157 resultados para Face array


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Large area (25 mm(2)) silicon drift detectors and detector arrays (5x5) have been designed, simulated, and fabricated for X-ray spectroscopy. On the anode side, the hexagonal drift detector was designed with self-biasing spiral cathode rings (p(+)) of fixed resistance between rings and with a grounded guard anode to separate surface current from the anode current. Two designs have been used for the P-side: symmetric self-biasing spiral cathode rings (p(+)) and a uniform backside p(+) implant. Only 3 to 5 electrodes are needed to bias the detector plus an anode for signal collection. With graded electrical potential, a sub-nanoamper anode current, and a very small anode capacitance, an initial FWHM of 1.3 keV, without optimization of all parameters, has been obtained for 5.9 keV Fe-55 X-ray at RT using a uniform backside detector.

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利用江都市小记镇的稻-麦轮作FACE平台,在水稻生长季研究了不同施肥(施常规氮量和低氮量)、不同秸秆还田(秸秆全还田、秸秆半还田、秸秆不还田)处理土壤中的硝化、反硝化、产甲烷和甲烷氧化菌数量变化,借助气相色谱测定了土壤的反硝化潜力、产甲烷潜力和甲烷氧化潜力。并对水稻土中的硝酸还原酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性及有效C、N含量也进行了研究,目的是评估FACE稻田土壤反硝化活性和甲烷产生能力。 结果表明:与对照相比,FACE稻田土中的有效N含量呈降低趋势;土壤反硝化潜势明显受到抑制;水稻生长各时期土壤反硝化菌群数量也趋于减少,这种现象在常规氮肥施用及秸秆不还田情形下表现最为显著(P<0.01);在水稻的大多数生育期土壤中的硝酸还原酶和脲酶活性也受到抑制;总体表现为FACE稻田土壤反硝化活性受到抑制。FACE既促进土壤的甲烷产生潜力,也促进甲烷氧化能力;对产甲烷菌在分蘖期具有促进作用,而在抽穗与收获期具有抑制作用,这种作用在低氮条件下达到显著水平(P<0.05)。同样,在低氮条件下,FACE促进了水稻生长前3个时期土壤甲烷氧化菌群数量增长,仅在收获期表现为抑制作用,因而,FACE稻田甲烷产生是产甲烷和氧化综合作用的结果。

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大气CO_2浓度升高对整个陆地生态系统产生巨大影响。微生物是土壤中重要而又活跃的组成部分,是自然界物质循环不可缺少的成员,行使着许多对陆地生命至关重要的功能。因此,了解土壤中微生物的变化,是了解整个陆地生态系统对大气CO_2浓度升高响应的关键。木文利用在江苏省无锡市建立的稻一麦轮作FACE系统研究平台,研究了CO_2浓度升高对农田土壤微生物及VA菌根的影响。结果发现在FACE条件下,土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量都随着小麦和水稻的生长而发生变化,分别在小麦返青期和水稻拔节期偏大,随后均有所下降,与对照相比,CO_2浓度升高增加土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量;小麦根区土壤中议菌根真菌的抱子以球囊霉属(Glomus)为优势属,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)为优势种;在小麦拔节期和孕穗期观察到VA菌根真菌侵染,侵染率在拔节期偏高,后逐渐降低,CO_2浓度升高使小麦VA菌根侵染率增加,而在水稻根系没有观察到VA菌根真菌侵染;根系活力分别在小麦拔节期和水稻抽穗期偏高,到成熟期均降低,CO_2浓度升高使根系活力增强;小麦VA菌根侵染率与根系活力存在正相关关系。总之,大气CO_2浓度升高对农田土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量、VA菌根侵染率及根系活力都表现出一定的促进作用。

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