荧光光度法中Kalman滤波法指示未知组分的研究

以苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸三组分体系的荧光光度分析为例,研究了Kalman滤波法指示未知组分的潜力.根据新息序列的白噪音特性,建立指示函数,并确定指示函数的临界值,指示未知组分存在;并根据相对新息序列的形状可大致估计未知组分的荧光光谱的形状和峰位.

STUDIES ON OLEFIN-COORDINATING TRANSITION-METAL CARBENE COMPLEXES .20. SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE(DICARBONYL) [ETHOXY(ARYL)-CARBENE]IRON COMPLEXES AND THEIR PHOSPHINE ADDUCTS - CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF C6H8(CO)2FEC(OC2H5)C6H4CH3-O

Reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene(tricarbonyl)iron (1) with ortho-substituted aryllithium reagents ArLi (Ar=o-CH3C6H4, o-CH3OC6H4, o-CF3C6H4) in ether at low temperature, and subsequent alkylation of the acylmetalates formed with Et3OBF4 in aqueous solution at 0-degrees-C or in CH2Cl2 at -60-degrees-C gave the 1,3-cyclohexadiene(dicarbonyl)[ethoxy(aryl)carbene]iron complexes (eta4-C6H8)(CO)2FeC(OC2H5)Ar (3, Ar = o-CH3C6H4; 4, Ar = o-CH3OC6H4), and the isomerized product (eta3-C6H8)(CO)2FeC(OC2H5)C6H4CF3-o (5), respectively, among which the structure of 3 has been established by an X-ray diffraction study. Complex 3 is monoclinic, space group P2(1) with a = 8.118(4), b = 7.367(4), c = 14.002(6) angstrom, beta = 104.09(3)-degrees, V = 812.2(6) angstrom3, Z = 2, D(c) = 1.39 g cm-3, R = 0.056, and R(w) = 0.062 for 976 observed reflections. Complexes 3 and 5 were converted into the chelated allyliron phosphine adducts(eta3-C6H8)(CO)2(PR31)FeC(OC2H5)Ar (6, Ar = o-CH3C6H4, R1 = Ph; 7, Ar = o-CH3C6H4, R1 = OPh; 9, Ar = o-CF3C6H4, R1 = Ph), by reaction with phosphines in petroleum ether at low temperatures.

A novel anti-tumor protein extracted from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus induces cell death by increasing cell permeability and inhibiting tubulin polymerization

Discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals from marine organisms are attracting increasing interest. Several agents derived from marine organisms are under preclinical and clinical evaluation as potential anticancer drugs. We extracted and purified a novel anti-tumor protein from the coelomic fluid of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The molecular weight of the highly purified protein, designated MML, was 40 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. MML exhibited significant cytotoxicity to several cancer cell types, including human hepatoma BEL-7402, human breast cancer MCF-7 and human colon cancer HCT116 cells. However, no inhibitory effect was found when treating murine normal fibroblasts NIH3T3 and benign human breast MCF-10A cells with MML. The cell death induced by MML was characterized by cell morphological changes. The induction of apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells by MML was weak by DNA ladder assay. The possible mechanisms of its anti-tumor effect might be the changes in cell membrane permeability and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. MML may be developed as a novel, highly selective and effective anti-cancer drug.

The genetic analysis and germplasm identification of the gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae) with RAPD method

Eleven pairs of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar gametophytes were identified with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. After screening 100 primers, 20 ten-base primers were determined for the RAPD analysis. A total of 312 polymorphic loci were obtained, of which 97.7% were polymorphic. The primer S198 was found to distinguish all the selected Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes. The genetic distances between each two of the twenty-two U. pinnatifida gametophytes ranged from 0.080 to 0.428, while the distances to the Laminaria was 0.497 on average. After reexamination, two sequences characterized amplification region (SCAR) markers were successfully converted, which could be applied to U. pinnatifida germplasm identification. All these results demonstrated the feasibility of applying RAPD markers to germplasm characterization and identification of U. pinnatifida gametophytes, and to provide a molecular basis for Undaria breeding.

