聚芳醚酮大环化合物的核磁共振谱解析

利用一维NMR方法研究了新型聚芳醚酮大环化合物的结构。用二维同核1H-1HCOSY和13C-1HCOSY实验方法以及类似物质标准谱图的比较，对一维NMR谱峰进行了归属。

皖南尖吻蝮蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒出血毒素Ⅲ(AaHⅢ)的荧光淬灭研究

研究了几种淬灭剂对皖南尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒出血毒素Ⅲ（ＡａＨⅢ）内源荧光的影响。溴代琥珀酰亚胺（ＮＢＳ）法测得每个ＡａＨⅢ分子中含有３个色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基。实验得到丙烯酰胺（Ａｃｒ）和Ｉ－的碰撞淬灭常数Ｋｓｖ分别为３８．３和４．２７Ｌ／ｍｏｌ，ｆａ分别为０．９６和０．９９，Ａｃｒ和Ｉ－均可以淬灭ＡａＨⅢ分子中几乎全部Ｔｒｐ残基的荧光，初步验证Ａｃｒ与ＡａＨⅢ分子间无明显的相互作用。利用荧光淬灭方法，结合ＡａＨⅢ的荧光发射光谱可以推断，ＡａＨⅢ中的Ｔｒｐ残基较大程度位于分子表面的亲水区。

THE USE OF LIGHT-MICROSCOPY FOR INVESTIGATIONS OF EPITAXIAL-GROWTH OF POLYMERS ON POLYMERIC SUBSTRATES

In order to study the oriented (epitaxial) crystallization of thermoplastic polymers on oriented polymer substrates, generally the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used. With this instrument, the crystallized material can easily be resolved and orientation relationships can be monitored by electron diffraction. Disadvantages are the time consuming sample preparations and difficulties in the in-situ observations of the crystallization events, because of the radiation sensitivity of the polymer crystals. It is demonstrated that these disadvantages of the TEM can be eleminated by the use of different methods of light optical contrasts under specific preparation conditions of the samples and that the optical microscopy being a supplementary method to the TEM for investigations of epitaxial crystallization.

1,2-聚丁二烯~(13)C-NMR弛豫的溶剂效应

本文测定了一系列具有不同微观结构的1,2-聚丁二烯样品在四种溶剂的50.3MHz ~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T_1)和核Overhauser效应(NOE)值。并用Schaefer logx~2相关时间分布模型对实验数据进行了拟合。研究了1,2-聚丁二烯在溶液中的~(13)C-NMR弛豫的溶剂效应及其与结构的关系。发现聚合物与溶剂的溶解度参数之差△δ越大,聚合物在溶液中协同链段运动趋向越明显,~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫速率(1/T_1)越大;1,2-链节较少,分子链较柔顺时,~(13)C-NMR弛豫受溶剂影响较显著。NMR弛豫参数对结构变化的反应在良溶剂中比在不良溶剂中敏感。

The expression of AmphiTCTP, a TCTP orthologous gene in amphioxus related to the development of notochord and somites

The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is highly conserved and has been widely found in eukaryotic organisms. Here, we report the phylogenetic analysis and developmental expression of AmphiTCTP, a TCTP homologous gene in cephalochordate amphioxus. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the putative protein of AmphiTCTP is close to its vertebrate orthologs. The mRNA of AmphiTCTP is found in fertilized eggs, early cleavage embryo and most of the early developmental stages by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, but its expression is not detectable from late cleavage stage to mid-gastrula. The expression of AmphiTCTP in zygotes and early cleavage stages shows that AmphiTCTP may be a maternal gene. From the early neurula stage onward, AmphiTCTP transcript is localized in the presumptive notochord, presomitic mesoderm, and nascent somites. However, its expression is gradually down-regulated after the notochord and somites have been formed. The expression pattern of AmphiTCTP thus coincides with the differentiation of the notochord and somites, this suggests that AmphiTCTP may not be a housekeeping gene and may play an important role in mesoderm development. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparative researches on effects of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate upon Lateolabrax japonicus biomarker system

