钐与磷酸二甲酯配合物的合成和结构

合成了钐与磷酸二甲酯的配合物,该配合物的组成为Sm〔(CH_3O)_2PO_2〕_3,测定了该配合物的红外和拉曼光谱。x射线单晶衍射法测定配合物的晶体属单斜晶系,P2_(1/c)空间群,α=10.434(4)A,b=16.541(3)A,c=10.804(4)A,β=111.75(3)°,V=1731.7(9)A~3,Z=4。钐与6个氧原子配位,每2个相邻的钐原子通过双“O—P—O”桥相连接,形成奇特的“双桥24元环”的环套环网状结构。钐氧配位多面体为稍微扭曲的正八面体。

Breaking seasonal limitation: year-round sporogenesis in the brown alga Laminaria saccharina by blocking the transport of putative sporulation inhibitors

Year-round induction of sporogenesis of Laminaria saccharina was performed by mechanically blocking the transport of the putative sporulation inhibitors produced by the blade meristem and culturing the plants in constant short days. Sporogenesis was successfully induced by removal of the blade meristem, either by cultivating distal blade fragments or by performing a transverse cut in the frond. The earliest sorus formation after artificial induction was 10 days. The age of the sporophytes used for induction was 6-11 months or 2 years in tank-grown or field-collected sporophytes, respectively. Zoospores were successfully released in all cases. Thus, by year-round artificial induction of sporogenesis, (1) sporeling production of L. saccharina and thereafter sporophyte cultivation could be achieved without seasonal limitation, and (2) the life cycle of L. saccharina (from spore to spore) could be completed within 8 months under controlled conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Large-scale isolation and purification of R-phycoerythrin from red alga Palmaria palmata using the expanded bed adsorption method

R-phycoerythrin, a light-harvesting protein in some marine algae, and can be widely used in medicine, was isolated and purified from a red alga, Palmaria palmata (Lannaeus) Kuntze, using the streamline column (expanded bed adsorption) combined with ion-exchange chromatography. Because the crude extract was applied to the column upwardly, the column would not be blocked by polysaccharides usually very abundant in the extract of marine alga, this kind of blockage could hardly lie overcome in ordinary chromatographic column. After applying the crude extract containing 0.5 mol/L (NH4)(2)SO4, (NH4)(2)SO4 solution of different concentrations (0.2 mol/L, 0.1 mol/L and 0.05 mol/L) was used to elute the column downwardly and the eluates were collected and desalted. The desalted eluates were then applied onto all ion-exchange chromatographic column loaded with Q-sepharose for further purification of the R-phycoerythrin. Through these two steps, the purity (OD565/OD280) of the R-phycoerythrin from P. palmata was up to 3.5, more than 3.2, the commonly accepted criterion for purity, and the yield of the purified R-phycoerythrin could reach 0.122 mg/g of frozen P. palmata, much higher than that of phycobiliproteins purified with the previous methods. The result indicated that the cost of R-phycoerythrin will drop down with the method reported in this article.

Role of animal pole protuberance and microtubules during meiosis in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus oocytes

Fully grown oocytes of Apostichopus japonicus have a cytoplasmic protuberance where the oocyte attaches to the follicle. The protuberance and the oolamina located on the opposite side of the oocyte indicate the animal-vegetal axis. Two pre-meiotic centrosomes are anchored to the protuberance by microtubules between centrosomes and protuberance. After meiosis reinitiation induced by DTT solution, the germinal vesicle (GV) migrates towards the protuberance. The GV breaks down after it migrates to the oocyte membrane on the protuberance side. The protuberance then contracts back into the oocyte and the first polar body extrudes from the site of the former protuberance. The second polar body forms beneath the first. Thus the oocyte protuberance indicates the presumptive animal pole well before maturation of the oocyte.

A moored underwater energy conservation system for profiling measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current, wave, temperature and so on in the South China Sea. A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships, is under development to acquire data from this area. This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system. It incorporates a small, instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation. On a pre-set schedule, the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no strip passing by, which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar. And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming. Since, because Of logistics, the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired, energy demands are severe. To respond to these concerns, the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down. Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode, it is advanced and economical. At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.

黄芪种质资源研究进展

从引种栽培、种类资源、育种和种内变异、野生资源恢复以及组织培养、毛状根培养等方面综述了黄芪种质资源的研究进展.建议在黄芪引种栽培过程中要多借鉴成功的经验,并加强防止栽培黄芪混杂退化的工作力度.

