Electrochemical studies of lipophilic ion transport through BLM. The influence of sterols on its transport

Cyclic voltammetry was employed to study the influence of sterols on the lipophilic ion transport through the BLM. The mole fraction of the sterols (cholesterol, oxidized cholesterol). as referred to total lipid, was varied in a range of 0-0.8. Data demonstrate that a thin-layer model is suitable to this BLM system. By this model, the number of charges transported per lipophilic ion, the concentration of the ion in the membrane bulk phase and the aqueous/membrane phase partition coefficient could be calculated. These parameters proved that sterols had an obvious influence on the lipophilic ion transport. Cholesterol had a stronger influence on the ion transport than oxidized cholesterol. Its incorporation into egg lecithin membranes increased the partition coefficient beta of the ion up to more than 3-fold. Yet, oxidized cholesterol incorporated into egg lecithin membranes only increased the beta up to less than 2-fold, and the beta had no great variation at different oxidized cholesterol mole fractions. The higher beta obtained was partly due to the trace amount of solvent existing in the core of the lipid bilayers. At the different sterol mole fractions, combining the change of beta with the change of peak current, we also concluded that sterols had somewhat inhibiting effect on the ion transport at the higher sterols mole fraction (>0.4). These results are explained in terms of the possible change of dipole potential of the membrane produced by sterols and the decrease of the membrane fluidity caused by the condensation effect of sterols and the thinning effect caused by sterols. The substituting group (in the oxidized cholesterol) had some inhibiting effects on the ion transport at higher mole fractions (oxidized cholesterol mole fraction >0.4).

The exciplex as an intermediate for photocycloaddition of 9-vinyl anthracene and p-N, N-dimethylamino styrene

The appearence of the new fluorescence peak at about 570 nm demonstrates exciplex formation between the singlet states of 9-vinyl anthracene and p-N, N-dimethylamino stytene. With increasing the polarity of solvents t the red-shift of the emission wavelength occurs and the fluorescence quantum yield of the exciplex decreases. For example t the fluorescence peak is at 550 nm in totuene and at 595 nm in butanone. The fluorescence quatum yields in totuene and in butanone are 0.053 and O respectively. Both the relative yield of the photocycloaddition dimer and the ratio of the relative yields of the trans and cis dimers decrease with increasing the polarity of solvents. For example, the relative yields of the dimer are 1.0 in totuene and 0.04 in butanone respectively. The ratio of the relative yields of traits and cis dimers are 0.54 and 0 in totuene and butanones t respectively. In addition, the exciplex intermediate mechanism was suggested for the photocycloaddition between 9-vinyl anthracene and 9-N, N-dimethylamino styrene.

Synthesis and structure of 1:1 complex of ethylphenyltin dichloride with N-4-methoxyphenyl-2-hydroxynaphthylideneimine

A novel organotin complex, EtPhSnCl(2) . 2HOC(10)H(6)CH = NC6H1OCH3 was synthesized, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is triclinic, belonging to space group, with unit cell parameters a = 1.150 8(5) nm, b = 1. 153 1(5) gm, c = 1. 004 6 (3) nm, alpha = 94. 15 (3)degrees, beta = 115.47 (3)degrees, r = 85. 94 (4)degrees, V = 1199 7(1) nm(3), Z=2, D-c=1.68 g/cm(3), mu=13. 20 cm(-1), F(000)=618 for 4 131 reflections tions. R=0. 047, R(w)=0. 047. The ligand coordinates to tin atom via phenolic oxygen atom. The complex has a distored trigonal bipyramidal structure, the phenolic oxygen atom of the ligand and one of two chlorine atoms occupy the axial position. The distance between noncoodinated nitrogen atom with phenolic oxygen atom is 0. 257 4 nm, which indicates that the intramolecular hydrogen bond of Schiff base ligand is retained in the complex.

