Optical properties of the E-0+Delta(0) energy level higher than the bandgap of GaAs studied by micro-photoluminescence technique

Using micro-photoluminescence technique, we observed a new photoluminescence peak about 0.348 eV above the bandgap of GaAs (E-0). By analyzing its optical characteristics, we assigned this peak to the nonequilibrium luminescence emission from the E-0 + Delta(0) bandgap in semi-insulated GaAs, which was further verified by Raman results. The observed polarization, excitation power dependence and temperature dependence of the photoluminescence spectra from the E-0 + Delta(0) energy level were very similar to those from the E-0 of GaAs. This mainly resulted from the common conduction band around Gamma(6) that was involved in the two optical transition processes, and indicated that the optical properties of bulk GaAs were mainly determined by the intrinsic properties of the conduction band. Our results demonstrated that the micro-photoluminescence technique is a powerful tool to investigate the high energy states above the fundamental bandgap in semiconductor materials.

Study of the νi13/2－1 band in 189Pt

High-spin levels of 189Pt have been studied with the in-beam γ-spectroscopy method via the 176Yb(18O,5n) reaction at the beam energies of 88 and 95 MeV. The previously known νi-131/2 band has been confirmed, and its unfavored signature branch extended up to the 13/2+ state. Within the framework of the triaxial particle-rotor model, the νi-113/2 band is suggested to be associated with the 11/2[615] configuration, and to have triaxial deformation.

双奇核174Re高自旋能级结构研究

利用能量为125140MeV的27Al束流，通过重离子核反应152Sm(27Al,5n) 研究了双奇核174Re的高自旋态能级结构。实验进行了射线的激发函数、X-和-符合测量。基于实验测量结果，拓展了174Re的能级纲图，纲图中包括五条转动带。本工作拓展了原有的三条转动带，并新发现了两条内禀组态分别为π9/2[514]⊗ν5/2[512]与π1/2[541]⊗ν5/2[512]的转动带。通过对实验数据的分析，建议了各能级的自旋、宇称，并对各转动带的内禀组态进行了指认。在二准粒子-转子模型的基础上，从邻近核各组态能级信息出发，估算了174Re的带头能量。建议π1/2[541]⊗ν5/2[512]为174Re基态的内禀组态。根据纲图中出现的转动带间交叉跃迁，在带混合理论基础上提取与分析了相关组态的相互作用强度与跃迁电四极矩比。用准粒子形状驱动效应解释了不同组态转动带间跃迁电四极矩的显著差别。最后，讨论了174Re中出现的旋称反转现象

Prolate and oblate shape coexistence in Pt-188

A standard in-beam gamma-spectroscopy experiment for Pt-188 is performed via the Yb-176(O-18, 6n) reaction at beam energies of 88 and 95 MeV, and the level scheme for (188) Pt is established. Prolate and oblate shape coexistence has been demonstrated to occur in Pt-188 by applying the projected shell model. The rotation alignment of i(13/2) neutrons drives the yrast sequence changing suddenly from prolate to oblate shape at angular momentum 10th, indicating likely a new type of shape phase transition along the yrast line in Pt-188.

Signature inversion in pi h(9/2) circle times nu i(13/2) oblate band of Tl-188

High-spin Level structure of Tl-188 has been studied via Gd-157 (Cl-35,4n) fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energy of 170MeV. A rotational band built on the pi h(9/2) circle times nu i(13/2) configuration with oblate deformation has been established. Spin values have been proposed to the pi h(9/2) circle times nu i(13/2) oblate band based on the similarities between the oblate band of Tl-188 and those in odd-odd Tl190-200. With the spin assignments, the low-spin signature inversion has been revealed for the pi h(9/2) circle times nu i(13/2) oblate band of Tl-188. The low-spin signature inversion can be interpreted qualitatively in the framework of the quasi-particles plus rotor model including a J dependent p-n residual interaction.

Identification of a quasiparticle band in very neutron-rich Zr-104

The high spin levels of a very neutron-rich Zr-104 nucleus have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt. rays in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The ground-state band has been confirmed. A new sideband has been identified with a band-head energy at 1928.7 keV. The projected shell model is employed to investigate the band structure of Zr-104. The results of calculated levels are in good agreement with the experimental data, and suggest that the new band in Zr-104 may be based on the neutron nu 5/2(-)[532] circle times nu 3/2(+)[411] configuration.

