The genetic analysis and germplasm identification of the gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae) with RAPD method

Eleven pairs of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar gametophytes were identified with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. After screening 100 primers, 20 ten-base primers were determined for the RAPD analysis. A total of 312 polymorphic loci were obtained, of which 97.7% were polymorphic. The primer S198 was found to distinguish all the selected Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes. The genetic distances between each two of the twenty-two U. pinnatifida gametophytes ranged from 0.080 to 0.428, while the distances to the Laminaria was 0.497 on average. After reexamination, two sequences characterized amplification region (SCAR) markers were successfully converted, which could be applied to U. pinnatifida germplasm identification. All these results demonstrated the feasibility of applying RAPD markers to germplasm characterization and identification of U. pinnatifida gametophytes, and to provide a molecular basis for Undaria breeding.

The main phosphorous sources in the Changjiang estuary

Analysis using historical data on the phosphate sources in Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary show that phosphate was supplied equally from the east, south, west and north of the estuary. These sources include the Changjiang River, the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC), a cyclone-type eddy, and the 32A degrees N Upwelling, supplying different phosphates in different times, ways and intensities. The magnitude of their supplying phosphate concentration was related with the size in the order of the Changjiang River < the TWC < the 32A degrees N Upwelling < the cyclone-type eddy, and the duration of the supplying was: the Changjiang River > the TWC > the cyclone-type eddy > the 32A degrees N Upwelling. The four sources supplied a great deal of phosphate so that the phosphate concentration in the estuary was kept above 0.2 mu mol/L in previous years, satisfying the phytoplankton growth. The horizontal and vertical distribution of the phosphate concentration showed that near shallow marine areas at 122A degrees E/31A degrees N, the TWC in low nutrient concentration became an upwelling through sea bottom and brought up nutrients from sea bottom to marine surface. In addition, horizontal distribution of phosphate concentration was consistent with that of algae: Rhizosolenia robusta, Rhizosolenia calcaravis and Skeletonema, which showed that no matter during high water or low water of Changjiang River, these species brought by the TWC became predominant species. Therefore, the authors believe that the TWC flowed from south to north along the coast and played a role in deflecting the Changjiang River flow from the southern side.

Restructuring of a zooplankton community by perturbation from a wind-forced coastal jet

The impact of transient wind events on an established zooplankton community was observed during a, field survey in a, coastal region off northern Norway in May 2002. A transient wind event induced a coastal jet/filament intrusion of warm, saline water into our survey area where a semi-permanent eddy was present. There was an abrupt change in zooplankton community structure within 4-7 days of the wind event, with a change in the size structure, an increase in lower size classes less than 1 mm in equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) and a decrease in larger size classes greater than 1.5 mm in ESD. The slope of zooplankton biovolume spectra changed from -0.6 to -0.8, consistent with the size shifting towards smaller size classes. This study shows that even well established zooplankton communities are susceptible to restructuring during transient wind events, and in particular when wind forcing induces horizontal currents or filaments.

三江源区资源与生态环境现状及可持续发展

三江源区植被类型以高寒草甸、高寒灌丛草甸和高寒草原为主.植物区系特征为:植物种类较少,以温带科属为主,特有种、属种稀少.该区主要生态环境问题是:经营管理水平落后,超载过牧,鼠害猖獗,草地退化、沙化严重;水土流失严重,生态环境恶化;物种减少,生物多样性丢失.针对上述问题,通过加强天然草地资源的保护、优化家庭牧场生态结构及生产模式,建立稳产、高产的人工草地,逐步实现半舍饲和集约化生产.建立健全草地资源监测、预报和综合评价指标体系,开展不同生态类型退化草地植被恢复与重建技术体系研究与示范,实现三江源地区生态环境与社会经济的可持续发展.

用稳定性同位素技术确定高寒草甸生态系统中动物营养级模型

根据稳定性同位素技术原理建立了高寒草甸生态系统中动物的营养级模型(3)、(7)和(9)式.3个模型分别描述了每种食物资源对动物的贡献大小(PCV)、食物资源(Ai)占取食动物(P)的整个食物的比例(PAiP)、动物在高寒草甸生态系统中的营养级(TLc):PCVAi=(cos (ΔαPAi))/(ΖPAi)(3)PAiP=(PCVAi)/(∑I=1PCVAi)×%(7)TLc=1+ (αc-αTL1)/Δαcd(9)式中,ΔαPAi为捕食者P与食物Ai的取食角,ΖPAi为捕食向量与食物向量之间的欧氏距离,αc是消费者的向量角,αTL1是第一营级的向量角,利用系数Δαcd是消费者与食物向量角之差(为一常数).同时,给出了判断高寒草甸两个物种之间捕食或营养关系模型(Ζ_(S_1S_2)):当cos(Δα)/PCVmin≤Ζ_(S_1S_2)≤cos(Δα)/PCVmax时存在捕食关系,并为上下级营养关系;当Ζ_(S_1S_2)cos(Δα)/PCVmax时,不存在捕食关系,前式为同一营养级,后式为相隔一个至几个营养级.模型(9)式得到的结果与张晓爱等(1999)报道一致.

