100 resultados para GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE


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Chemically modified electrodes prepared by adsorbing prussian blue on a glassy carbon electrode are shown to catalyse the electro-oxidation of cysteine, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione in acidic media. The catalytic response is evaluated with respect to the potential scan rate, the solution pH, the concentration dependence, and other variables. Covering the electrode with Nafion(R) film improved the stability and reproducibility in liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to the extent that repetitive sample injections produced relative standard deviations of less than 5% over several hours of operation. The limit of detection was 4 pmol for cysteine, 33 pmol for glutathione and 61 pmol for N-acetylcysteine.

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The dispersion of alumina particles on a glassy-carbon surface serving as a modified electrode significantly enhances the amperometric detection of cysteine and glutathione following liquid chromatography. With an applied potential of 0.8 V vs. SCE, the detection limits were 1.2 ng for cysteine and 8 ng for glutathione and the electrode response was linear up to 600 ng for cysteine and 1.8-mu-g for glutathione. The modified electrode displayed high sensitivity and stability and was easy and inexpensive to prepare.

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The complexes of rare earth ions with glutathione were prepared and charactrized by IR and Raman spectroscopy in the solid state. Based on the spectral results, the structure and coordination sites of the ligand in these complexes were determined.

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The aim of this study was to test the protective roles of superoxide dismutases (SODs), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) against oxidative damage and their activities in different phases of the dry down process in Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. leaves. Drought stress was imposed during 100 consecutive days and rewatering after 16, 72, and 100 days. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde, and SODs activities were elevated significantly with progressing drought stress. POD and CAT activities increased markedly in the early phase of drought and decreased significantly with further drought stress continuation, and POD activity was unable to recover after rewatering. Ascorbate, reduced glutathione, APX, and GR activities declined in the initial stages of drought process, elevated significantly with further increasing water deficit progression and recovered after rewatering. These results indicate that: (1) iron SODs-removing superoxide anion is very effective during the whole drought stress; (2) CAT scavenges H2O2 in the early phase of drought and enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle scavenge H2O2 in further increasing drought stress; and (3) POD does not contribute to protect against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 under drought stress.

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A microchip electrophoresis method coupled with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was established for simultaneous determination of two kinds of intracellular signaling molecules (reactive oxygen species, ROS, and reduced glutathione, GSH) related to apoptosis and oxidative stress. As the probe dihydrorhodamine-123 (DHR123) can be converted intracellularly by ROS to the fluorescent rhodamine-123 (Rh123), and the probe naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) can react quickly with GSH to produce a fluorescent adduct, rapid determination of Rh-123 and GSH was achieved on a glass microchip within 27 s using a 20 mm borate buffer (pH 9.2). The established method was tested to measure the intracellular ROS and GSH levels in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived NB4 cells. An elevation of intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH were observed in apoptotic N134 cells induced by arsenic trioxide (AS(2)O(3)) at low concentration (1-2 mu m). Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), in combination with AS(2)O(3) enhanced the decrease of reduced GSH to a great extent. The combined treatment of AS(2)O(3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to an inverse relationship between the concentrations of ROS and GSH obtained, showing the proposed method can readily evaluate the generation of ROS, which occurs simultaneously with the consumption of the inherent antioxidant.

