碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征及预测方法研究

Proven by the petroleum exploration activities, the karsts-fissure reservoir in carbonate rocks is significant to find out the large scale oil & gas field. They are made up of the four reservoir types: karsts-cave, karsts-crack, crack-cave and fracture-pore-cave. Each reservoir space and each reservoir bed has different features of reservoir heterogeneity and small scale of pore-crack-cave. The fracture-cave reservoir in carbonate rocks is characteristic by multi-types and long oiliness well. The reservoir shape is controlled by the irregular pore-crack-cave. The development level of fracture and karst-cave is the key element of hydrocarbon enriching, high productivity and stable production. However, most of Carbonate formation are buried deeply and the signal-ration-noise of seismic reflection are very low. It is reason why the fracture-cave reservoir are difficult to be predicted effectively. In terms of surveyed and studied lots of the former research outcome, The author applied the methods of synthetical reservoir geophysical prediction from two ways including macrosopic and microcomic technics in terms of the reservoir-cap condition, geophysics and geology feature and difficulty of prediction in carbonate rocks. It is guiden by the new ideas of stratigraphy, sedimentology, sedimentography, reservoir geology and karst geology. The geophysics technology is key technics. In aspects of macroscopic studies, starting off the three efficiencies of controlling the reservoir distribution including sedimental facies, karst and fracture, by means of comprehensive utilization of geology, geophysics, boring well and well log, the study of reservoir features and karst inside story are developed in terms of data of individual well and multiple well. Through establishing the carbonate deposition model, karstic model and fracture model, the macro-distribution laws of carbonatite are carried out by the study of coherence analysis, seismic reflection feature analysis and palaeotectonics analysis. In aspects of microcosmic studies, starting off analysis in reservoir geophysical response feature of fracture and karst-cave model according to guidance of the macroscopic geological model in carbonate reservoir, the methods of the carbonate reservoir prediction are developed by comprehensively utilization of seismic multi-attribution intersection analysis, seismic inversion restricted by log, seismic discontinuity analysis, seimic spectrum attenuation gradient, moniliform reflection feature analysis and multiparameter karst reservoir appraisement.Through application of carbonate reservoir synthetical geophysics prediction, the author r successfully develops the beneficial reservoir distribution province in Ordovician of Katake block 1in middle Tarim basin. The fracture-cave reservoir distributions are delineated. The prospect direction and favorable aims are demonstrated. There are a set of carbonate reservoir prediction methods in middle Tarim basin. It is the favorable basic technique in predicting reservoir of the Ordovician carbonate in middle Tarim. Proven by exploration drilling, the favorable region of moniliform reflection fracture and pore-cave and cave-fracture in lower-middle Ordovician are coincidence with the region of hydrocarbon show. It’s indicated that the reservoir prediction methods described in the study of Ordovician carbonate formation are feasible practicably.

地质导向钻井关键技术及方法

On the basis of analyzing the principle and realization of geo-steering drilling system, the key technologies and methods in it are systematically studied in this paper. In order to recognize lithology, distinguish stratum and track reservoirs, the techniques of MWD and data process about natural gamma, resistivity, inductive density and porosity are researched. The methods for pre-processing and standardizing MWD data and for converting geological data in directional and horizontal drilling are discussed, consequently the methods of data conversion between MD and TVD and those of formation description and adjacent well contrast are proposed. Researching the method of identifying sub-layer yields the techniques of single well explanation, multi-well evaluation and oil reservoir description. Using the extremum and variance clustering analysis realizes logging phase analysis and stratum subdivision and explanation, which provides a theoretical method and lays a technical basis for tracing oil reservoirs and achieving geo-steering drilling. Researching the technique for exploring the reservoir top with a holdup section provides a planning method of wellpath control scheme to trace oil and gas reservoir dynamically, which solves the problem of how to control well trajectory on condition that the layer’s TVD is uncertain. The control scheme and planning method of well path for meeting the demands of target hitting, soft landing and continuous steering respectively provide the technological guarantee to land safely and drill successfully for horizontal, extended-reach and multi-target wells. The integrative design and control technologies are researched based on geology, reservoir and drilling considering reservoir disclosing ratio as a primary index, and the methods for planning and control optimum wellpath under multi-target restriction, thus which lets the target wellpath lie the favorite position in oil reservoir during the process of geo-steering drilling. The BHA (bottomhole assembly) mechanical model is discussed using the finite element method, and the BHA design methods are given on the basis of mechanical analyses according to the shape of well trajectory and the characteristics of BHA’s structure and deformation. The methods for predicting the deflection rate of bent housing motors and designing their assemblies are proposed based on the principle of minimum potential energy, which can clearly show the relation between the BHA’s structure parameters and deflection rate, especially the key factors’ effect to the deflection rate. Moreover, the interaction model between bit and formation is discussed through the process of equivalent formation and equivalent bit considering the formation anisotropy and bit anisotropy on the basis of analyzing the influence factors of well trajectory. Accordingly, the inherence relationship among well trajectory, formation, bit and drilling direction is revealed, which lays the theory basis and technique for predicting and controlling well trajectory.

