Floating zone convection

The microgravity research, as a branch of the advanced sciences and a spe- cialized field of high technology, has been made in China since the late 1980's. The research group investigating microgravity fluid physics consisted of our col- leagues and the authors in the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and we pay special attention to the floating zone convection as our first research priority. Now, the research group has expanded and is a part of the National Microgravity Laboratory of the CAS, and the research fields have been extended to include more subjects related to microgravity science. Howev- er, the floating zone convection is still an important topic that greatly holds our research interests.

Visual C++ 6.0学习教程

MicrosoftVisualC十十6.0作为Microsoft Visual Studio的重要组成部分，包含了迄今为止功能最为强大的基于Windows的应用框架，在同类产品中处于领先地位。VisualC十十6.0是Microsoft迄今为止最全面、最完善的程序开发工具，为了适应各种编程风格，该软件提供了各种各样的辅助工具，在发挥编程能力和提高灵活性方面达到了空前的水平。与以往VisualC十十的各种版本相比较，VisualC十十6.0在编程环境、程序语言技术等方面做了许多改进，从而使VisualC十十更加适合专业程序员快速进行应用程序的开发。

本书内容丰富、图文并茂，是一本适合各种读者学习VisualC十十6.0的优秀参考书。

目 录
第一章 VisualC十十6.0简介及安装
1.1VisualC十十6.0新特性
1.2viSualC十十6.0开发环境简介
1.3如何学习使用VisualC十十6.0
1.4VisualC十十6.0的安装
第二章 走进C十十的世界
2.1类和对象的简介
2.2继承和多态性――一个具体的例子
2.3内嵌对象
2.4在栈中申请对象
2.5全程对象的申请
2.6对象之间的相互关系――指针数据成员
2.7this指针的使用
2.8对指针的引用
2.9友元类和友元函数
2.10静态类成员
2.11重载运算符
2.12从代码中分离出类定义
2.13匈牙利表示法
第三章 VisualC十十6.0的编程环境
3.1VisualC十十6.0主窗口
3.2VisualC十十6.0工具栏
3.3VisualC十十6.0菜单栏
3.4项目与项目工作区
3.5资源与资源编辑器
第四章 编一个最简单的VC十十程序
4.1什么是AppWizard？
4.2迎接你的第一个AppWizard程序
4.3“Iamaprogrammer.”在哪儿？
第五章 程序框架入门
5.1一个简化过的程序框架
5.2WinMain（）：第一个动作
5.3登记窗口类
5.4创建一个窗口
5.5显示窗口
5.6显示出那条消息
5.7窗口类与窗口对象
第六章 消息循环
6.1在消息循环中兜圈子
6.2对事件做出响应：WindowFun（）
6.3响应不同的消息
6.4现在你还跟得上吗？
6.5设备界面进行交互
第七章 精通程序框架
7.1WinMain（）函数在哪儿？
7.2应用程序框架和源文件
7.3工具条、状态条和打印等选项
7.4程序的控制流程
第八章 使用classWizard编程
8.1使用ClassWizard添加消息处理函数
8.2classWizard功能介绍
8.3传送鼠标消息
8.4保存鼠标绘图的信息
第九章 视图与文档
9.1Document－View模式
9.2从视图中分离出文档
9.3保存文档
9.4再访MyProg2.cpp
第十章 对象连接与嵌入（OLE）及其自动化
10.1公共对象模式（COM）
10.2类厂（classfactory）
10.3OLE自动化
10.4IDispatch接口
第十一章 动态连接库（DLLs）
11.1为什么使用DLL
11.2传统的DLL
11.3MFC库DLL
11.4MyProg4A――编写自己的类库扩展DLL
11.5MyProg4B――使用MFC库扩展DLL
11.6资源访问
第十二章 图形设备接口
12.1设备环境类
12.2GDI对象
12.3Windows的颜色映射
12.4映射方式
12.5字体
12.6MyProg3例程序
12.7MyProg3B程序
12.8MyPr0g3C例程序――使用CScrollView
第十三章 对话框
13.1在状态条上显示对话控件的帮助信息
13.2利用Fi1eOpen通用对话框打开多个文件
13.3定制通用文件对话框
13.4扩展和缩减一个对话框
13.5显示一个模式或无模式对话框
13.6编写定制的DDX/DDV例程
第十四章 剖析工具Spy十＋
14.1窗体
14.2消息
14.3进程与线程
第十五章 代码调试
15.1TRACE
15.2调试框架
15.3自我诊断
15.4调试代码的作用
15.5用Dump（）显示对象的信息
15.6检查内存