一种在线电化学-气相色谱接口的设计及应用

本文介绍一种以聚四氯乙烯为主要材料设计制作的在线（On－line）电化学-气相色谱接口。在这个接口中，进样阀电化学池既具有薄层电化学池的功能，又作为微量液体进样阀，电化学薄层腔作为进样阀的定量管。该接口表观电阻为2．5kΩ，具有良好的电化学性能。给出了（TPP）Co电催化1，2-二氯乙烷的在线电化学-气相色谱的应用结果。

以激基缔合物为中间体的对－N，N－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯的光环加成反应

研究了对－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯生成的激基缔合物在不同极性溶剂中的荧光特性，发现其荧光发射波长随溶剂的极性增大向长波方向移动，且发现激基缔合物荧光量子产率的大小决定对－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯的光环加成产物的产率。其中反式产物的相对产率随溶液极性增大而降低，并进一步探讨了此光环加成反应的机理。

阳离子交换型聚合物AQ薄膜修饰碳纤维电极及伏安行为

本文成功地制备了Eastman-AQ-55D聚合物修饰碳纤维电极,用循环伏安法探讨了一些实验参数的影响,并对Ru(NH_3)_6~(3+)、甲基紫精进行了分析,结果表明,AQ-55D修饰的微电极稳定性好,修饰方法简单,灵敏度和选择性都有一定的提高,Ru(NH_3)_6~(3+)、甲基紫精的峰电流与浓度在1.2×10~(-6)～1.2×10~(-5)mol/L、1.7×10~(-6)～1.4×10~(-5)mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.999、0.998.利用此电极测定了几种离子在膜中的扩散系数.

STRUCTURE OF 1,10-DIAMINODECANE TETRACHLOROZINCATE

[NH3(CH2)10NH3][ZnCl4], M(r) = 381.51, triclinic, P1BAR, a = 7.296 (1), b = 10.110 (3), c = 12.814 (4) angstrom, alpha = 90.84 (2), beta = 101.17 (2), gamma = 92.52 (2)-degrees, V = 926.13 angstrom 3, Z = 2, D(x) = 1.37 Mg m-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71073 angstrom, mu = 1.925 mm-1, F(000) = 396, T = 298 K, final R = 0.070 for 1237 unique reflections [I > 3-sigma(I)]. The structure is characterized by layers of inorganic ions sandwiched between layers formed by the paraffinic chains.

LnVO_4:Eu发光中有关的化学因素

本文讨论了LnVO_4:Eu(Ln_(0.9)Eu_(0.1)VO_4,Ln=La~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、Y~(3+)、Sc'+和Lu_(3+))多晶粉末中Eu~(3+)离子~5D_0→~7F_2电偶跃迁(618.4nm)发光与化学组成、晶体结构和R—O键强之间的变化规律。

系列人参皂甙的快原子轰击质谱研究

本文研究了九种人参皂甙的正离子快原子轰击质谱(PFAB)及负离子快原子轰击质谱(NFAB)。鉴于某些皂甙类及其它生物活性物质含量少、分离难等特点,工作中我们重点放在提高灵敏度上,并选择了适合于皂甙的底物,用0.5μg的样品,得到了满意的谱图。

Cloning and characterization of a novel C-type lectin gene from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

In invertebrates, C-type lectins play crucial roles in innate immunity responses by mediating the recognition of host cells to pathogens and clearing microinvaders, which interact with carbohydrates and function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A novel C-type lectin gene (LvLec) cDNA was cloned from hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei by expressed sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full-length cDNA of LvLec was of 618 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 60 bp and a 3'-UTR of 87 bp with a poly (A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence of LvLec possessed all conserved features critical for the fundamental structure, such as the four cysteine residues (Cys(53), Cys(128), Cys(144), Cys(152)) involved in the formation of disulfides bridges and the potential Ca2+/carbohydrate-binding sites. The high similarity and the close phylogenetic relationship of LvLec shared with C-type lectins from vertebrates and invertebrates. The structural features of LvLec indicated that it was an invertebrate counterpart of the C-type lectin family. The cDNA fragment encoding the mature peptide of LvLec was recombined and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS. The recombinant protein (rLvLec) could agglutinate bacteria E. coli JM109 depending on Ca2+, and the agglutination could be inhibited by mannose and EDTA. These results indicated that LvLec was a new member of C-type lectin family and involved in the immune defence response to Gram negative bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pharmacological and immunocytochemical investigation of the role of catecholamines on larval metamorphosis by beta-adrenergic-like receptor in the bivalve Meretrix meretrix

