太平湖水库的底栖动物

研究了太平湖水库底栖动物群落组成（1992－1993年），定量样品中共出现26种（属），主要是寡毛类和摇蚊科幼虫，软体动物只有1种。现存量有明显的季节差异。本次调查结果与1985－1986年的资料比较，种类数减少，现存量显著增加，生物量由0．562g／m2增加到3．90g／m2。生物多样性指数偏低。底栖动物的参数与环境因素进行了相关分析，寡毛类的密度和生物量与总氮、总磷正相关，水生昆虫的密度和生物量与水深负相关显著。对底栖动物资源的渔业合理利用进行探讨。

叶绿体陪伴蛋白在几种藻类中的存在和分布

用豌豆叶绿体陪伴蛋白（ｃｈ－ｃｐｎ６０）的杭体对衣藻和多种蓝藻细胞提取液作Ｗｅｓｔ－ｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析表明：真核的衣藻和原核的有异形胞丝状蓝藻的一种鱼腥藻中存在一种与豌豆ｃｈ－ｃｐｎ６０抗体有交叉反应的蛋白，其一个亚基的分子量与豌豆该蛋白的分子量相似，而另一亚基的分子量高于豌豆的β亚基分子量。绿藻和丝状蓝藻中这一蛋白在热处理后含量增加，而经－２０℃冷处理１２ｈ后含量明显下降。在单细胞蓝藻中则检测不到这种蛋白。

白鱀豚饲养的研究

饲养池水使用自来水是切实可行的。水温在冬季不低于4℃,夏季不超过33℃。白暨豚以淡水鱼类为食,其日食量一般占体重的10—11%,炎夏减到8—9%,寒冬可增到12%。豢养四年的淇淇,其体长和体重增长的关系式为:y=-237.4+2.2x。饲养的关键有二:一是水质,经常洗池换水以保持水质清洁;二是食物,饲料鱼要挑选健康、新鲜,无污染的鱼类,喂前进行消毒,每天还要给以维生素类药品,以作营养补充。

杭州西湖水生植被恢复的途径与水质净化问题

<正> 我国著名的风景湖泊——杭州西湖、南京玄武湖、北京昆明湖、武汉东湖和昆明滇池等,由于人类经济活动的影响,特别是由于生活污水的大量排人和渔业生产的影响,致使湖泊富营养化问题越来越严重,不仅降低了旅游价值,而且有害于沿湖居民的生活和健康,因此引起人们的极大关注。杭州西湖富营养化程度相当严重,尽管在五十年代采取了挖泥疏浚的措施,

黑龙江流域的水生维管束植物

<正> 水体中水生维管束植物的种类组成及数量的多寡,对于渔业是有着密切关系的。有些主要的经济鱼类(如草鱼、鳊、鲤、鲫等)是以水生维管束植物作主要的食料,也有很多产粘着性卵的鱼类(如鲤、鲫、鲶等)要把卵产在水生植物上;一些高等水生植物的多寡也直接或间接地影响底棲生物和浮游生物的生长繁殖。另一方面,有些高等水生植物的大量繁殖,对于鱼类却有不良的影响。因此,调查了解流域中水生高等植物的种类和数量对于正确地估价水体生产力是有帮助的。

Bibliometric analysis of biological invasions research during the period of 1991 to 2007

The objective of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of all biological invasions-related publications in the Science Citation Index (SCI) from 1991 to 2007. The indicator citation per publication (CPP) was used to evaluate the impact of articles, journals, and institutions. In the 3323 articles published in 521 journals, 7261 authors from 1905 institutions of 100 countries participated. As the most productive country of biological invasions research, the US will benefit from more collaboration between institutions, countries, and continents. In addition, analysis of keywords was applied to reveal research trends.

The first study on the effects of microcystin-RR on gene expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein-70 in Synechocystis sp PCC6803

Microcystins are heptapeptide toxins produced by cyanobacteria. Microcystin-RR(MC-RR) is a common variant among the 80 variants identified so far. There have been many investigations documenting the toxic effects of microcystins on animals and higher plants, but little is known on the toxic effects of microcystins on algae, especially at molecular level. We studied the effects of MC-RR on gene expression profile of a few antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. After two days post-exposure, a high dose toxin (5 mg/l, about 4.8 x 10(-3) mM) significantly increased expression levels of the genes gpx1, sodB, katG, acnB, gamma-TMTand dnaK2, while a relatively low dose toxin (1 mg/l, about 9.63 x 10(-4) mM) induced a moderate and slow increase of gene expression. Our results indicate that MC-RR could induce the oxidative stress in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and the increase in gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and Hsp70 might protect the organism from the oxidative damage. in addition, cell aggregation was observed during the early period of exposure, which might be a specific oxidative stress reaction to MC-RR. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oligochaete assemblages associated with macrophytes in the Liangzi Lake District, China

The assemblage of oligochaetes in the Liangzi Lake District, located in middle reaches of the Changjiang River, was studied from May to August, 2001. To establish species composition, richness, and abundance and detect the influence of environmental variables on oligochaete distributional patterns, 45 localities were sampled. All total, 20 species belonging to the families Naididae (eight species), Tubificidae (11 species), and Lumbriculidae (one species) were found. Branchiura sowerbyi, Tubifex sp. 1, and Aulodrilus pluriseta were the dominant species and contributed nearly 70% of the total abundance. The 45 sampling sites were separated into three groups based on composition and relative abundance of benthic oligochaete communities using two-way indictor species analysis associated with detrended correspondence analysis. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that two plant variables (total plant cover and total submersed macrophyte biomass) were strongly correlated with the faunal gradient (p < 0.05). Other predicator variables were water depth and total nitrogen.