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无根萍属(Wolffia )隶属于浮萍科天南星目,是世界上最小的被子植物。该属植物繁殖速度快;易于培养;结构简单,只具有一个雄蕊和一个雌蕊;自然状态下通常为克隆繁殖,遗传结构高度一致,具备特定研究目的模式植物的特点,正在或已经成为一些实验室研究光合作用、生物反应器、毒理学、生态修复和环境监测等的重要模式生物材料;同时还被作为建造航天生活仓和地外生命支撑系统的首选植物。该属植物蛋白含量高且氨基酸组分平衡,营养价值可与大豆相媲美。但该属植物一直是分类学界的疑难类群,不同的学者对该属的分类处理比较混乱;其次,对该属的生物地理研究也很不够,尤其是对国产类群的研究;另外,W. globosa 作为该属中国分布的物种,其生理学特性和形态结构发育还缺乏研究。为此,本文通过mat K 基因测序、RAPD 标记等手段,结合野外和室内的长期观测,对其分类和中国的地理分布以及生理学特性进行了研究。针对浮萍科植物作为水生植物,其对重金属和芳香烃衍生物的耐受逆境能力大小,和对淡水水体环境生态的指示作用。本文研究了W. globosa 具解毒功能的谷胱甘肽转硫酶的活性;最后,探索了从黄鳝(Monpterus albus Zuiew )中分离纯化GSTs 的技术与方法并对maGST 的部分特性进行了研究。主要研究结果如下: 1. Wolffia 系统分类学研究 前人认为,Wolffia 柱头的颜色是重要的分组、分种检索性状。我们对其长期、活体、原位、实时跟踪观测结果表明,柱头颜色是Wolffia 个体发育上的变化过程,不是一个稳定性状,用作Wolffia subgroup 内组的划分特征和种的鉴别特征是不适合的。在此基础上我们重新修定了该属的分种检索表。利用形态分类学性状——气孔、长/宽、高/宽以及最大宽度在水面上还是水面下等性状,认为中国分布的类群应是W. globosa,但亦有W. neglecta 存在的证据。mat K 基因片段结果支持形态学的结论。通过广泛的野外采集,在我国北京、河北和吉林发现Wolffia 的新分布。 2. 中国Wolffia 居群遗传学研究 以RAPD 分子标记对广泛分布的居群遗传多样性研究表明,无根萍属植物主要以无性繁殖方式繁育,居群主要由单一克隆后代组成,如海河流域以及松花江流域居群;但一些居群亦兼有性繁殖方式,并具较高的遗传多样性,如武汉、海南居群。利用MVSP, Popgene 和Ntsys 等分析方法探讨了中国产Wolffia 居群遗传多样性和地理分布格局间关系。 3. W. globosa 的生理学研究 建立了较为完善的W. globosa 的无菌培养和保存体系。W. globosa 在逆境中,会形成休眠体;同时,发现不同居群甚至不同克隆系之间其抗逆性和生长速度存在着显著差异,差异最大的如海南文昌居群的生长速率,是长春居群的4.19 倍;不同的时间统计生长周期存在着不同结果,生长节律每天有两个生长高峰呈双“S”型;W. globosa 的耐受温度范围和pH 范围广;低浓度的IAA,GA,6-BA, EDDHA-Fe 以及EDTA 等物质具有促进W. globosa 生长的特性;但是,所有这些处理均没能促使W. globosa 从营养生长转入生殖生长。 4. W. globosa 的解剖学研究 W. globosa 通常是进行克隆繁殖,通过组织切片发现无性分枝子体还未伸出母株之前就已经完成分化,与此同时分枝子体中又分化出新的子体,分枝呈聚伞状,子体生长方向彼此相对;另外,生殖生长结构的分化也是在母体中完成的;生殖生长点与营养生长点不是同一生长点。 5. 浮萍科植物的毒理学研究 以重金属Cr3+和芳香烃衍生物CDNB 溶液处理Wolffia,Spirodela 和Lemna, 三种水生生物,结果表明Wolffia 比Spirodela, Lemna 对重金属和芳香烃衍生物有更强的抗逆能力,如在同等条件下对于Cr3+Wolffia 的半致死剂量800GB(≈ 80mg/L),而Spirodela 和Lemna 则分别为10mg/L;20mg/L;表明W. globosa 是一个优良的生态环境修复植物。与此同时,研究了W. globosa 中具有解毒功能的GSTs 粗酶液活力在不同浓度的重金属离子(Cu2+和Cd2+)以及芳香烃衍生物(CDNB 和NBD-Cl)随处理时间的变化情况。 6. 从水生生物黄鳝Monpterus albus Zuiew 中分离纯化GSTs 的研究GSTs 活性的变化是环境监测的一个Biomarker,为此研究从M. albus 中分离 纯化GSTs 的技术与方法。经GSH 亲和层析纯化的酶活力为粗酶液的207 倍,进而鉴定了maGST 的部分特性。SDS-PAGE 电泳和MALDI-TOF/MS 表明MaGST 为同源二聚体,分子量约为52kDa,单亚基分子量约为26 kDa。maGST 酶动力学表明对CDNB 为13.07 ± 0.37 微摩尔每分钟每毫克蛋白;对NBD-Cl 为5.54 ± 微摩尔每分钟每毫克蛋白;对ECA、4-NPA 几乎没有活性。在GSH 底物饱和,CDNB 的Km 值和Vmax 分别为0.32 mM 和16.19 微摩尔每分钟每毫克蛋白;CDNB 底物饱和,GSH 的Km 值和Vmax 分别为0.44 mM 和28.83 微摩尔每分钟每毫克蛋白。maGST 的酶活性pH 值较宽,温度范围广:在pH7.0-7.5 具有最大速度,在pH6.5 和pH8.5 时分别具有65%和72%的酶活力;在45℃时具有最大活性,30℃和55℃时为最大活力的80%,60℃几乎完全丧失酶活力。