Palaeoenvironmental changes from pollen record in deep sea core PC-1 from northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea during the past 24 ka

A pollen record of core PC-1 from the northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea (ECS), provides information on vegetation and climate changes since 24 cal. kaBP. A total of 103 samples were palynologically analyzed at 8 cm intervals with a time resolution of 230 a. Four pollen zones are recognized: zone I (812-715 cm, 24.2-21.1 cal. kaBP), zone II (715-451 cm, 21.1-15.2 cal. kaBP), zone III (451-251 cm, 15.2-10.8 cal. kaBP), zone IV (251-0 cm, 10.8-0.3 cal. kaBP), corresponding to Late MIS 3, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), deglaciation and Holocene, respectively. The LGM is characterized by the dominance of herbs, mainly Artemisia, and high pollen influx, implying an open vegetation on the exposed continental shelf and a cool and dry climate. The deglaciation is a climate warming stage with Pinus percentage increased and Artemisia percentage decreased and a rapid sea-level rise. The Holocene is characterized by predominance of tree pollen with rapid increase in Castanea-Castanopsis indicating the development of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and a warm, humid climate. Low pollen influx during the Holocene probably implies submergence of the continental shelf and retreat of the pollen source area. The vegetation indicated by pollen assemblage found in this upper zone is consistent with the present vegetation found in Kyushu, Japan. Originating from the humid mountain area of North Luzon of the Philippines, Tasmania and New Zealand, Phyllocladus with sporadic occurrence throughout PC-1 core probably suggests the influence of Palaeo-Kuroshio Current or intense summer monsoon. The observed changes in Pinus and Herbs percentage indicate fluctuations of the sea level, and high Pinus percentage corresponds to high sea level. Spectrum analysis of the pollen percentage record reveals many millennial-scale periodicities, such as periodicities of 6.8, 3.85 2.2, 1.6 ka.

辽东湾斑海豹PHOCA LARGHA的年龄鉴定、种群动态和资源保护的初步研究

本文通过对个体年龄鉴定方法的研究，初步分析了辽东湾斑海豹种群的年龄组成、种群动态及数量变化与环境条件的关系。（1）以已知年龄斑海豹（自2个月至24龄）牙齿中的年生长层组为标准，通过计数未知年龄个体牙齿中的年生长层组，准确鉴定了个体年龄，绘制出年龄－体长曲线。活体的大致年龄可通过比较体长而获得。以犬齿中间位置的横切片做年龄鉴定效果最佳。2龄时齿腔根部开始封闭，4 ～ 5龄时全部齿腔为牙齿质充满，故4龄前个体的年龄主要依据牙齿质中的年生长层组，4龄后主要依据牙骨质中的年生长层组。（2）根据种群的年龄结构推知，种群的净增殖率R_0为1.0605，平均世代时间T为6.9149年，内禀增长能力r_m为0.00849/年，周限增长率λ为1.00823年。4、5、6、7龄的雌海豹繁殖价最大，对种群的数量有较大影响。1龄以上斑海豹的死亡曲线仅在接近生理寿命处有一个死亡高峰。（3）斑海豹数量的急剧下降与栖息地生境的改变和人为滥捕有关。但由于R_0 = 1.0605 > 1，所以只要加以妥善保护，种群数量会上升。

A new poly brominated dibenzylphenol from Rhodomela confervoides

A new poly brominated dibenzylphenol named as rhodomevoidin was isolated from Rhodomela confervoides. Its structrue was elucidated as 3-bromo-4, 5-bis (2, 3-dibromo-4, 5-dihydroxybenzyI)pyrocatechol by spectroscopic methods including IR, HRFABMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

青海湖地区芨芨草草地土壤种子库的初步研究

选择青海湖地区的次生芨芨草草地为研究对象,以围栏内封育和围栏外自由放牧的草地做对照,研究了围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发状况、密度和数量、物种多样性,以及土壤种子库与地上植被的关系。结果表明,围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发趋势非常相似,但是萌发种子累计数量不同;围栏内外土壤种子库中萌发种子的平均密度分别为3660和2460粒·m-2,围栏内萌发种子数比围栏外提高了48.8%;围栏内外土壤种子库的物种多样性指数差异较大,围栏内外丰富度指数R1分别为17和13,R2为3.693和2.832,丰富度围栏内大于围栏外,多样性指数和丰富度指数具有相同的规律,均匀度指数围栏内外分别为0.812和0.857,则是围栏外大于围栏内。围栏内外地上植被群落组成存在显著差异,围栏内的封育草地的物种丰富度和多样性指数均大于围栏外的放牧草地,而均匀度指数则呈相反趋势。