Characterization and expression analysis of Paralichthys olivaceus voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) gene in response to virus infection

Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC, also known as mitochondrial porin) is acknowledged to play an important role in stress-induced mammalian apoptosis. In this study, Paralichthys olivaceus VDAC (PoVDAC) gene was identified as a virally induced gene from Scophthalmus Maximus Rhabdovirus (SMRV)-infected flounder embryonic cells (FEC). The full length of PoVDAC cDNA is 1380 bp with an open reading frame of 852 bp encoding a 283 amino acid protein. The deduced PoVDAC contains one alpha-helix, 13 transmembrane beta-strands and one eukaryotic mitochondrial porin signature motif. Constitutive expression of PoVDAC was confirmed in all tested tissues by real-time PCR. Further expression analysis revealed PoVDAC mRNA was upregulated by viral infection. We prepared fish antiserum against recombinant VDAC proteins and detected the PoVDAC in heart lysates from flounder as a 32 kDa band on western blot. Overexpression of PoVDAC in fish cells induced apoptosis. Immunofluoresence localization indicated that the significant distribution changes of PoVDAC have occurred in virus-induced apoptotic cells. This is the first report on the inductive expression of VDAC by viral infection, suggesting that PoVDAC might be mediated flounder antiviral immune response through induction of apoptosis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic relationships among Trichodinidae (Ciliophora : Peritricha) derived from the characteristic values of denticles

The phylogenetic relationships among trichodinids remain obscure. As an important diagnostic marker, the morphology of the denticles in the adhesive disc as well as the adoral spiral has been widely used in generic discrimination and species identification of trichodinids. We studied the characters of denticles of the ten genera of Trichodinidae and the sole genus Urceolaria of Urceolariidae by using a quantitative method. The characteristic values were used to generate Manhattan distance, on which the dendrogram was based to construct with the Unweighted Paired Group Method using the Arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The investigations show that all the genera of the family Trichodinidae were clearly separate from the outgroup Urceolaria, and within the Trichodinidae: (i) Dipartiella grouped with Trichodinella and Tripartiella and lay in the closest position to the outgroup with a low dissimilarity, suggesting Dipartiella might be the most primitive genus in the family; (ii) Hemitrichodina clustered in a single clad and lay in the farthest position to the outgroup with the highest dissimilarity, indicating that it might be the most advanced genus; and (iii) the other 6 genera, Trichodina, Paratrichodina, Semitrichodina, Vauchomia, Pallitrichodina and Trichodoxa clustered in a big clad with very low dissimilarity, showing that they are closely related to each other. We discuss the evolutionary trend of the denticle and conclude that the denticles of the adhesive disc should be an apomorphic feature of the trichodinids and their changes could reflect the evolutionary tendencies of these ciliates.

Mortalities induced by the copepod Sinergasilus polycolpus in farmed silver and bighead carp in a reservoir

The frequency distributions of the parasitic copepod Sinergasilus polycolpus were examined in silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis during a disease outbreak of the 2 species of fish in a reservoir in China. The mean abundance of the copepod was positively related with host length and age, and the overdispersion of the copepod in both silver and bighead carp was fitted well with negative binomial distribution. Although parasite-induced host mortality was observed, a peaked age-parasite abundance curve was not detected in the present parasite-host system. It is also proposed that this peaked age-abundance curve is unlikely to be observed in its natural host populations.

Peak identification for PCDD/Fs in environmental samples at different temperature programs

A method has been developed for peak recognition of 136 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at different temperature programs. Their retention behaviours are predicted on the basis of an identification database of retention values (A, B) of gas chromatography. By the retention times of C-13 labelled 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F internal standards, the retentions of all PCDDs and PCDFs can be calculated. After comparison with the retentions of practical environmental samples, the predicted values have been proved to be very accurate. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The growth temperatures dependence of optical and electrical properties of InN films

InN films grown on sapphire at different substrate temperatures from 550 degrees C to 700 degrees C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. The low-temperature GaN nucleation layer with high-temperature annealing (1100 degrees C) was used as a buffer for main InN layer growth. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements reveal that the quality of InN films can be improved by increasing the growth temperature to 600 degrees C. Further high substrate temperatures may promote the thermal decomposition of InN films and result in poor crystallinity and surface morphology. The photoluminescence and Hall measurements were employed to characterize the optical and electrical properties of InN films, which also indicates strong growth temperature dependence. The InN films grown at temperature of 600 degrees C show not only a high mobility with low carrier concentration, but also a strong infrared emission band located around 0.7 eV. For a 600 nm thick InN film grown at 600 degrees C, the Hall mobility achieves up to 938 cm(2)/Vs with electron concentration of 3.9 x 10(18) cm(-3).

Surface plasmon modulated nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

We have fabricated surface plasmon modulated nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) from common 850 nm VCSELs using focus ion beam etching with Ga+ ion source. The far-field output power is about 0.3 mW at a driving current of 15 mA with a sub-wavelength aperture surrounded by concentric periodic grooves. The enhancement of transmission intensity can be explained by diffraction and enhanced fields associated with surface plasmon. This structure also exhibits beaming properties.

1.55-mu m Ridge DFB laser and electroabsorption modulator integrated with buried-ridge-stripe dual-waveguide spot-size converter output

A 1.55-mu m ridge distributed feedback laser and electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a buried-ridge-stripe dual-waveguide spot-size converter (SSC) at the output port for low-loss coupling to a cleaved single-mode optical fiber was fabricated by means of selective area growth, quantum-well intermixing, and dual-core technologies. These devices exhibit threshold current of 28 mA, 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 12.0 GHz, modulator extinction ratios of 25.0-dB dc. The output beam divergence angles of the SSC in the horizontal and vertical directions are as small as 8.0 degrees x 12.6 degrees, respectively, resulting in 3.2-dB coupling loss with a cleaved single-mode optical fiber.