柴达木盆地地震勘探关键技术研究

The rugged surface topography determined the seismic data acquisition construction conditions and the seismic wave explosive and receiver quality in Qaidam Basin. This dissertation systematically researched the seismic acquisition, imaging process and the attribute analysis techniques of complicated oil and gas reservoir. The main research achievements and cognitions are as follows: 1. Through the stimulation effects research and analysis from the aspect of lithologic water-containing differences, it’s specific that stable hydrous sand layer can effectively enhance the stimulation effects combined with the corresponding field tests. The seismic data S/N ratio has been improved due to the combination explosive stimulation. Through the fold number and maximum offset analyses of target horizon, the complicated geometry has been optimized and the S/N ratio of seismic data has been improved, which made an important basis for improvement of 3D seismic data. 2. It has been proved that the first arrival refraction static correction method under the model constraint of fine surface survey is suitable to the Qaidam Basin of western areas by the real seismic data processing. Although the refraction horizon of near surface has some changes in a certain extent, it’s steady basically. The refraction horizon can be continuously traced in sections, so it’s qualified for the refraction static correction method on the whole. 3. The research is based on the curved-ray pre-stack time migration techniques of rough topography, and improved the imaging precision of complex areas. This techniques adopted the constant and variable velocity scanning mode and enhanced the velocity analysis precision. The 3D pre-stack time migration techniques reasonably solved the imaging and velocity multiple solutions problems of steep-dip faults and the intersections of horizontal layers. What’s more, fine velocity analysis and mute are very important to enhance the imaging precision of the seismic data in complicated Wunan areas. 4. The 3D seismic data edge-preserving processing methods have been realized due to the image process techniques. Because this method uses the large range filter, it can attenuate the noise maximally. The faults, break points, lithologic pinchout points and lithologic body of small scale such as river will not be influenced by blur because of the edge-preserving characterization of the method which is really an effective assistant technique of low S/N ratio seismic data attribute analysis. 5. The use of spectral decomposition technique can effectively identify the reservoirs. The special geology body which will not be identified (or without obvious characters) in the seismic profile may be found through the details changes of different frequencies in the amplitude profiles.

构造复杂区变速成图方法研究

In the complex structure areas, velocity field building and structure mapping are important for seismic exploration. With the development of seismic exploration, the methods of structure mapping, reservoir prediction and reservoir description all require high precious velocity field. And more accurate depth-structure maps are required for well site design. Aiming at the problems and defects in velocity analysis and structure mapping in oil seismic exploration, the paper which is based on the studies of real data in several areas combines the theories with practical application, and analyzes the precision and applicability of several methods of velocity model building. After that, the following methods are mainly studied: the coherence inversion methods based on the pre-stack CMP gathers or stacking velocity; the interval velocity inversion methods constrained by multi-well; the Random Simulation method; 3D Image Ray Map Migration method and the structure mapping in floating datum and in fixed datum, and then we conclude the method of building high precious seismic velocity field and structure mapping with variable velocity. Firstly, the paper analyses the distributing rule of the velocity variation in the areas with complex structures in the northwest of China, then points out that velocity is a crucial factor which influences the precision of structure mapping, and the velocity variations have something to do with the shapes of the structures, the variety of lithology and so on. The key point of improving the precision of seismic velocity field is to obtain a structure mapping with high precision. We also describe the range and conditions of these methods. Secondly, by comparing many popular methods of velocity model building, we propose a new method in the use of velocity model building. The new method is more effective in velocity model building under every kind of complex condition and is worthy of spreading. At last, the paper fingers out that it is a system engineering to study variable velocity mapping in every kind of complex structure areas. Every step of the work can affect the final results. So it is important to build high efficient and practical velocity model and the flows of mapping processing. The paper builds the flows and gives some examples. The method has been applied in more than ten exploring surveys. The application proves that this method could bring good effect on researching on low-amplitude trap, reservoir prediction, reservoir description and the integrated research of oil&gas geology. Keywords: structure mapping velocity model building complex structure variable velocity media