Geographic variation in the leaf essential oils of Juniperus sabina L. and J-sablina var. arenaria (E.H. Wilson) Farjon

The composition of the leaf oils from seven populations of J. sabina L., one population of Juniperus sabina var. arenaria (E. H. Wilson) Farjon were examined for their geographic variation. In addition, the leaf oils of J. chinensis L. and J. davurica Pall. were compared to J. sabina. Juniperus sabina var. arenarla, the sand loving juniper, oil was found to be very similar to that of J. davurica, Mongolia, and J. sabina, on sand dunes in Mongolia. This suggests that J. sabina var. arenaria might be conspecific with J. davurica. Farjon's move (2001) of J. sabina var. arenaria out of J. chinensis is supported. Considerable differentiation was found in populations of J. sabina from the Iberian peninsula. Cedrol, citronellol, safrole, trans-sabinyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and beta-thujone were found to be polymorphic in several populations.

基于事件的制造执行系统平台关键技术研究与实现

制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System，MES)是现代信息技术在车间管理中应用的体现，是位于上层的计划管理系统与底层的工业控制之间的面向车间生产的管理信息系统。本文从分析制造执行系统的技术现状与发展趋势入手，针对目前制造执行系统中存在的严重影响企业车间生产管理快速发展的瓶颈问题，提出了具有自主知识产权的制造执行系统平台，并研究了平台的若干关键技术。 制造执行系统平台的体系结构是整个系统的基础，只有充分考虑车间生产管理的具体情况，根据相应的理论才能搭建起整个平台的框架，才能更好地为企业信息化服务。针对当前制造执行系统通用性不强、实时性不高、开发成本过高等问题，提出了一种制造执行系统平台体系架构。 制造执行系统平台的过程建模技术是MES平台开发的一个重要环节，论文在分析了传统建模技术的基础上，参照实际生产的特点，提出了基于生产事件驱动的生产过程建模技术。构建了基于生产事件驱动的离散装配过程模型和混合加工过程模型，并通过实例验证了该模型能够实现对生产过程的优化与分析。 基础服务在MES平台系统后台运行，所有业务处理都是通过平台各个服务协作完成的。为了各个服务间协调工作，提出了基于工作流的基础服务运行机制。应用工作流技术建立起基础服务的模型，并确立其工作机制，为平台的稳定工作提供了有力的支持。 制造执行系统平台的对事件处理能力是平台的关键性能指标，针对这一问题，提出了并行生产事件调度算法。该平台属于软实时系统，在研究相应调度算法基础上，提出了基于抢占式优先级并行调度算法，并就最大执行时间(Worst Case Execution Time，WCET)的确定，提出了包含依赖输入的符号化WCET分析方法。 在研究了制造执行系统平台关键技术的基础上，实现了平台的设计与开发，并针对装配行业和烟草行业进行了应用。

云南墨江金矿床硅质岩沉积环境的地球化学探讨

墨江金矿床金厂组中下段硅质岩的形成与热水沉积作用有关，但中段受到正常化学沉积作用的影响。根据硅质岩的地球化学特征，初步讨论了硅质岩的沉积（构造）环境。硅质岩的δCe，稀土元素对Ce/La-La／Yn图解、δ^30Si和Sr/Ba值的特征表明它形成于海水较深的沉积环境。根据硅质岩MnO/TiO2,Al/(Al+Fe),(La/Ce)N,δCe和（La/Yb)N的特征推测它形成于大陆边缘－远洋盆地过渡位置。结合岩石组合、地球化学特 征和同位素年代学，认为墨江金矿床硅质岩的沉积环境可能为晚泥盆世后期扬子地块被动大陆边缘快速裂陷的深海槽盆，它不是哀牢山蛇绿岩套“三位一体” 中的一部分。

基性-超基性岩浆成岩和成矿过程中Soret效应的研究进展

综述了当前对基性-超基性岩床和层状岩体的边缘反转现象的传统解释模型，包括围岩混染、岩浆多期注入、岩浆分层、过冷却、晶体沉降、流动分异、结晶和成分对流以及逐渐减少的颗粒间熔体量。详细论述了这些模型的优缺点，认为Soret效应是目前对边缘反转现象比较合适的解释，讨论了中国峨眉山大火成岩省朱布岩体的Soret成矿现象.