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在植物中大多数功能基因是以基因家族的形式存在的,而基因重复则是基因家族的一种重要的进化方式。很多基因往往是由重复事件产生形成不同的拷贝,进而分化形成基因家族。谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSTs)是一类古老、庞大、行使解毒、抗逆、信号转导等多种功能的一个基因家族。本研究以栽培水稻(Oryza sativa ssp. japonica c.v. Nipponbare)为研究材料,以栽培水稻的Phi类GST的5个基因(OsGSTF3、OsGSTF6、OsGSTF14、OsGSTF15、OsGSTF16)为研究对象,分析了它们的系统发生和起源历史、不同组织的差异性表达、编码蛋白质的功能差异等问题,探讨了基因重复后5个基因的功能变化,主要结果如下: 1. OsGSTF3、OsGSTF14、OsGSTF15、OsGSTF16由串联重复产生,而OsGSTF6则由DNA转座产生;它们起源时间早在稻属(Oryza)分化之前。 2. 对水稻不同部位组织的RT-PCR结果表明这5个基因在水稻中的特异性表达组织部位有较大差异:OsGSTF3基因在叶、叶鞘、茎、根4个部位均有大量表达;OsGSTF6基因仅在叶中有表达;OsGSTF14基因在叶鞘、茎2个部位中有表达;OsGSTF15基因在茎、根2个部位中有表达;OsGSTF16则在叶、茎、根3个部位中有表达。 3. 将这5个基因连接原核表达载体PET30a并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),获得了高表达菌株。将表达菌株进行大量表达,表达形式分析显示OsGSTF3蛋白是可溶性表达,而其余4个蛋白以包涵体的形式表达。通过亲和层析获得了纯化的OsGSTF3融合蛋白,OsGSTF3融合蛋白对底物CDNB和NBD-Cl具有高活性,酶动力学分析显示OsGSTF3融合蛋白对GSH与NBD-Cl有较高的亲和力,热力学分析显示该蛋白在40℃以下是热稳定的。通过对包涵体进行洗涤、亲和层析获得了纯化的OsGSTF6、OsGSTF14、OsGSTF15、OsGSTF16的融合蛋白,OsGSTF14融合蛋白对NBD-Cl有微弱活性,OsGSTF15融合蛋白对NBC有较高的活性,而没有检测到OsGSTF6与OsGSTF16融合蛋白的活性。

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本文在本实验室提供的新疆紫草愈伤组织高产系A1的基础上,采用二步培养法,进行摇瓶悬浮培养,分别在生长及生产培养基中测定了细胞生长,次生产物合成,培养基的C源(蔗糖)消耗,溶氧,电导率和pH值的动态变化曲线,确定了各动态曲线之间的关系,为进一步的放大培养提供了参考依据。同时,还测定了与细胞生长密切相关的过氧化物酶及与产物合成密切相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性的动态变化曲线,进一步将宏观参数的动态变化与微观参数的动态变化联系起来。 本文还对不同理化因子对生产培养基中悬浮培养的细胞的生长及紫草宁衍生物合成的影响进行了研究。结果表明:过高或过低的供氧水平均不利于细胞的生长及产物的合成;C源及N源有较好的协同作用,适当地提高C源及N源的水平能明显提高紫草宁衍生物的产量:接种前往培养基里加入一定量的前体苯丙氨酸( Phe),能明显提高紫草宁衍生物的产量,而在培养中期添加则有一定的负致应;一定量的拜土及琼脂(agar)的添加,对产物的合成均具有正效应,并且作用大小和细胞的生理状态有关。高密度培养的研究表明,在合适的接种量和培养基浓度下,适当提高溶氧,较大幅度地提高产量是有可能的,这还有待于进一步的研究验证。