大港油田复杂断块油气藏评价技术研究与应用

In this paper, in view of characteristics and appraisal difficulty of complicate fault block reservoir, based on the theory of reservoir geology, tectonic geology, sequence stratigraphy, logging geology and sedimentology, according to related multidisciplinary data, such as geological, geophysical, logging and testing, taking 3D seismic acquisition processing, delicate structure interpretation, fine reservoir prediction, reservoir engineering and logging evaluation as research methods, on the basis of comprehensive geologic research, innovative appraisal thinking of complicate fault block reservoir is probed into, reservoir evaluation technology series of different reservoirs were created, and appraisal circuit of complicate fault block reservoir was proposed. According to the research on main controlling factors of hydrocarbon and concentration and concealing laws of Dagang exploration area, family assemble patterns of complicate fault block reservoir were proposed firstly, such as twinning, juxtaposed, overlying, concurrent, connected in series and so on, so theory basement was provided to reservoir evaluation. Taking into account of difficulties of low signal to noise ratio and border identification of lithologic trap of complicate fault block reservoir, in the middle of seismic data acquisition, double focusing layout and optimization technology were adopted, geophysical model was set up, and best observation system was ascertained. During object processing, matching processing technology of removing time difference, phase difference, energy difference and frequency spectrum difference generated by different blazing and receiving elements was studied. Imagery, low amplitude structure and identification of subtle lithologic reservoir was interpreted reasonably. On the basis of characteristics and technical description analysis of structural, structural--lithologic and lithologic reservoirs, innovative appraisal thinking of these reservoirs was formatted, appraisal circuit of complicate fault block reservoir was proposed, and this method could be used in other similar oilfields

全信息精细储层预测方法研究与实践-以周清庄油田沙三段油藏为例

With the continuously proceeding of petroleum exploratory development in China, exploratory development becomes more and more difficult. For increasing reserve volume and production, lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir has been the most workable, potential and universality exploration targets. In the past, Dagang Oil Field use the complicated fault reservoir theory as the guide, develop and form a suit of matching construction and instrument in prospecting complicated fault reservoir that reach top of exploration industry in China. But the research of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir is not much, which affects the exploitation progress of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir. In this thesis, is object, through the depth study of lithologic deposition in Shasan segment of Zhouqingzhuang Oil Field, a suit of holographic fine reservoir bed forecasting techniques is built up and finally gets following main results: 1. Applying geology, seism, drilling, logging and other information to sensitivity preferences, geological model, inversion and integrated stratum evaluation, realizing the method and flow of refined multi-information stratum forecast. 2. Built up a full three dimensional fine structural interpretation method: in view of r problem of accurately demarcating 90% inclined well, propose a inclined well air space demarcating method, make bed demarcating more exactly; in view of problem of faults demarcating and combination in seismic interpretation, propose a computational method of seismic interference based on wavelet translation, make identify the fault in different level more dependable and reasonable; for exactly identifying structural attitude, propose a velocity modeling method under multi-well restriction, make structural attitude closer to the facts. 3. Built up a high accuracy reservoir bed inversion method: in view of problem in exactly identifying reservoir and nonreservoir with conventional wave impedance inversion method in this place, propose a reservoir log response characteristic analysis and sensible log parameter inversion method. ①analysis log response of reservoir and nonreservoir in region of interest, make definite the most sensible log parameter in identifying reservoir and nonreservoir in this region; ②make sensible log parameter inversion based on wave impedance inversion, to improve inversion accuracy, the thickness of recognizable reservoir bed reach 4-5m. 4. Built up a 4-D reservoir forcasting circuit: in view of difficulty that in lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir making reservoir space characteristic clear by using structural map and reservoir forecasting techniques once only, propose a 4-D reservoir forcasting circuit. In other words, based on development conceptual design, forcast reservoir of different time, namely multiple 3D reservoir forcasting in time queue, each time the accuracy degree of reservoir forcasting is improved since apply the new well material, thereby achieve high quality and highly efficient in exploratory development. During exploratory development lithologic depositin in Shasan segment of Zhouqingzhuang Oil Field, there are thirteen wells get 100% success rate, which sufficiently proves that this suit of method is scientific and effective.