New development of advanced superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source SECRAL (invited)

Superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advance design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is an 18-28 GHz fully superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source dedicated for highly charged heavy ion beam production. SECRAL, with an innovative superconducting magnet structure of solenoid-inside-sextupole and at lower frequency and lower rf power operation, may open a new way for developing compact and reliable high performance superconducting ECR ion source. One of the recent highlights achieved at SECRAL is that some new record beam currents for very high charge states were produced by 18 GHz or 18+14.5 GHz double frequency heating, such as 1 e mu A of Xe-129(43+), 22 e mu A of Bi-209(41+), and 1.5 e mu A of Bi-209(50+). To further enhance the performance of SECRAL, a 24 GHz/7 kW gyrotron microwave generator was installed and SECRAL was tested at 24 GHz. Some promising and exciting results at 24 GHz with new record highly charged ion beam intensities were produced, such as 455 e mu A of Xe-129(27+) and 152 e mu A of Xe-129(30+), although the commissioning time was limited within 3-4 weeks and rf power only 3-4 kW. Bremsstrahlung measurements at 24 GHz show that x-ray is much stronger with higher rf frequency, higher rf power. and higher minimum mirror magnetic field (minimum B). Preliminary emittance measurements indicate that SECRAL emittance at 24 GHz is slightly higher that at 18 GHz. SECRAL has been put into routine operation at 18 GHz for heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) accelerator complex since May 2007. The total operation beam time from SECRAL for HIRFL accelerator has been more than 2000 h, and Xe-129(27+), Kr-78(19+), Bi-209(31+), and Ni-58(19+) beams were delivered. All of these new developments, the latest results, and long-term operation for the accelerator have again demonstrated that SECRAL is one of the best in the performance of ECR ion source for highly charged heavy ion beam production. Finally the future development of SECRAL will be presented.

缺中子奇质量数Au核高自旋态能级结构研究

利用能量为164-180MeV的35Cl束流，通过重离子核反应149Sm(35Cl,5n) 研究了179Au的高自旋态能级结构。实验进行了γ射线的激发函数、X-γ和γ-γ-t符合测量。基于实验测量结果，首次建立了179Au的1/2[660](πi13/2)转动带。结合已有的实验数据，着重讨论了奇-A Au核中1/2[660](πi13/2) 转动带的形变和带头激发能随中子数的变化。用能量为140MeV的29Si束流轰击159Tb金属靶，布居了183Au核的高自旋态。实验中要求至少有3个高纯锗和2个BGO探测器同时点火，在此符合条件下，记录高纯锗探测器探测到的γ射线的能量和相对时间、BGO探测到的γ射线的总能量和多重性。通过对实验数据的分析，扩展并更新了183Au的能级纲图。首次建立了183Au的πi13/2转动带的能量非优先带。分析并讨论了缺中子奇-A Au中πh9/2转动带的能量非优先带和πf7/2转动带间的相互作用

双奇核190Tl和146Tb高自旋态能级结构研究

本论文介绍了原子核高自旋态研究的一般概况及有关核模型，描述了在束γ谱实验的原理与技术、数据分析与处理方法，然后着重分析和讨论了双奇核190Tl和146Tb高自旋能级结构的特性。 利用能量为175和167MeV的35Cl束流，通过反应160Gd(35Cl,5n)研究了双奇形变核190Tl的高自旋能级结构。实验进行了γ射线的激发函数和各向异度、X-γ和γ-γ-t符合测量，建立了由πh9/2νi13/2扁椭球转动带和一个具有单粒子激发特征的级联组成的190Tl能级纲图。确定地指定了190Tl的转动带自旋值，首次发现了190Tl πh9/2νi13/2扁椭球转动带的低自旋旋称反转。基于双奇核Tl能级结构的相似性，重新指定了双奇核192-200Tl πh9/2νi13/2扁椭球转动带能级自旋值，澄清了二十多年来国际上一直没有解决的自旋值指定问题且在这些扁椭形变核中均出现了低自旋旋称反转。考虑了p-n剩余相互作用的2-准粒子—转子模型定性地解释πh9/2νi13/2扁椭球转动带出现的低自旋旋称反转现象。 利用118Sn(32S ,1p3n)反应研究了双奇球形核146Tb的高自旋态，建立了激发能达8.39 MeV的能级纲图，其中包括新发现的41条γ射线和新建立的27个能级，并指定了新发现能级的自旋值和部分能级的组态。146Tb81的低位激发态是二准粒子态，高位的激发态是四准粒子态，或二准粒子与偶偶核芯低位激发态的耦合，更高位的能级则是六准粒子态，甚至八准粒子态。利用经验壳模型对部分全顺排组态的激发能进行了理论计算