祁连獐牙菜化学成分研究

目的 研究祁连獐牙菜Swertia przewalskii全草的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化，通过波谱方法及化学关联进行结构鉴定；结果 分离纯化出15个化合物，分别鉴定为：1，7-二羟基-3，8-二甲氧基San酮（Ⅰ），1，8-二羟基-3，7-二甲氧基San酮（Ⅱ），1，7，8-三羟基-3-甲氧基San酮（Ⅲ），1，3，7，8-四羟基San酮（Ⅳ），1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-7-羟基-3，8-二甲氧基San酮（Ⅴ），1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-羟基-3，7-二甲氧基San酮（Ⅵ），7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-1，8-二羟基-3-甲氧基San酮（Ⅶ），1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖（1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-7-羟基-3，8-二甲氧基San酮（Ⅷ），1-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-1，7-二羟基-3-甲氧基S sgmk(X),木犀草素（Ⅺ），齐墩果酸（Ⅻ），乌苏酸（XⅣ）和龙胆苦苷（XV）。结论 化合物Ⅳ-Ⅷ，Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅣ和XV均为首次从该种植物中分得。

Embryology of Swertia cincta (Gentianaceae) and Its Systematic Value

This paper reports the mega-, micro-sporogenesis and female-, male-gametogenesis of Swertia cincta for the first time, with the aim of discussing the systematic position of section Platynema and section Ophelia of Swertia. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. The development of anther walls conforms to the dicotyledonous type. The tapetum cells have dual origin and are similar to the glandular type. There are two middle layers. The endothecium and epidermis persist. Cytokinesis in the microsporrocyte meiosis is simultaneous type and the microscpore teads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are 3-celled. The ovary is bicarpellum and unilocular. The placentation is of suparietal placentation with 12 series of ovules. The ovules. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar and ana-campylotropous, The embryo sac orignates from the single-archesporial cell. The one chalazal megaspore in lienar tetrad become the functional megasore. The development of embryo sac is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, two polar nuclei fuse into one secondary nucleus. Three antipodal cells persisted and divided into 5-8 cells. A comparison between two sections indicates that section Plathnema is better treated as distinct section and is more advanced than section Ophelia according to the evolutionary trends of embryological characters.

退耕弃荒洼地土壤有机碳在生态系统转化过程中的动态变化

在贵州喀斯特区域一块典型的退耕弃荒洼地中央和周边坡面采集了4个土壤剖面,研究土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和δ^13Corg值的变化.结果表明,坡面不同土壤层次SOC的变化范围为6.0-92.3 mg·kg^-1,并沿着土壤层次的加深迅速降低,变化幅度远远大于洼地土壤剖面（6.3-26.7 mg·kg^-1）.坡面土壤δ^13Corg介于-25.103‰和-23.666‰之间,但各剖面土层内部δ^13Corg变化趋势不一致.洼地土壤δ^13Corg介于-23.495‰和-20.809‰之间,并随着土壤层次的加深δ^13Corg逐渐增加.洼地土壤剖面层次内C4-C占SOC的比例随土壤层次的加深逐渐增加,与林-农生态系统转变过程中的变化趋势相反;土壤δ^13Corg与C3-C之间呈显著相关性（R^2=0.7806,n=7）,对δ^13Corg起到主要影响作用的是退耕弃荒后新加入的C3-C.

2．0GPa、室温至1200℃条件下斜长角闪岩的纵波速度及其衰减

利用YJ－3000t压力机，在2．0GPa、室温至1200℃条件下，测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度（vp）和力学品质因子（Q值）。实验结果表明：斜长角闪岩的vp和Q值随温度的升高而降低，在升温的初始阶段，vp和Q值随温度下降的幅度较小，随着温度的升高其下降的幅度逐渐增大；由于斜长角闪岩的各向异性，导致了在三个方向上vp随温度而下降的幅度显著增大时的温度不同，其中x和y方向为812℃，z方向为673℃。而在各方向上的Q值随温度下降的幅度显著增大时的温度相差不大，约为812℃。观察回收的实验产物表明：当温度大于647℃时，产物中开始出现熔体，vp在x和y方向上的下降幅度没有明显的变化，而在x方向上的下降幅度增大；此时熔体对Q值的影响不大。当温度大于812℃时，产物中的熔体含量明显增多，vp和Q值下降的幅度都显著增大。据此认为，部分熔融是弹性波速度减小和衰减增大的主要原因.