辽河坳陷东部凹陷火山岩构造裂缝形成机理研究及预测

In recent years, with the discovery oil and gas reservoirs in volcanic rocks, the exploration and development of these reservoirs have attracted widespread attention because of the urgent need for increasing oil and gas production in the world and volcanic rocks has currently become an important exploration target in Liaohe depression. The study area of this dissertation is in the middle section of the easternern sag of Liaohe depression that have been confirmed by studying structural fractures, which constitute a key factor impacting volcanic rocks reservoirs. Substantial reserves and large production capacity in the areas with widely distributed volcanic rocks are important reasons for examining volcanic rocks in the study area. The study began with classification and experimental data analysis of volcanic rocks fractural formation, then focused on the mechanism of fracturing and the development of volcanic rocks structural fracture prediction methodology.and Lastly, predicted volcanic rocks structural fracture before drilling involved a comprehensive study of the petroleum geology of this area, which identified favorable traps thereby reducing exploration risks and promoting the exploration and development of volcanic rocks reservoirs. 3Dstress and 3Dmove software were applied to predict structural fracture by combining the core data, well-logging data and seismic data together and making the visualization of a fracture possible. Base on the detailed fracture prediction results, well OuO48 and well Ou52 were drilled and successfully provided a basis for high efficiency exploration and development of fractured reservoir in the middle section of the eastern sag. As a result of what have been done, a new round of exploration of volcanic rocks was developed. Well OU48 and well OU52 successfully drilled in this area resulted in the in-depth study of the mechanism of structural fracture formation, technological innovation of structural fracture prediction of volcanic rocks , which guided to oil and gas exploration effectively and made it possible for high production of volcanic rocks. By the end of August 2005, the cumulative oil and gas production of Ou48 block were 5.1606 × 104 t and 1271.3× 104 m3 respectively, which made outstanding contributions to the oilfield development. Above all this work not only promoted exploration and structural fracture prediction in volcanic rocks in Liaohe depression, but also applied to in the low-permeability and fractured sandstone reservoir.

碎屑岩储层低电阻率油层识别方法与应用——以济阳坳陷为例

So far, there is no methods of logging interpretation effective enough to identify a low resistivity payzone since its resistivity value almost equals to that of an aquifer although many low-resistivity payzones have been found in lots of petroliferous basins worldwide. After a thorough study on those technical difficulties of the logging interpretation for the low-resistivity payzones, some corresponding resolutions have been put forward in this paper. In order to reveal its microscopic mechanism, researches on the discovered low-resistivity payzones have been carried on with analyses of core and lab test data, thus main influencing factors of the low-resistivity reservoirs have been pointed out including conductivity minerals, clay minerals, fluids, porosity and pore structure. In order to make clear the degree of influence of those reservoir factors on resistivity logging(log), lab studies and numeral simulations have been done with the typical core and formation water samples, therefore, their influence degrees have ascertained quantitatively or semi-quantitatively. The distribution law and possible distribution areas of the low-resistivity payzones in Jiyang Depression have been figured out firstly after the macroscopic geology origins (sedimentation, dynamic accumulation process, diagenesis etc.) in the area have been studied. In order to resolve the problem of difficult logging-interpretation, methods of interpretation and identification have been brought forward creatively according to the low-resistivity payzone type ascribed to macroscopic geology laws and to the combined features of logging traces, after a systemic summary of different responses of logging caused by different microscopic mechanism. Those methods have been applied in Dongying and Huimin Sag of Shengli Exploration Area, precision of identification of the low-resistivity payzones improved effectively and good economic attraction prove their great prospect.