双奇核188Tl高自旋态能级结构研究

本论文首先介绍了在束谱学实验技术研究原子核高自旋态的基础理论知识，然后描述了实验数据的处理方法。在此基础上，详细分析并讨论了188Tl核高自旋态能级结构的性质。利用能量为170 MeV 的35Cl束流,通过157Gd(35Cl,4n)熔合蒸发反应研了188Tl的高自旋态能级结构。基于实验结果，建立了188Tl基于质子h9/2

187Pt的高自旋态能级结构研究

利用在束γ谱学技术和 173Yb(18O, 4n) 熔合蒸发反应研究了 187Pt 的高自旋态能级结构。在 78 和 85 MeV 束流能量下进行了X-γ-t和γ-γ-t符合测量。实验观测到基于νi13/2，ν7/2−[503]，νi213/2νj, ν3/2−[512] 和ν1/2−[521] 组态的转动带，并且利用推转壳模型(CSM) 和总Routhian面(TRS) 模型对这些转动带的带交叉，形状共存等性质进行了解释。总Routhian面(TRS)计算表明νi13/2转动带具有显著的负γ形变；负宇称带具有近似长椭球的形变。通过比较带内B(M1)/B(E2)比率的实验值和由 Dönau 和 Frauendorf 的半经典公式得到的理论值，发现ν7/2−[503] 转动带在低转动频率下的带交叉是由一对 h9/2 质子顺排引起的

原子核145Tb和157Yb的高自旋态能级结构研究

本论文分为两部分：1）利用能量为165 Mev的飞束流，通过熔合蒸发反应118Sn（32S，1p4n），用12套BGO（AC）HPGe探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、X-γ-t和γ-γ-t符合测量。首次建立了由50个能级、81条γ跃迁组成的145Tb的高自旋态能级纲图。基于邻近N＝80同中子素能级结构的系统性，用弱祸合模型对145Tb的低位能级结构进行了解释。145Tb的低位能级可以看成是由一个hll尼价质子与偶偶核芯144Gd的2＋，4＋和3-激发态祸合而成。通过粒子一核芯相互作用计算很好地再现了145Tb的低位激发态。通过比较可知，（πh11/2⑧v-22+，4+）和（πh11/2×3-）多重态的激发能与相应核芯的激发态能量相差不大，这说明价质子与核芯的相互作用比较弱。本工作在多粒子壳模型组态基础上对145Th的更高激发态进行了深入讨论。为了使实验能级的组态指定更为直接方便，采用了参数无关的半经验壳模型计算。其结果清楚地揭示了球形核多准粒子的激发特性。通过与计算结果比较，明确地指定了晕态能级和部分非晕态能级的组态。 2）利用能量为90MeV的16O束流，通过144Sm（16O，3n）反应，用11套BGO（AC）HPGe探测器进行了长时间的γ-γ-t符合测量。基于γ-γ符合关系、γ射线的各向异性度和DCO系数的测量结果，首次建立了157Yb的高自旋能级纲图。确定了157Yb的13／2+同质异能态的激发能为530 keV。此同质异能态已经被前人指定，其激发能却一直未知。观测到了157Yb的vi13/2龙转动带。157Yb能级纲图中的角动量较低部分显示了轻微扁椭与长椭形变之间的共存。随着角动量增加，157Yb的vi13/2带逐渐损失其集体性，其能级结构演变为具有准振动的激发样式，最后被单粒子激发所取代。用TRs模型计算了157Yb的vi13/2转动带随着角动量增加的形状演变。计算结果很好地再现了实验观测。本工作表明，157Yb不但在核素图上连接了基态为球形（N＜87）和有明显长椭球形变（N＞87）的2组同位素，而且同时具有这2组同位素的结构性质。