TeO2-Nb2O5-YF3玻璃系统的形成区及性质研究

制备了一种新型的氧卤碲酸盐玻璃：TeO2-Nb2O5-YF3,给出并研究了TeO2-Nb2O5-YF3三元系统的玻璃形成范围。测试了玻璃的密度、折射率、差热(DTA)、拉曼光谱、红外透射光谱以及紫外吸收光谱,通过光谱分析研究了组分含量的变化对玻璃结构及红外透射特性的影响。实验结果表明,TeO2-Nb2O5-YF3玻璃系统具有优良的成玻璃性能和热稳定性等特性,而且在2.8～3.3 μm区域内无明显的[OH]基团吸收,在中红外3～5 μm区域具有优良透射性能,因此在中红外透射方面具有潜在应用价值。

Investigation on nonradiative decay of the (Er3+I13/2)-I-4 -> I-4(15/2) transition in different tellurite glass matrix

Three kinds of Er3+-doped tellurite glasses with different hydroxyl groups are prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. Infrared spectra are measured to estimate the exact content of OH- groups in samples. The maximum phonon energy in glasses are obtained by measuring the Raman scattering spectra. The strength parameters Omega(t) (t = 2, 4, 6) for all the samples are calculated and compared. The nonradiative decay rate of the Er3+ I-4(13/2) -> I-4(15/2) transition are calculated for the glass samples with different phonon energy and OH- group contents. Finally, the effect of OH- groups on fluorescence decay rate of Er3+ is analysed, the constant KOH-Er Of TWN, TZPL and TZL glasses are calculated to be 9.2 x 10(-19) cm(4)s(-1), 5.9 x 10(-19) cm(4)s(-1), and 3.5 x 10(-19) cm(4)s(-1), respectively.

Property studies of optical waveguide formed by 6.0 MeV carbon ion implantation into Nd : silicate glass

Nd:silicate glass was implanted at room temperature by 6.0 MeV C3+ ions with a dose of 2.0 x 10(15) ions cm(-2). A waveguide with thickness of about 6.3 mu m was formed. The prism-coupling method was used to observe the dark modes of the waveguide at 633 nm and 1539 nm, respectively. There are three dark modes at 633 nm, of which one is the enhanced-index mode. The propagation loss of the enhanced-index mode in the waveguide measured at 633 nm is 0.42 dB cm(-1) after annealing at 217 degrees C for 35 min. The reflectivity calculation method was applied to simulate the refractive index profiles in the waveguide. The mode optical near-field output at 633 nm was presented.

Fabrication and spectral properties of Nd3+-doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramics

Transparent 1 at% Nd3+:Y1.9La0.1O3 ceramics were fabricated with nanopowders prepared by carbonate coprecipitation method. The powder compacts were sintered in H-2 atmosphere at 1550 degrees C for 30 h. The Nd3+:Y1.9La0.1O3 ceramics display uniform grains of about 50 mu m and high transparency. The highest transmittance of the ceramics reaches 67%. The strongest absorption peak is in the wavelength of 820 nm with absorption cross section of 2.48 x 10(-20) cm(2). The absorption is still high at LD wavelength 806 nm with absorption cross section of 1.78 x 10(-20) cm(2) and broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 6.3 nm. The strongest emission peak was centered at 1078 nm with large stimulated emission cross section of 9.63 x 10(-20) cm(2) and broad FWHM of about 7.8 nm. The broad absorption and emission bandwidth of Nd3+:y(1.9)La(0.1)O(3) transparent ceramics are favorable to achieve the miniaturized LD pumping apparatus and ultrashort modelocked pulse laser output, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

乳腺增生病p53基因第5外显子突变及其蛋白表达

目的 :探讨 p5 3基因在乳腺癌发生早期的作用。 方法 :用免疫组化方法检测 36例乳腺单纯性增生、31例不典型增生、14例原位癌和 16例浸润癌中 p5 3蛋白的表达 ,用PCR SSCP检测了上述组织中 p5 3基因第 5外显子突变。 结果 :p5 3蛋白在单纯性增生、不典型增生、导管内癌、浸润癌中的表达率分别为 0、2 2 6 % (7/ 31)、42 8% (6 / 14)、5 0 % (8/ 16 ) ,PCR SSCP在各组中均未检测到该基因第 5外显子突变。结论 :乳腺癌发生早期阶段有 p5 3基因的参与 ,但与第 5外显子突变无明显关系