黄骅坳陷港西开发区河流相储层构型与剩余油分布模式研究

In the production tail of oilfield, water-cut is very high in thick channel sand oil reservoir, but recovery efficiency is relative low, and recoverable remaining oil reserves is more abundant, so these reserves is potential target of additional development. The remaining oil generally distributed with accumulation in certain areas, controlled by the reservoir architecture that mainly is the lateral accretion shale beddings in the point bar, so the study of reservoir architecture and the remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by architecture are very significant. In this paper, taking the Minghuazhen formation of Gangxi oilfield as a case, using the method of hierarchy analysis, pattern fitting and multidimensional interaction, the architecture of the meandering river reservoir is precisely anatomized, and the remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by the different hierarchy architecture are summarized, which will help to guide the additional development of oil fields. Not only is the study significant to the remaining oil forecasting, but also it is important for the theory development of reservoir geology. With the knowledge of sequence correlation and fluvial correlation model, taking many factors into account, such as combination of well and seismic data, hierarchical controlling, sedimentary facies restraint, performance verification and 3-D closure, an accurate sequence frame of the study area was established. On the basis of high-resolution stratigraphic correlation, single layer and oil sand body are correlated within this frame, and four architecture hierarchies, composite channel, single channels, point bars and lateral accretion sandbody are identified, The result indicates that Minghuazhen Formation of Gangxi oilfield are dominated by meandering river deposition, including two types of channel sandbodies, narrow band and wide band channel sandbody, and each of them has different characteristics of facies variation laterally. Based on the identification of composite channel, according to the spatial combination patterns and identified signs of single channel, combined with channel sandbody distribution and tracer material data, single channel sandbodies are identified. According to empirical formula, point-bar scales of the study area are predicted, and three identification signs are summarized, that is, positive rhythm in depositional sequence, the maximum thick sand and near close to the abandoned channel, and point bars are identified. On the basis of point bar recognition, quantitative architecture models inner point bar are ascertained, taking the lateral accretion sand body and lateral accretion shale beddings in single well as foundation, and quantitative architecture models inner point bar as guidance, and result of tracer material data as controlling, the the lateral accretion sand body and lateral accretion shale beddings are forecasted interwell, so inner architecture of point bar is anatomied. 3-D structural model, 3-D facies model and 3-D petrophysical properties models are set up, spatial distribution characteristics of sedimentary facies and petrophysical properties is reappeared. On the basis of reservoir architecture analysis and performance production data, remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by different hierarchy architecture units, stacked channel, single channel and inner architecture of point bar, are summarized, which will help to guide the additional development of oil fields.

黄骅坳陷马东地区沙河街组重力流水道储层评价及剩余油研究

In this paper, taking Madong district of Huanghua depression as a case, based on the theory of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir geology and geophysics, according to core analysis, seismic attribute analysis, logging constrained inversion, multi-data correlation of strata, reservoir modeling, etc. the lower and middle first member of Shahejie formation of the study area was forecasted and evaluated. As a result, a number of reservoir prediction and remaining oil distribution methods suitable to oil exploitation of gravity flow channel reservoir are presented. Scientific foundation is provided to the next adjustment of development program and exploitation of the remaining oil. According to high resolution sequence stratigraphy theory, precise stratigraphic framework was founded, the facies types and facies distribution were studied under the control of stratigraphic framework, the technologies of seismic attribute abstraction and logging constrained inversion. Result shows that gravity flow channel, as the main facies, developed in the rising period of base-level cycle, and it was formed during the phase of contemporaneous fault growth. As the channel extends, channel width was gradually widened but thickness thined. The single channels were in possession of a great variety of integrated modes, such as isolated, branching off, merging and paralleling, forming a kind of sand-mud interblending complex sedimentary units. Reservoir quality differs greatly in vertical and horizontal direction, and sedimentary microfacies is main controlling factor of the reservoir quality. In major channel, deposition thickness is great, and petrophysical property is well. While in marginal channel, reservoir is thinner, and petrophysical property is unfavorable. Structure and reservoir quality are main factors which control the oil and gas distribution in the study area. On the basis of the research about the reservoir quality, internal, planar and 3-D reservoir heterogeneities are characterized, and the reservoir quality was sorted rationally. At last, based on the research of reservoir numerical simulation of key well group, combined with reservoir performance analysis and geological analysis above, remaining oil distribution patterns controlled by internal rhythm of gravity flow channel were set up. Through this research, a facies-restrained reservoir prediction method integrating multi-information was presented, and potential orientation of remaining oil distribution in gravity flow channel reservoir is clarified.

