Light-emitting-diode-induced fluorescence detector for capillary electrophoresis using optical fiber with spherical end

A simple fluorescence detector for capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a blue light-emitting-diode (LED) as excitation source is constructed and evaluated. An optical fiber was used to collect the fluorescence, and a flat end of the fiber was modified to spherical end, resulting in 50% increase of efficiency over the flat end. A simple device for optical alignment of the fibers and capillary column was designed. The concentration and mass detection limits for fluorescein were 1.8 x 10(-7) Mol l(-1) and 4.3 femol, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

腐植酸复合肥在春小麦上的增产效果

<正> 目前,对化学肥料进行二次加工,发展多元复合专用肥料,是世界肥料发展的大趋势,根据FAO(联合国粮农组织)肥料年鉴的统计数字,1989年、1990年度世界发达国家以复混肥料形态的N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别占肥料消费施用总量的20.4％-87.8％、79.2％-98.3％和36.5％-99.6％,而1992年,我国复混肥料施用量占化肥总量的15.8％,尚低于世界平均水平,而且主要是依赖进口。针对上述情况以及三江平原岗平地白浆土“板、瘦、硬”的具体特点,八五二农场天华腐植酸

试论黄土高原的生态环境与“土壤水库” ──重塑黄土地的理论依据

值今西部开发如火如荼之际，黄土高原生态环境的重建又在全国生态环境建设总体 布局中被列为最严峻的问题来对待。可见谋求一个为各家共识的治黄对策已刻不容缓。笔者 愿就５０年来的研究所得，对黄土高原的形成及其演变规律和“土壤水库”确是其中关键等问题 的机理作一比较系统的介绍，以广求共识和加强各家协作共事，从而使“顺天时，得地利，促人 和”的“黄土高原国土整治２８字方略”能够顺利有序地实施。一个山川秀美、举世无双的黄土 高原可望在下个世纪初重现于中国大陆。

浅论实现基于MapX的灌溉信息系统的关键技术

现代化的灌溉用水管理是实现农业高效用水的重要措施之一,它可实现灌溉水资源的合理配置和灌溉系统的优化调度,达到节水增产目的,使有限的水资源获得最大的效益。采用手工方式进行灌溉用水管理,难以及时提供水资源利用最优化方案,因此急需研制出具有网络通信功能的可视化操作界面的灌溉信息管理系统,为灌区水资源评价和利用、规划等工作奠定良好的数据基础。GIS不仅具有强大的空间数据管理功能,还具有丰富的多元地学数据分析处理能力和直观的图形显示效果,因此利用GIS进行灌区的管理与建设将会有效提高灌区的工作效率和经济效益。笔者在实践调研的基础上,根据灌溉信息管理系统的功能规划及结构设计,利用MapX组件工具开发了陕西省冯家山灌区灌溉信息系统,对提高灌溉用水的管理效率进行了实例尝试,并着重对下列关键技术的运用进行了实践与思考:(1)阐述了利用可视化编程工具结合数据库管理技术、地理信息系统组件技术、网络通信技术等进行系统开发的过程;(2)着重介绍了基于MapX组件的空间数据库的建立与关联技术、灌溉管理信息的网络通信实现技术;(3)最后对在灌溉管理工作中运用GIS技术进行科学管理等相关问题进行了有益的探讨。

Fabrication, thermal stability and mechanical properties of novel (W0.5Al0.5)C-0.8-Co composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot-pressing sintering

A novel cemented carbides (W0.5Al0.5)C-0.8-Co with different cobalt contents were prepared by mechanical alloying and hot-pressing technique. Hot-pressing technique as a common technique was performed to fabricate the bulk bodies of the hard alloys. The novel cemented carbides have superior mechanical properties compared to WC-Co. The density, operating cost of the novel material were much lower than WC-Co. There is almost no eta-phase in the (W0.5Al0.5)C-0.8-Co cemented carbides system although the carbon deficient get the value of 20%, and successfully got the nanostructured rounded (W0.5Al0.5)C-0.8 particles.

Novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers bearing carboxylic or benzimidazole pendant groups for proton exchange membranes

A novel strategy in which the benzimidazole group and sulfonic group are simultaneously attached to an aromatic polymer has been reported in this paper. For this purpose, sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers containing carboxylic acid groups (SPAEK-x-COOH, x refers to the molar percentage Of sulfonated repeating units) are prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of sodium 5,5'-carbonyl-bis(2-fluobenzene-sulfonate) (SDFBP), 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (DFBP) and phenolphthalin (PPL). Then the carboxylic acid groups attached to the SPAEK-x-COOH are transformed to benzimidazole units through condensation reactions (referred to as SPAEK-x-BI). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and H-1 NMR measurements are used to characterize and confirm the structures of these copolymers.