中国株丙型肝炎病毒实验感染3种猕猴的初步结果

选用无各型肝炎病毒感染、体质良好的6只食蟹猴、3只恒河猴和3只熊猴,按人感染HCV的主要途径——输血,经静脉输注含HCV的中国献血员血浆,观察临床一般指标,血清ALT,抗HCV各种抗体和HCV-RNA,肝组织普通病理,超微病理。从肝组织中找病毒颗粒及免疫组化查HCV NS3抗原,观察14周,结果9例猕猴出现不同程度的肝炎症状,12例血清ALT升高,2例出现黄疸;5例抗HCVC22 IgG抗体阳性,4例抗HCV E2-24 IgG抗体阳性,10例抗HCV C33c IgG抗体阳性,2例抗HCVNS4-40 IgG抗体阳性,11例抗HCV NS5-A IgG抗体阳性,无1例抗HCVNS5-B IgG抗体阳性;9例HCV-RNA阳性。6例肝活检或肝小部切除作肝组织普通光镜镜检,5例肝细胞气球样变,点状坏死及少许纤维组织增生。另一例相应损害较重,呈碎片坏死,界板破坏,纤维组织增生明显,汇管区炎性细胞浸润,超微病理除普通炎症所具有的特征外,以滑面内质网大量增生扩张为其主要特征,3例从内质网里看到约30nm的类病毒颗粒。免疫组化显示3只动物肝组织内HCVNS3抗原阳性,以膜型为主少量周边型及散在胞浆内分布,因此我们认为已...

Vitrification of Yunnan Yellow Cattle oocytes: work in progress

The objective of this study was to provide a simple cryopreservation method for oocytes from Yunnan Yellow Cattle and facilitate preservation efforts in this native Chinese breed, which is threatened by agricultural modernization. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and matured in vitro for 22-24 h, then selected for cryopreservation. Vitrification in open pulled straws (OPS) or in microdrops on a cooled metal surface (solid surface vitrification, SSV) was compared. The OPS vitrification solution consisted of 20% ethylene glycol (EG) and 20% DMSO. The SSV solution was a mixture of 35% EG, 5% polyvinyl-pyrrolidon (PVP) and 0.4 M trehalose. Vitrified and warmed oocytes were either fertilized in vitro or parthenogenetically activated. The rates of cleavage and development to blastocysts of fertilized oocytes following OPS versus SSV were not statistically different (38.3 and 12.5% versus 35.8 and 6.0%, respectively). The corresponding rates of parthenogenetic development to blastocysts were also not different (8.2 versus 3.5%, respectively). Development to blastocysts of non-vitrified controls following fertilization was significantly higher than that of the vitrified oocytes (22.6%, P < 0.05). These results demonstrate for the first time, that although both OPS and SSV procedures reduced embryonic development, Yunnan Yellow Cattle oocytes are capable of developing to blastocysts following cryopreservation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

基于部分线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(mtCOI)DNA 序列的6种蝙蝠(翼手目:蝙蝠科)的分子系统进化关系

对贵州5种蝙蝠科蝙蝠的部分线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ DNA序列进行了测定,并结合从Genbank获得的爪哇伏翼的相应序列,以Pteropus dasymallus,P.scapulatus,Rousettus aegyptiacus为外群,运用贝叶斯法(Bayesian),最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood,ML)分析了这6种蝙蝠科蝙蝠的分子系统进化关系.结果表明:在贝叶斯,ML树中,这6种蝙蝠科的蝙蝠可分为3个分支:亚洲长翼蝠是第1个独立出来的分支;白腹管鼻蝠是继亚洲长翼蝠之后第2个分离出来的分支;第3个分支又分为两支,一支由大鼠耳蝠和小鼠耳蝠组成,另一支由南蝠和爪哇伏翼组成,支持将这4种蝙蝠同归于蝙蝠亚科的结论,从一定程度上否定了鼠耳蝠属和管鼻蝠亚科之间的姐妹类群关系,也不支持将鼠耳属提升为亚科.

利用3对引物鉴定产毒和非产毒微囊藻

根据微囊藻毒素合成酶基因簇序列 ,合成了 3对引物epF/mb1R ,mcF/teR ,mcF/umR ,通过全细胞PCR的方法检测了 19种不同来源微囊藻产毒的情况。 3种引物对 15株产毒微囊藻中均可扩增到预期大小的片段 ,测序结果证明这些片段是微囊藻毒素合成酶基因片段。PCR反应结果与HPLC分析所得到的结果有良好的对应性。在此基础上 ,初步确定了 3对引物检测产毒微囊藻对细胞浓度要求的下限。与其它引物相比 ,3对引物的特异性强 ,扩增条带大小适中 ,便于观察

Evaluation of estrogenic activities and mechanism of action of perfluorinated chemicals determined by vitellogenin induction in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes

Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are widely present in the environment, wildlife and humans. Recently, reports have suggested that PFCs may have endocrine-disrupting activities. In the present study, we have developed a non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to investigate estrogenic activities of selected PFCs using vitellogenin (VTG) induction in primary cultured hepatocytes of freshwater male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Cultured hepatocytes were exposed to various concentrations of perfluorooctanyl sulfonate (PFOS), pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-nonafluoro-1-hexanol (4:2 FTOH), 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctanol (6:2 FTOH) and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH) for 48h, while 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were used as positive controls. A dose-dependent induction of VTG was observed in E2-, 4-NP-, PFOS-, PFOA- and 6:2 FrOH-treated cells, whereas VTG levels remained unchanged in the 4:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH exposure groups at the concentrations tested. The estimated 48-h EC50 values for E2,4-NP, PFOS, PFOA and 6:2 FTOH were 4.7 x 10(-7), 7.1 x 10(-6), 1.5 x 10(-5), 2.9 x 10(-5) and 2.8 x 10(-5) M, respectively. In the time-course study, significant VTG induction took place at 24 h (E2), 6 It (4-NP), 48 It (PFOS), 48 It (PFOA), 72 It (4:2 FTOH), 12 h (6:2 FTOH), 72 h (8:2 FTOH), and increased further after 96 It of exposure. Co-exposure to binary mixtures of individual PFCs and E2 for 48 It significantly inhibited E2-induced hepatocellular VTG production in a dose-dependent manner except for 4:2 FTOH. The estimated 48-h IC50 (concentration of a compound that elicits 50% inhibition of maximally E2-induced VTG) values for PFOS, PFOA, 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH were 3.1 x 10(-7), 5.1 X 10(-7), 1.1 X 10(-6) and 7.5 x 10(-7) M, respectively. In order to further investigate the estrogenic mechanism of PFCs, the hepatocytes were co-exposed to binary mixtures of individual chemicals (E2,4-NP, PFOS, PFOA and 6:2 FTOH) and the known estrogen receptor inhibitor tamoxifen for 48 h; tamoxifen significantly inhibited the ability of these chemicals to stimulate vitellogenesis. The overall results demonstrated that PFOS, PFOA and FTOHs have estrogenic activities and that exposure to a combination of E2 and PFCs produced anti-estrogenic effects. The results of the estrogen receptor inhibition assay further suggested that the estrogenic effect of PFCs may be mediated by the estrogen receptor pathway in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) of bioavailable fraction in bottom mud by flow injection-atomic absorption spectroscopy

A rapid and sensitive method for separation and determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in bottom mud of lake by flow injection on-line preconcentrtion system and GFAAS was developed. The available Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were extracted by HOAc or EDTA + NH4 NO3 and adsorbed simultaneously by an anion and a cation resin microclummn and then eluted simultaneously by 2 mol/L NH4 NO3 + 0.05 mol/L ascorbate and 2 mol/L H2SO4, respectively. The elution was performed for 50 s after adsorption for 2 min, and the efficiencies of elution were 85.4% - 94.8% and 96.7% - 106% for Cr(VI) and Cr(M) respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.9 mu g/L and 2.7 mu g/L with relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 6.4% for the determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in sample, respectively.

First-principles study of p-type transparent conductive oxides CuXO2 (X=Y, Sc, and Al)

Using first-principles methods we have calculated electronic structures, optical properties, and hole conductivities of CuXO2 (X=Y, Sc, and Al). We show that the direct optical band gaps of CuYO2 and CuScO2 are approximately equal to their fundamental band gaps and the conduction bands of them are localized. The direct optical band gaps of CuXO2 (X=Y, Sc, and Al) are 3.3, 3.6, and 3.2 eV, respectively, which are consistent with experimental values of 3.5, 3.7, and 3.5 eV. We find that the hole mobility along long lattice c is higher than that along other directions through calculating effective masses of the three oxides. By analyzing band offset we find that CuScO2 has the highest valence band maximum (VBM) among CuXO2 (X=Y, Sc, and Al). In addition, the approximate transitivity of band offset suggests that CuScO2 has a higher VBM than CuGaO2 and CuInO2 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 066405 (2002)]. We conclude that CuScO2 has a higher p-type doping ability in terms of the doping limit rule. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2991157]

Determination of the tilt and twist angles of curved GaN layers by high-resolution x-ray diffraction

The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of an x-ray rocking curve (XRC) has been used as a parameter to determine the tilt and twist angles of GaN layers. Nevertheless, when the thickness of GaN epilayer reaches several microns, the peak broadening due to curvature becomes non-negligible. In this paper, using the (0 0 l), l = 2, 4, 6, XRC to minimize the effects of wafer curvature was studied systematically. Also the method to determine the tilt angle of a curved GaN layer was proposed while the Williamson-Hall plot was unsuitable. It was found that the (0 0 6) XRC-FWHM had a significant advantage for high-quality GaN layers with the radius curvature of r less than 3.5 m. Furthermore, an extrapolating method of gaining a reliable tilt angle has also been proposed, with which the calculated error can be improved by 10% for r < 2 m crystals compared with the (0 0 6) XRC-FWHM. In skew geometry, we have demonstrated that the twist angles deriving from the (2 0 4) XRC-FWHM are in accord with those from the grazing incidence in-plane diffraction (IP-GID) method for significantly curved samples.