东海陆架盆地复杂天然气藏地震勘探判别技术研究

Exploration study proves that East sea shelf basin embeds abundant hydrocarbon resources. However, the exploration knowledge of this area is very low. Many problems in exploration are encountered here. One of them is that the gas reservoir of this area, with rapid lateral variation, is deeply buried. Correlation of Impendence between sandstone, gas sand and shale is very poor. Another problem is that the S/N ratio of the seismic data is very low and multiples are relatively productive which seriously affect reservoir identification. Resolution of the seismic data reflected from 2500-3000 meter is rather low, which seriously affects the application of hydrocarbon direct identification (HDI) technology. This research established a fine geological & geophysical model based on drilling、well logging、geology&seismic data of East sea Lishui area. A Q value extraction method from seismic data is proposed. With this method, Q value inversion from VSP data and seismic data is performed to determine the subsurface absorption of this area. Then wave propagation and absorption rule are in control. Field acquisition design can be directed. And at the same time, with the optimization of source system, the performance of high resolution seismic acquisition layout system is enhanced. So the firm foundation is ensured for east sea gas reservoir exploration. For solving the multiple and amplitude preserving problems during the seismic data processing, wave equation pre-stack amplitude preservation migration and wave equation feedback iteratively multiple attenuation technologies are developed. Amplitude preservation migration technology can preserve the amplitude of imaging condition and wave-field extrapolation. Multiple removing technology is independent of seismic source wavelet and velocity model, which avoiding the weakness of Delft method. Aiming at the complicated formation condition of the gas reservoir in this area, with dissecting typical hydrocarbon reservoir, a series of pertinent advanced gas reservoir seismic identification technologies such as petrophysical properties analyzing and seismic modeling technology、pre-stack/post-stack joint elastic inversion, attribute extraction technology based on seismic non-stationary signal theory and formation absorption characteristic and so on are studied and developed. Integrated analysis of pre-stack/post-stack seismic data, reservoir information, rock physics and attribute information is performed. And finally, a suit of gas reservoir identification technology is built, according to the geological and geophysical characteristics of this area. With developed innovative technologies, practical application and intergrated interpretation appraisal researches are carried out in Lishui 36-1.The validity of these technologies is tested and verified. Also the hydrocarbon charging possibility and position of those three east sea gas exploration targets are clearly pointed out.

地震岩性与物性联合反演技术研究和应用

This paper studies how to more effectively invert seismic data and predict reservoir under complicated sedimentary environment, complex rock physical relationships and fewer drills in offshore areas of China. Based on rock physical and seismic amplitude-preserving process, and according to depositional system and laws of hydrocarbon reservoir, in the light of feature of seismic inversion methods present applied, series methods were studied. A joint inversion technology for complex geological condition had been presented, at the same time the process and method system for reservoir prediction had been established. This method consists four key parts. 1)We presented the new conception called generalized wave impedance, established corresponding inversion process, and provided technical means for joint inversion lithology and petrophysical on complex geological condition. 2)At the aspect of high-resolution nonlinear seismic wave impedance joint inversion, this method used a multistage nonlinear seismic convolution model rather than conventional primary structure Robinson seismic convolution model, and used Caianiello neural network implement inversion. Based on the definition of multistage positive and negative wavelet, it adopted both deterministic and statistical physical mechanism, direct inversion and indirect inversion. It integrated geological knowledge, rock physical theory, well data, and seismic data, and improved the resolution and anti-noise ability of wave impedence inversion. 3)At the aspect of high-resolution nonlinear reservoir physical property joint inversion, this method used nonlinear rock physical model which introduced convolution model into the relationship between wave impedance and porosity/clay. Through multistage decomposition, it handles separately the large- and small-scale components of the impedance-porosity/clay relationships to achieve more accurate rock physical relationships. By means of bidirectional edge detection with wavelets, it uses the Caianiello neural network to finish statistical inversion with combined applications of model-based and deconvolution-based methods. The resulted joint inversion scheme can integrate seismic data, well data, rock physical theory, and geological knowledge for estimation of high-resolution petrophysical parameters. 4)At the aspect of risk assessment of lateral reservoir prediction, this method integrated the seismic lithology identification, petrophysical prediction, multi-scale decomposition of petrophysical parameters, P- and H-spectra, and the match relationship of data got from seismics, well logging and geology. It could describe the complexity of medium preferably. Through applications of the joint inversion of seismic data for lithologic and petrophysical parameters in several selected target areas, the resulted high-resolution lithologic and petrophysical sections(impedance, porosity, clay) show that the joint inversion can significantly improve the spatial description of reservoirs in data sets involving complex deposits. It proved the validity and practicality of this method adequately.

