Highly enhanced luminescence from single-crystalline C-60 center dot 1m-xylene nanorods

Single-crystalline C-60 center dot 1m-xylene nanorods with a hexagonal structure were successfully synthesized by evaporating a C-60 solution in m-xylene at room temperature. The ratio of the length to the diameter of the nanorods can be controlled in the range of approximate to 10 to over 1000 for different applications. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the nanorods is about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that for pristine C-60 crystals in air. Both UV and Raman results indicate that there is no charge transfer between C-60 and m-xylene. It was found that the interaction between C-60 and m-xylene molecules is of the van der Waals type. This interaction reduces the icosahedral symmetry of C-60 molecule and induces strong PL from the solvate nanorods.

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a chain coordination polymer {[Cu4L2(H2O)] center dot H2O}(n)

A chain coordination polymer with the chemical formula {[Cu4L2(H2O)] (.) H2O)(n), has been synthesized by the assembly reaction of K(2)CuL(.)1.5H(2)O and Cu(OAC)(2)(H2O)-H-. with a 1:1 mole ratio in methanol., where H4L=2-hydroxy-3-[(E)-({2-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)imino]ethyl I imino)methyl] benzoic acid, OAC(-) = CH3COO-. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, the compound has chain molecular structure formed by dissymmetrical tetranuclear units. The magnetic measurements showed that Cu-Cu of the complex exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions, and satisfactory fittings to the observed magnetic susceptibility data were obtained by assuming a binuclear system, and further using molecular field approximation to deal with magnetic exchange interactions between binuclear systems.

Synthesis, characterization, properties and crystal structure of heterometallic 1D coordination polymers {[CuLZn center dot CuLZn(H2O)]center dot H2O}(n)

Copper-zinc heterometallic 1D chain coordination polymer has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, and IR spectra etc. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The title complex is 1 D chain coordination polymer with the chemical formula {[CuLZn center dot CuLZn(H2O)]center dot H2O}(n), where H4L=N-(2-hydroxybenzamido)-N'-(3-carboxylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine. Its structural unit is comprosed of two tetranuclear cycles formed by two dissymmetrical tetranuclear units. These units polymerized each other to form 1 D chain coordination polymer.

Crystal growth and TG-DTA properties of K(2)Ln(NO3)(5).2H(2)O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm)

Single crystals of KLnN(Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) can be grown in water solution with pH approximate to 1 similar to 2 at about 40 degrees C. Crystals of KLnN (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd) are orthorhombic with space group Fdd2. KPrN crystal was grwon and its crystal structure was determined for the first time. The KPrN crystal parameters obtained by the direct method are as follows: a=21.411(3) Angstrom, b=11.2210(10)Angstrom, c=12.208(2) Angstrom, Z=6, R=0.0240. The TG-DTA curves of KLnN(Ln=La,Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) demonstrate that the processes of dehydration, melt, irreversible phase transition and decomposition of NO3- take place in sequence with the temperature increasing(except KCN). There are three steps in the decomposition of NO3- in KLnN(Ln=La, Nd, Sm) while two steps in KLnN (Ln=Ce, Pr). K(2)Ln(NO3)(5). 2H(2)O are formed at about 225 degrees C by the reaction of the starting materials of KNO3 and Ln(NO3)(3). nH(2)O.

CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF [YB (NO3)3 (PHEN) (H2O)]CENTER-DOT(12-CROWN-4)

The title complex was prepared by reacting Yb(NO3)3 (12-crown-4) with 1, 10-phenanthiroline (hereafter phen) in acetone. It crystallized in the triclinic space group P1BAR with a = 10.095(5), b = 17.415(4), c = 8.710(2) angstrom; alpha = 92.45(2), beta = 115.83(3), gamma = 74.08(3)degrees and D(c), = 1.85 g cm-3; Z = 2. The metal ion in this complex is nine-coordinated to three bidentate nitrate ions, two nitrogen atoms of a phen and a water molecule. The crown ligand is hydrogen bonded to the coordination water molecule. The symmetry change of the crown ether is also discussed.