草乌中乌头类生物碱提取方法比较研究

目的优化草乌中乌头类生物碱提取方法,比较草乌、附子生品及市售炮制品中乌头类生物碱的含量,为相关中药中生物碱的测定和临床应用提供参考。方法分别用7种提取方法提取附子中乌头类生物碱,比较各方法对3种双酯型生物碱的提取效率,并测定乌头类生药及其炮制品中乌头类生物碱含量。结果10%氨水乙醚冷浸法对3种双酯型生物碱的提取效率最高。炮制品中的乌头类生物碱含量明显低于生药,各种炮制品中乌头类生物碱的含量差别也比较大。结论采用10%氨水乙醚冷浸法,高效液相色谱-紫外光谱(HPLC-UV)法对药材中乌头类生物碱进行提取和含量测定,能真实反映药材中药效和毒性成分。不同的炮制品中各生物碱含量差别较大,临床应用应有差别。

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of silver-gold bimetallic nanostructures with hollow interiors

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of silver-gold bimetallic nanostructures (a mean diameter of similar to 100 nm) with hollow interiors was checked using p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) as a probe molecule at both visible light (514.5 nm) and near-infrared (1064 nm) excitation. Evident Raman peaks of p-ATP were clearly observed, indicating the enhancement Raman scattering activity of the hollow nanostructure to p-ATP. The enhancement factors (EF) at the hollow nanostructures were obtained to be as large as (0.8 +/- 0.3)x10(6) and (2.7 +/- 0.5)x10(8) for 7a and 19b (b(2)) vibration mode, respectively, which was 30-40 times larger than that at silver nanoparticles with solid interiors at 514.5 nm excitation. EF values were also obtained at 1064 nm excitation for 7a and b(2)-type vibration mode, which were estimated to be as large as (1.0 +/- 0.3)x10(6) and (0.9 +/- 0.2)x10(7), respectively. The additional EF values by a factor of similar to 10 for b(2)-type band were assumed to be due to the chemical effect. Large electromagnetic EF values were presumed to derive from a strong localized plasmas electromagnetic field existed at the hollow nanostructures.

Formation of conducting layers on excimer-laser-irradiated polyimide film surfaces

Conducting layers on KrF excimer-laser-irradiated polyimide film surfaces were investigated by XPS, SEM and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-Raman spectroscopy, Analysis of polyimide residue after laser irradiation provided valuable insight into the nature of the formation of conducting layers. The subtle different between KrF laser irradiation and the pyrolysis of polyimide was found by comparison of the formation process of conducting layers. A physical picture was presented to describe better the formation of conducting layers. Under KrF laser irradiation, polyimide films underwent thermal decomposition assisted by photoinduced direct bond breaking. Polycrystalline graphite was subsequently formed as the product of the secondary addition reaction of carbon-enriched clusters, Such reaction was supported by the remaining energy on the irradiated polyimide film surface. This result shows that the thermal process played an important role that was not just restricted to the formation of conducting layers, Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

一种催化甲状腺素脱碘的抗体酶

目的　模拟生物体内一族重要的含硒酶 甲状腺素脱碘酶 ,制备催化甲状腺素脱碘的含硒抗体酶。方法用杂交瘤技术制备出抗甲状腺素的单克隆抗体 4C5 ,再用化学修饰法将催化基团硒代半胱氨酸引入到抗体的抗原结合部位 ,得到含硒抗体酶Se 4C5 ;通过RIA方法测定抗体酶活力。结果　抗体酶Se 4C5有明显的催化甲状腺素脱碘活性 ,其Vmax为 2 70pmol·min- 1 ·mg- 1 (protein) ;催化反应速率与底物浓度的双倒数图为一组平行线 ;对底物甲状腺素的特异性高于天然酶 ;6 丙基 2 硫代尿嘧啶对其活力起抑制作用 ,是二硫苏糖醇 (DTT)的竞争性抑制剂。结论　首次制备出有天然脱碘酶活性的抗体酶 ,催化机制属于双底物乒乓反应机制

Studies on extraction and mass transfer of samarium and neodymium in hollow fiber membrane (HFM) with HEH/EHP

The membranes of polyvinylidene fluoride, which were synthesized by our laboratory, were used to study the transfer and extraction performances of Nd(III) and Sm(III) with the extraction system of HEH/EHP-kerosene. The results show that the membrane material was suitable to the study on membrane extraction, and could offer a good transfer performance in the membrane construction parameters selected, The extraction reaction in the membrane module was the same as that in liquid-liquid process, HEH/EHP ammoniated for increasing the mass transfer coefficient was almost the same with increasing the concentration of HEH/EHP, and H+ was still transferred first at higher pH range of feed solution when HEH/EHP was ammoniated, The controlling model of the membrane extraction process was the diffusion model accompanied by interfacial reaction, The controlling function of interfacial reaction would increase gradually with the increasing of the membrane pore size. The mass transfer coefficient increased when extraction and stripping were carried out simultaneously.