison of the results with other research shows conformity with actual conditions, proving the reasonability and applicability of the RBFN model. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Analysis of spatio-temporal dynamic pattern and driving forces of urban land in China in 1990s using TM images and GIS

China has witnessed fast urban growth in the recent decade. This study analyzes spatio-temporal characteristics of urban expansion in China using satellite images and regionalization methods. Landsat TM images at three time periods, 1990/1991, 1995/1996, and 1999/2000, are interpreted to get 1:100000 vector land use datasets. The study calculates the urban land percentage and urban land expansion index of every 1 km(2) cell throughout China. The study divides China into 27 urban regions to conceive dynamic patterns of urban land changes. Urban development was achieving momentum in the western region, expanding more noticeably than in the previous five years, and seeing an increased growth percentage. Land use dynamic changes reflect the strong impacts of economic growth environments and macro-urban development policies. The paper helps to distinguish the influences of newly market-oriented forces from traditional administrative controls on China's urban expansion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of siping urban expansion based on remote sensing and GIS

Based on the RS and GIS methods, Siping city is selected as a study case with four remote sensing images in 25 years. Indices of urban morphology such as fractal dimension and compactness are employed to research the characteristics of urban expansion. Through digital processing and interpreting of the images, the process and characteristics of urban expansion are analysed using urban area change, fractal dimension and compactness. The results showed that there are three terms in this period. It expended fastest in the period of 1979~1991, and in the period of 1992~2001, the emphases on urban redevelopment made it expended slower. And this is in agreement with the Siping Statistical Yearbook. This indicates that the united of metrics of urban morphology and statistical data can be used to satisfactorily describe the process and characteristics of urban expansion. © 2008 IEEE.