渤海海域河流相油藏精细描述技术及应用研究

Aiming at the character of Bohaii Sea area and the heterogeneity of fluvial facies reservoir, litho-geophysics experiments and integrated research of geophysical technologies are carried out. To deal with practical problems in oil fields of Bohai area, such as QHD32-6, Southern BZ25-1 and NP35-2 et al., technology of reservoir description based on seismic data and reservoir geophysical methods is built. In this dissertation, three points are emphasized: ①the integration of multidiscipline; ②the application of new methods and technologies; ③the integration of quiescent and dynamic data. At last, research of geology modeling and reservoir numerical simulation based on geophysical data are integrated. There are several innovative results and conclusion in this dissertation: (1)To deal with problems in shallow sea area where seismic data is the key data, a set of technologies for fine reservoir description based on seismic data in Bohai Sea area are built. All these technologies, including technologies of stratigraphic classification, sedimentary facies identification, structure fine characterization, reservoir description, fluid recognition and integration of geological modeling& reservoir numerical simulation, play an important role in the hydrocarbon exploration and development. In the research of lithology and hydrocarbon-bearing condition, petrophysical experiment is carried out. Outdoors inspection and experiment test data are integrated in seismic forward modeling& inversion research. Through the research, the seismic reflection rules of fluid in porosity are generated. Based on all the above research, seismic data is used to classify rock association, identify sedimentary facies belts and recognition hydrocarbon-bearing condition of reservoir. In this research, the geological meaning of geophysical information is more clear and the ambiguity of geophysical information is efficiently reduced, so the reliability in hydrocarbon forecasting is improved. The methods of multi-scales are developed in microfacies research aiming at the condition of shallow sea area in Bohai Sea: ① make the transformation from seismic information to sedimentary facies reality by discriminant analysis; ②in research of planar sedimentary facies, make microfacies research on seismic scale by technologies integration of seismic multi-attributes analysis& optimization, strata slicing and seismic waveform classification; ③descript the sedimentary facies distribution on scales below seismic resolution with the method of stochastic modeling. In the research of geological modeling and reservoir numerical simulation, the way of bilateral iteration between modeling and numerical simulation is carried out in the geological model correction. This process include several steps: ①make seismic forward modeling based on the reservoir numerical simulation results and geological models; ②get trend residual of forward modeling and real seismic data; ③make dynamic correction of the model according to the above trend residual. The modern integration technology of reservoir fine description research in Bohai Sea area, which is developed in this dissertation, is successfully used in (1)the reserve volume evaluation and development research in BZ25-1 oil field and (2)the tracing while drilling research in QHD32-6 oil field. These application researches show wide application potential in hydrocarbon exploration and development research in other oil fields.