滇西上芒岗卡林型金矿床地球化学特征

岩石化学与微量元素研究表明，在强经泥质灰岩中，SiO2和Au、As、Sb含量增高，CaO、CO2和MgO含量降低；在强碳酸盐化泥质灰岩中，AgO和CO2含量增高，SiO2含量降低；不同蚀变与矿化岩石的稀土含量和配分模式与未蚀变泥质灰岩基本一致。流体包裹体研究揭示，成矿溶液为富Cl^-型和富SO4^2-型，爆裂温度为183－378℃。同位素研究指示，δ^34S=(6.471-21.965)×10^-3，δ^18O=(9.3-11.6)×10^-3，δD=(-70--77)×10^-3,^206Pb=19.551-20.05,^027Pb/^204Pb=15.690-16.240,^208Pb/^204Pb=38.710-40.137；成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水相混合的特点，成矿物质具有壳－幔混合特征。

新疆哈密香山基性—超基性杂岩体的岩石学和地球化学

香山基性—超基性杂岩体位于新疆哈密境内，地理坐标为东经94°30'-94°37'，北纬42°15'-42°20'。本文研究了该岩体的岩石学、地球化学、矿物学特征。最后提出了关于香山岩体成因的假设。香山岩体的主体是辉长苏长岩，它占整个杂岩体出露地表面积的绝大部分，其它岩石类型有斜长方辉橄榄岩、（斜长角闪）二辉橄榄岩，（斜长角闪）单辉橄榄岩、（角闪）橄榄辉长（苏长）岩，辉长岩。岩体中各种岩石均为中粗粒结构，块状构造。显微结构最特征的是包含结构，还有辉长结构，反应边结构，金属矿物较多时具海绵陨铁结构。主要蚀变类型有蛇纹石化，还有绿泥石化，透闪石化，滑石化、绢石化、钠黝帘石化、碳酸盐化等。杂岩体中的超基性岩的m/f = 1.9-4.6，属于铁质超基性岩，为与铜镍矿床有关的岩石类型。各种岩石在久野（1966）的Na_2O + K_2O → SiO_2变异图中，大部分属于碱性玄武岩系。但由于在CIPW标准矿物组成和薄片不均未发现富碱矿物（霞石或白榴石），因此，认为岩体的母岩浆是一种过渡型的碱性橄榄玄武岩浆。岩石的微量元素含量，从方辉橄榄岩至辉长苏长岩，随着基性度减小，Ti、V、Zn、Sr、Ba逐渐增加。Cr、Ni、Co、Cu逐渐减小。所有岩石均呈轻稀土富集型，从方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩直至辉长苏长岩，稀土总量和轻重稀土比L/HREE逐渐增加。方辉橄榄岩有Eu轻微正异常 、二辉橄榄岩Eu轻微负异常。单辉橄榄岩是具较大的Eu正异常，辉长苏长岩有正的或负的Eu异常，所有的岩石均具Ce轻微负异常。岩体中各种造岩矿物橄榄石为贵橄榄石，单斜辉石为顽透石或普通辉石，斜长石为拉长石，角闪石则为钙角闪石。岩石中各种矿物的结晶温度（用不同方法计算的结果比较一致）分别为：橄榄石1455～1654 ℃，单斜辉石976～1150 ℃（与母岩类型有关），斜长石1100 ℃左右，角闪石812-1002 ℃（与母岩有有关。岩体的母岩浆是在1200 ℃，25.9Kb（约80 KM深处）条件下上地幔岩经8-9%的部分熔融产生的（用平衡部分熔融状型计算得出）。岩浆结晶过程可用F_o-D_i-An三元相图定性说明，依次结晶生成：纯橄榄岩（未见）→ 辉石橄榄岩（方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩） → 橄榄辉长苏长岩，由于实际情况复杂，还有其它岩石类型生成。