Forms and functions of inorganic carbon in the Jiaozhou Bay sediments

Inorganic carbon forms and their influencing factors, mutual transformation and contribution to carbon cycling in the Jiaozhou Bay sediments were discussed. The results show that inorganic carbon in sediments could be divided into five forms: NaCl form, NH3 center dot H2O form, NaOH form, NH2OH center dot HCl form and HCl form. Thereinto, NH2OH center dot HCl form and HCl form account for more than 70% of total inorganic carbon. There was close relationship among every form of inorganic carbon and their correlativity was clearly different with different sedimentary environment except the similar strong positive correlation among NH2OH center dot HCl form, HCl form and total inorganic carbon in all regions of the Jiaozhou Bay. All forms of inorganic carbon were influenced by organic carbon, pH, Eh, Es, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments, but their influence had different characteristics in different regions. Every farm of inorganic carbon transformed into each other continuously during early diagenesis of sediments and the common phenomenon was that NaCl form, NH3 center dot H2O form, NaOH form and NH2OH center dot HCl form might transform into steady HCl form. NaCl form, NH3 center dot H2O form, NaOH form and NH2OH center dot HCl form could participate in carbon recycle and they are potential carbon source; HCl form may be buried for a long time in sediments, and it may be one of the final resting places of atmospheric CO2. Inorganic carbon which entered into sediments was about 4.98 x 10(10) g in the Jiaozhou Bay every year, in which about 1.47x10(10) g of inorganic carbon might be buried for a long time and about 3.51. x 10(10) g of inorganic carbon might return into seawater and take part in carbon recycling.

The antioxidant activity of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan

Chitosan (CS) with two different molecular weights was modified by reacting with 4-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride or 2-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride to give new 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan (2-HCBSAHCS, 2-HCBSALCS, 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS). The structure of the derivatives was characterized by FT-IR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were investigated employing various established systems, such as hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot)/superoxide anion (O-2(radical anion)) scavenging/reducing power and chelating activity. All the derivatives showed stronger scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical than chitosan and ascorbic acid (Vc), and IC50 of 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS, 2-HCBSAHCS and 2-HCBSALCS was 0.334, 0.302, 0.442, 0.346 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the derivatives toward superoxide radical by the PMS-NADH system were strong. The results showed that the superoxide radical scavenging effect of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan was higher than chitosan. The derivatives had obviously reducing power and slight chelating activity. The data obtained in in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The antioxidant activity of glucosamine hydrochloride in vitro

The antioxidant potency of chitin derivative-glucosamine hydrochloride was investigated employing various established in vitro systems. Such as superoxide (O-2(center dot-))/hydroxyl ((OH)-O-center dot)-radical scavenging, reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating potency. As expected, we obtained several satisfying results, its follows: first, glucosamine hydrochloride had pronounced scavenging effect on superoxide radical. For example, the O-2(center dot-) scavenging activity of glucosamine hydrochloride was 83.74 parts per thousand at 0.8 mg/mL. Second, the (OH)-O-center dot scavenging activity of glucosamine hydrochloride was also strong and was about 54.89% at 3.2 mg/mL. Third, the reducing power of glucosamine hydrochloride was more pronounced. The reducing power of glucosamine hydrochloride was 0.632 at 0.75 mg/mL. However, ferrous ion-chelating potency was soft. Furthermore, ferrous ion-chelating potency, the scavenging rate of radical, and the reducing power of glucosamine hydrochloride increased with their increasing concentration, and they were concentration dependent. The multiple antioxidant activity of glucosamine hydrochloride was evident as it showed considerable reducing power, superoxide/hydroxyl-radical scavenging ability. These in vitro results suggest the possibility that glucosamille hydrochloride could be effectively employed its an ingredient in health or functional food, to alleviate oxidative stress. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Strong visible up-conversion emissions and thermometric applications of Er3+-Yb3+ codoped Al2O3 prepared by the sol-gel method

The Er3+-Yb3+ codoped Al2O3 has been prepared by the sol-gel method using the aluminium isopropoxide [Al(OC3H7)(3)]-derived Al2O3 sols with addition of the erbium nitrate [Er(NO3)(3) center dot 5H(2)O] and ytterbium nitrate [Yb(NO3)(3) center dot 5H(2)O]. The phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phases, theta and gamma, was obtained for the 1 mol% Er3+ and 5 mol% Yb3+ codoped Al2O3 at the sintering temperature of 1,273 K. By a 978 nm semiconductor laser diodes excitation, the visible up-conversion emissions centered at about 523, 545, and 660 nm were obtained. The temperature dependence of the green up-conversion emissions was studied over a wide temperature range of 300-825 K, and the reasonable agreement between the calculated temperature by the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) theory and the measured temperature proved that Er3+-Yb3+ codoped Al2O3 plays an important role in the application of high temperature sensor.