海上时移地震综合解释技术研究与应用

The practical application and development of the time-lapse seismic reservoir monitor technology has indicated which has already become one of most important development technologies in seeking the surplus oil distribution and improving the reservoir recovering. The paper, first obtained the rock physics experiment analysis data according to the Bohai Sea loose sandstone in-situ measure technical, and determined the feasibility research of the S oil-field on the time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring combining with the time-lapse numeric simulation technology, which was used to analyze the time-lapse seismic respond raw of the reservoir parameters change and pointed out the attentive problems during the real time-lapse seismic processing and interpretation. Next, simply introduced the technical link and the effect of the time-lapse mutual constrained fidelity and match processing aiming at the local complex gathering condition, geological condition, development engineering condition. Third, introduced the time-lapse integrated interpretation and the technical system with the innovative key technology that includes the time-lapse difference explanation technology, the time-lapse seismic multi-attributes integrated interpretation technology, and the time-lapse constrained reservoir parameters inversion technology, and so on. Using the time-lapse difference direct explanation technology, directly obtained the surplus oil macroscopic distribution through the difference seismic data; Using the presenting 8 big principles of the sublayer isochronisms comparison, carried on the time-lapse integrated interpretation analysis on the fine sublayer comparison and the thin oil-layer(group) contrast and the oil layer (group); The paper putted up the research, contrast, applications of the multi-sides sensitive attribute analysis and the RBF nerve network on the nearest study algorithm, and predicted the reservoir parameters and the surplus oil distribution with them; Combining with innovative researches and the time-lapse seismic constrained reservoir parameters inversion technology realized the good combination of the seismic and the reservoir engineering. Fourth, under fully analyzing the geology condition, the reservoir condition, the exploit dynamic data, and the seismic data of the S oil-field, and analyzing the time-lapse difference factors with reservoir dynamic exploit data, calibrated the oil-gas saturation change, the pressure change, the water saturation change, and determined the rationality of the time-lapse seismic difference, and finally obtained the surplus oil distribution, the water flood characteristic understanding, reservoir degasification, and pressure drop raw, and so on, which had been used in the well pattern tightening plan proof of the S oil-field development adjustment plan. Finally, the paper summarized the knowledge and understanding of the marine time-lapse seismic integrated interpretation, also had pointed out the further need researched question.

基于弹性参数分析的碳酸盐岩储层预测方法研究

Prediction of Carbonate Reservoir Based on the Elastic Parameter Analysis Zhang Guangzhi (Solid Geophysics) Directed by Professor Liu Hong Abstract With the exploration and development of Puguang Oilfield, oil-gas exploration of carbonate rock in China has shown good prospects. Research on earthquake prediction methods for carbonate reservoir becomes the key of oil and gas exploration. Starting with analysis of geological characteristics of carbonate rock, prestack AVO inversion method, prestack elastic impedance inversion and parameter calculation method and seismic attribute extraction and optimization method were studied based on the analysis of rock physics in this work. First, variation characteristic and law of carbonate rock reservoir parameters were studied based on experimental data of rock physics, log data, analysis assay data, mud logging data and seismic data, so as to lay a foundation for the further reservoir identification and description. Then, the structure, type and propagation law of seismic wave field were analyzed through seismic forward modeling of the reservoir, and contact between information from log and geology data with elastic parameters, such as compressional wave and shear wave velocity and density were established, so as to provide a standard for reservoir identification and hydrocarbon detection using seismic reflection characteristics of the research area. Starting with the general concept of inverse problem, through analysis of Zoeppritz equation, three kinds of pre-stack inversion methods were derived and analyzed in detail, the AVO 3-parameter inversion based on Bayesian theory, the prestack AVO waveform inversion method and the simultaneous inversion method, based on the statistical hypothesis of inversion parameters and observation data and the Gauss distribution assumption of noise. The three methods were validated by model data and real data. Then, the elastic wave impedance inversion method of carbonate reservoir was investigated and the method of elastic parameter extraction from elastic impedance data was put forward. Based on the analysis of conventional methods of seismic attribute extraction and optimization, the time-frequency attributes and the wavelet attributes with time and amplitude feature were presented, and the prestack seismic attribute calculation method which can characterize the reservoir rock and fluid characteristic was presented. And the optimization of seismic attribute using the nonlinear KPCA method was also put forward. A series of seismic prediction technologies for carbonate reservoir were presented based on analysis of rock physics and seismic forward simulation technology. Practical application of these technologies was implemented in A oil field of Southern China and good effect has been achieved. Key words: carbonate rock; reservoir prediction; rock physics, prestack seismic inversion; seismic attribute