Experimental warming, not grazing, decreases rangeland quality on the Tibetan Plateau

We investigated experimental warming and simulated grazing ( clipping) effects on rangeland quality, as indicated by vegetation production and nutritive quality, in winter-grazed meadows and summer- grazed shrublands on the Tibetan Plateau, a rangeland system experiencing climatic and pastoral land use changes. Warming decreased total aboveground net primary productivity ( ANPP) by 40 g . m(-2) . yr(-1) at the meadow habitats and decreased palatable ANPP ( total ANPP minus non- palatable forb ANPP) by 10 g . m(-2) . yr(-1) at both habitats. The decreased production of the medicinal forb Gentiana straminea and the increased production of the non- palatable forb Stellera chamaejasme with warming also reduced rangeland quality. At the shrubland habitats, warming resulted in less digestible shrubs, whose foliage contains 25% digestible dry matter ( DDM), replacing more digestible graminoids, whose foliage contains 60% DDM. This shift from graminoids to shrubs not only results in lower- quality forage, but could also have important consequences for future domestic herd composition. Although warming extended the growing season in non- clipped plots, the reduced rangeland quality due to decreased vegetative production and nutritive quality will likely overwhelm the improved rangeland quality associated with an extended growing season.Grazing maintained or improved rangeland quality by increasing total ANPP by 20 - 40 g . m(-2) . yr(-1) with no effect on palatable ANPP. Grazing effects on forage nutritive quality, as measured by foliar nitrogen and carbon content and by shifts in plant group ANPP, resulted in improved forage quality. Grazing extended the growing season at both habitats, and it advanced the growing season at the meadows. Synergistic interactions between warming and grazing were present, such that grazing mediated the warming- induced declines in vegetation production and nutritive quality. Moreover, combined treatment effects were nonadditive, suggesting that we cannot predict the combined effect of global changes and human activities from single- factor studies.Our findings suggest that the rangelands on the Tibetan Plateau, and the pastoralists who depend on them, may be vulnerable to future climate changes. Grazing can mitigate the negative warming effects on rangeland quality. For example, grazing management may be an important tool to keep warming- induced shrub expansion in check. Moreover, flexible and opportunistic grazing management will be required in a warmer future.

冰芯记录所显示的天山地区的大气污染

通常情况下,人为污染会造成大气环境的酸化,最终导致形成酸雨.人为污染主要是化石燃料燃烧造成的大气污染.一般认为远离人类活动的偏远地区没有或很少受到人为的污染,它们的大气化学组成可以作为大气化学的本底;通过与本底的对比研究,可以顺利评估人类对大气环境的污染程度.天山是一个远离人类居住的偏远地区.人类对大气的污染是否影响到该区尚颇有争议.为回答这一问题,我们选择天山山地冰川的冰芯为研究对象,利用冰冻环境有效地保存大气有机物质记录的特点,从大气化学组成变化历史的角度,探讨人类活动对大气化学的影响.我们利用DX-300离子色谱分析了天山一号冰川14.08 m冰芯的有机酸和硫酸等含量.结果显示,乙酸是冰芯中含量最高的化学组分,平均含量为389.4±336.3 ng/g(n=489),甲酸平均含量为61.1±89.0 ng/g(n=541).甲酸/乙酸平均值为0.21士0.23,显示了人类污.染来源的特征.虽然两种主要有机酸的平均含量差异很大,但在过去43 a中它们的含量变化特征相同,且与pH的变化同步,这表明人为活动对该地区大气的污染并没有造成环境的酸化,而是碱化.研究表明,利用远离人类居住地区大气化学组成作为大气的本底对大气污染程度进行评估应持谨慎态度.

龙门山中段推覆体内流体包裹体特征

采用流体包裹体研究和地质研究相结合的方法，研究了龙门山茂汶推覆体和彭灌推覆体内流体特征，讨论了盆山间流体的温度，盐度变化规律和流体可能的流动方向。研究表明推覆体内流体的均一温度为101．9－226℃，压力为13．5－18．0MPa，密度为0．91－1．14g/cm^3。从茂汶推覆体至彭灌推覆体，流体的盐度具有增高、温度总体有降低特征；靠近造山带一侧的盆地内流体，其盐度和温度明显低于造山带内推覆体中的流体。在推覆体内部，从推覆体前锋到主滑面流体的均一温度逐渐降低。断层是流体运移的主要通道，盆山间流体有运移和热交换，盆地流体有可能通过滑动面被带入造山带内部.