Catecholamines regulate several physiological processes in mollusks. Many pharmacological experiments have been conducted to determine the effects of adrenergic agonist and antagonist of catecholamine receptors on Meretrix meretrix metamorphosis. Results showed that adrenaline (AD) and noradrenaline (NA) had substantial effects (p < 0.05) on larval metamorphosis at concentrations ranging from 10 mu M to 100 mu M. 10 mu M beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist isoproterenol showed the same inducement effect as that of NA and AD on metamorphosis, whereas the alpha-AR agonist phenylephrine had no significant effect at concentrations between 0.1 mu M and 100 mu M concentrations (p > 0.05). Furthermore, I mu M beta-AR antagonist propanolol, but not alpha-AR antagonist prazosin, depressed the larval metamorphosis induced by NA or AD. By immunocytochemistry, two cell bodies of beta-adrenergic-like receptor, C/A1, C/A2, were observed in the cerebral/apical ganglion of competent larvae. In addition, there were other immunoreactive dots near C/A1 and C/A2. The results of pharmacology and immunocytochemistry suggests that beta-adrenergic-like receptor located in the larval CNS, might play a considerable role in the larval metamorphosis of M meretrix by AD or NA. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

牙鲆雌核发育分析鉴定与性别决定机制研究

本研究应用同工酶和随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）方法，分析了牙鲆野生种群和雌核发育群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平；应用RAPD方法对比分析了雌核发育牙鲆的亲鱼和子代DNA样品；采用PCR扩增牙鲆SRY同源片段并进行了序列分析；将RAPD扩增产物中性别连锁DNA片克隆与测序。主要结果有：1.牙鲆雌核发育群体同工酶的Ldh-C，Cat两个基因座位发生了重组，基因座位与着丝点之间的重组率分别为52.6％和29.8％；雌核发育群体RAPD分析发现136个DNA片段中有22个发生基因分离，但由于研究方法的局限，不能确定是否发生基因重组。2.牙鲆雌核发育群体的同工酶多态座位比例和平均杂合度分别为6.90%和0.0350；研究中提出了RAPD遗传多样参数修正算法；野生种群RAPD多态片段比例37.57％，多态座位比例20.88％，平均杂合度0.0852；雌核发育群体RAPD多态片段比例16.18％，多态座位比例8.98％，平均杂合度0.03898。同工酶与RAPD方法得出结果基本一致。3.牙鲆雌核发育群体与野生群体之间的RAPD遗传相似度I＝0.9036，遗传距离D＝0.1014，已超过一般鱼类地理种群之间的遗传距离值。雌核发育群体的遗传多样性指数（H＿O＝7.1982）远低于野生群体（H＿O＝28.0986）。雌核发育与野生群体H_(pop)／H_(sp)＝0.9716，（H_(sp)－H_(pop)）／H_(sp)＝0.0284，表明97.16％的遗传多样性是由群体内不同个体间的差异造成的，只有2.84％遗传多样性与群体间分化有关。4.分析过同工酶多态座位比例、同工酶平均杂合度、RAPD多态片段比例、RAPD多态座位比例、RAPD平均杂合度、群体遗传多样性指数H＿O等遗传多样性参数，牙鲆雌核发育群体各参数比野生群体减少55.39％－77.74％，说明它的遗传多样性严重损失。5.采用RAPD对照分析亲本与雌核发育子代胚胎的DNA样品。结果表明，雌鱼有、雄鱼无的基因，雌核发育子代表达；雌鱼无、雄鱼有的基因，雌核发育子代不表达，正常受精二倍体对照组表达正常。证明牙鲆雌核发育子代的遗传物质来自母本，雌核发育诱导使用的精子经过紫外线灭活后，遗传物质已被破坏，其携带的遗传信息没有传给子代，在DNA水平证明了雌核发育诱导方法和结果的可靠性。6.进行了牙鲆性别决定机制研究。PCR分析了哺乳动物性别决定基因SRY同源片段在牙鲆的表达情况。扩产物均无个体差异，也没有性别差异。将扩增产物中信号最强的sry-2片段测序，其648bp序列与人SRY基因相应的419bp片段进行了同源性分析，两者同源性为35％，同源性很低，只有随机的碱基重合。由于牙鲆SRY PCR 扩增带没有全部分析，不能肯定牙鲆没有SRY同源片段。RAPD分析确定3个引物的4条扩增片段与性别相关，分别克隆、测序，S134和S145－S两个片段得到了完整序列。