Influence of N doping on the Rashba coefficient, semiconductor-metal transition, and electron effective mass in InSb1-xNx nanowires: Ten-band k center dot p model

The electronic structures of InSb1-xNx nanowires are investigated using the ten-band k center dot p method. It is found that nitrogen increases the Rashba coefficient of the nanowires dramatically. For thick nanowires, the Rashba coefficient may increase by more than 20 times. The semiconductor-metal transition occurs more easily in InSb1-xNx nanowires than in InSb nanowires. The electronic structure of InSb1-xNx nanowires is very different from that of the bulk material. For fixed x the bulk material is a semimetal, while the nanowires are metal-like. In InSb1-xNx bulk material and thick nanowires, an interesting decrease of electron effective mass is observed near k=0 which is induced by the nitrogen, but this phenomenon disappears in thin nanowires.

Origin and elimination of spurious solutions of the eight-band k center dot p theory

The origin of spurious solutions in the eight-band envelope function model is examined and it is shown that spurious solutions arise from the additional spurious degeneracies caused by the unphysical bowing of the conduction bands calculated within the eight-band k center dot p model. We propose two approaches to eliminate these spurious solutions. Using the first approach, the wave vector cutoff method, we demonstrate the origin and elimination of spurious solutions in a transparent way without modifying the original Hamiltonian. Through the second approach, we introduce some freedom in modifying the Hamiltonian. The comparison between the results from the various modified Hamiltonians suggests that the wave vector cutoff method can give accurate enough description to the final results.

Topological Diversity of Coordination Polymers Containing the Rigid Terephthalate and a Flexible N,N'-Type Ligand: Interpenetration, Polyrotaxane, and Polythreading

Reactions of zinc(II) or cadmium(II) salts with terephthalic acid (H(2)tp) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane (bpp) have afforded four coordination polymers at room temperature, [Zn(mu-tp)(mu-bpp)](n)center dot 2nH(2)O (1), [Cd-2(mu-tp)(2)(mu-bpp)(3)](n)center dot 2nH(2)O (2), [Cd(mu-tp)(mu-bpp)(H2O)](n)center dot nH(2)O (3), and [Cd-2(mu-tp)(mu-bpp)(2)(bpp)(2)Br-2](n) (4). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has revealed interesting topological features for these compounds.

N-Acetyl-N-{2-[(Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]phenyl}acetamide

The title compound, C13H11ClF3NO2, adopts a Z conformation. Halogen center dot center dot center dot oxygen interactions [Cl center dot center dot center dot O = 2.967 (3) angstrom] in the crystal packing lead to the formation of a dimer joined by two Cl center dot center dot center dot O bonds.

Metal-organic frameworks based on the pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate and a flexible bispyridyl ligand: syntheses, structures, and photoluminescence

Three new metal-organic coordination polymers, [Cu(2,3-pydc)(bpp)]center dot 2.5H(2)O (1), [Zn(2,3-pydc)(bpp)]center dot 2.5H(2)O (2) and [Cd(2,3-pydc)(bpp)(H2O)]center dot 3H(2)O (3) (2,3-pydcH(2) = pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, bpp 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane), have been synthesized at room temvperature. All complexes have metal ions serving as 4-connected nodes but represent two quite different structural motifs. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous, both of which feature 2D -> 3D parallel interpenetration. Each two-dimensional (2D) layer with (4, 4) topology is interlocked by two nearest neighbours, one above and one below, thus leading to an unusual 3D motif. Complex 3 has a non-interpenetrating 3D CdSO4 framework with cavities occupied by uncoordinated water molecules.

Soluble neodymium chloride 2-ethylhexanol complex as a highly active catalyst for controlled isoprene polymerization

Soluble NdCl3 center dot 3EHOH (2-ethyl hexanol) in hexane combined with AlEt3 is highly active for isoprene polymerization in hexane. The NdCl3 center dot 3EHOH/AlEt3 has higher activity than the typical binary catalyst NdCl3 center dot 3(i)PrOH (isopropanol)/AlEt3 and ternary catalyst NdV3 (neodymium versatate)/AlEt2Cl/Al(i-Bu)(2)H. The molecular weight of polyisoprenes can be controlled by variation of [Nd], [Al]/[Nd] ratio and polymerization temperature and time. The NdCl3 center dot 3EHOH/AlEt3 catalyst polymerized isoprene to afford products featuring high cis-1,4 stereospecificity (ca. 96%), high molecular weight (ca. 10(5)) and relatively narr ow molecular weight distributions (M-w/M-n = 2.0-2.8) simultaneously. More importantly, some living polymerization characteristics were demonstrated: (a) absence of chain termination; (b) linear correlation between M-n and polymer yield; (c) increment of molecular weight in the 'seeding' polymerization. Though some deviation from the typical living polymerization such as molecular weight distribution is not narrow enough and the line of M-n and polymer yield does not extrapolate to zero, controlled polymerization with the current catalyst can still be concluded.