营养盐硅、光和水温对浮游植物生长的影响

本文主要阐述硅是胶州湾的浮游植物生长的限制因子。根据胶州湾1991年5月至1994年2月的观测数据，分析比较研究该水域主要理化因子（温、光、五项营养盐：NO＿3－N，NO＿2－N，NH＿4－N，SiO＿3－Si，PO＿4－P）与浮游植物的初级生产力时空分布变化之间的关系。发现硅酸盐对初级生产力的特征分布、动态周期和变化趋势有着重要影响；通过初级生产力的变化和硅酸盐的变化以统计学和微分方程为工具建立了相应的有意义的初级生产力－硅酸盐的动态模型和模拟曲线；又从胶州湾的硅酸盐成因和生物地球化学的沉积过程，浮游植物硅藻对营养盐氮、磷、硅吸收的比值分析以及浮游植物的优势种和浮游植物的结构分析，对硅酸盐是胶州湾浮植物的限制因子问题进行初步探讨，认为胶州湾的硅酸盐是浮游植物的初级生产力的限制因子并对具有明显的高营养盐浓度，却有着浮游植物的低生物量的这些海域进行了合理解释。对胶州湾的光照时间、水温进行分析，认为光照时间的变化和周期控制着水温的变化和周期，并建立了相应的有意义的光照时间时滞——水温的动态模型。又通过叶绿素a和初级生产力提出了新概念：浮游植物的增殖能力（比初级生产力）既不同于初级生产力，也不同于碳同化数。它对浮游植物的生长过程进行了定量化的深刻的揭示。对胶州湾的浮游植物的增殖能力的时空分布特征和季节变化特点进行的分析研究。使我们大体知道浮植物生长的动态周期、特征和区域。建立了相应的有意义的水温——增殖能力的动态模型和模拟曲线。认为胶州湾的水温控制着浮游植物的增殖能力的周期性和起伏性。阐述了浮游植物有夏季的单峰型（1回）增殖和春、秋季的双峰型（2回）增殖的机制。并解释了光照时间、水温对初级生产力的影响。

Behavior of uranium in the Yellow River plume (Yellow river estuary)

The Yellow River (Huanghe) is the second largest river in China and is known for its high turbidity. It also has remarkably high levels of dissolved uranium (U) concentrations (up to 38 nmol l(-1)). To examine the mixing behavior of dissolved U between river water and seawater, surface water samples were collected along a salinity gradient from the Yellow River plume during September 2004 and were measured for dissolved U concentration, U-234:U-238 activity ratio, phosphate (PO43-), and suspended particulate matter. Laboratory experiments were also conducted to simulate the mixing process in the Yellow River plume using unfiltered Yellow River water and filtered seawater. The results showed a nonconservative behavior for dissolved U at salinities < 20 with an addition of U to the plume waters estimated at about 1.4 X 10(5) mol yr(-1). A similarity between variations in dissolved U and PO43- with salinity was also found. There are two major mechanisms, desorption from suspended sediments and diffusion from interstitial waters of bottom sediments, that may cause the elevated concentrations of dissolved U and PO43- in mid-salinity waters. Mixing experiments indicate that desorption seems more responsible for the elevated dissolved U concentrations, whereas diffusion influences more the enrichment of PO43-.

青藏高原3种植被类型净生态系统CO2交换量的比较

采用涡度相关观测技术系统, 于2003年7月1日～2004年6月30日对青藏高原高寒草甸3种植被类型(矮嵩草草甸、金露梅灌丛草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸)生态系统CO2通量进行观测和分析. 结果表明, 嵩草草甸、灌丛草甸和沼泽化草甸CO2最大吸收率分别为16.78, 10.42和16.57 mmol/m2•s; 最大CO2排放率分别为8.22, 7.73和18.67 mmol/m2•s; 嵩草草甸和灌丛草甸一年从大气中分别吸收CO2 282和53 g/m2, 而沼泽草甸一年向大气排放CO2 478 g/m2. 证明青藏高原嵩草草甸和灌丛草甸比C4草原和一些低海拔草原和森林具有一个较低CO2吸收和排放量潜能, 而沼泽化草甸具有一个较高的排放潜能, 揭示了青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统不同植被类型的碳源/汇的明显差异, 主要是由植物光合能力不同和土壤呼吸差异引起的.