Fish Lateolabrax japonicus were exposed to anion surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 1 mg/l, respectively, for 6, 12 and 18 d, with one control group. Liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined; brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and liver inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were also measured. The results of the study indicated that these parameters made different, sometimes, adverse responses to SDBS and SDS exposure, such as the activity of NOS can be inhibited by SDBS and induced by SDS, the different physico-chemical characteristics of SDBS and SDS should be responsible for their effects on enzyme activities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

野生与种植青海川西獐牙菜中矿物质元素含量特征

青海地道中藏药材川西獐牙菜人工种植试验初见成效.为了对比野生与种植青海川西獐牙菜中矿物质元素的变化,分别采集野生与种植青海川西獐牙菜种子采收前后的全植株,采用原子吸收光谱仪分析测定了其钾、钠、钙、镁等矿物质元素含量.结果表明,野生川西獐牙菜中,青海玉树较四川川西地区的钠、磷元素含量高,钙、钾、镁元素含量低.种植青海川西獐牙菜在成熟种子采收后较采收前钠、镁、钙、磷等显著增加,且种植青海川西獐牙菜与青海玉树地区野生川西獐牙菜中矿物质元素含量较为接近.

大鸨生长期能量代谢和蛋白质沉积量的初步研究

对不同日龄笼养大鸨(Otis tarda)的能量代谢和蛋白质沉积量进行研究.结果表明,50日龄、70日龄、300日龄和400日龄雄性大鸨的能量日摄入量分别为1 498.9 kJ、2 376.2 kJ、2 397.4 kJ和2 465.9 kJ;能量代谢率分别为82.3%、81.8%、81.8%和83.1%;蛋白质的日沉积量分别为5.8 g、13.4 g、15.8 g和13.5 g. 表3 参9

青藏高原特有植物祁连獐牙菜（龙胆科）的花综合征与虫媒传粉

雌雄异熟和异型花在一些被子植物中的共同存在被认为是一种有效避免两性花植物自交并促进异交的机制。本文报道青藏高原特有植物祁连獐牙菜Swertia przewalskii pissjauk.的花同时具有雌雄异熟和异型花这两种特征。在此基础上，我们详细观察了该植物访花昆虫的访花行为，主要探讨这种促进异花传粉的机制是否能完全避免株内异花传粉的自交。繁育系统试验证明祁连獐牙菜单花套袋不结实，说明雌雄异熟和异型花的花特征完全避免了单花的自花传粉，自然结实必须依赖昆虫传粉才能完成。然而，该植物却是高度自交亲和的，因为人工株内异花自交具有较高的种子结实率。每个植株在盛花期开放1-6朵，平均具有3朵开放的雄性期或者雌性期的花，二者的比例为2：1，在植株上的分布没有规律。我们观察到多种昆虫访问该植物的花，其中，克什米尔熊蜂Bumbuskeshimirensis Friese和蜜蜂如Apis mellifera L．是该植物最常见与最有效的传粉者。进一步的观察发现，这两类传粉昆虫对雌性阶段和雄性阶段的花的访问没有选择，但在一个植株上访花顺序的总体趋势是由下向上的。它们在同一植株上访花数超过1朵的访问比例约占37．1％。因此可以初步推断，祁连獐牙菜中异型花和雌雄异熟现象的共同存在并没有完全避免同株异花传粉导致的自交。结果支持两性花中的这种雌雄异熟和异型花现象可能在避免两性冲突上具有更为重要的功能。

贵州山区石灰土侵蚀及石漠化的地质原因分析

石灰土是广泛分布于亚热带喀斯特山区的一种非地带性土壤，近几十年来，位于西南喀斯特分布中心的贵州石灰土地区石漠化扩张速度明显加快，已经对该地区数千万群众的基本生存条件构成严重威胁。本文从地质学角度详细分析了这一地区石灰土土壤侵蚀和土地石漠化的形成原因，分析结果表明：石灰土本身的矿物学特征和基本理化性质较好，并不是造成土壤侵蚀和石漠化的主要原因。石灰土成土速率慢，土壤允许流失量小；作为土壤营养库的富含有机质和矿质养分的表土层一旦被剥蚀，土壤结构迅速退化，土壤侵蚀愈演愈烈；喀斯特独特的二元结构和地形地

云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩^40Ar-^39Ar定年和地球化学特征

云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩全部为云煌岩.两个样品的^40Ar/^39Ar定年结果分别为32.46±0.62Ma和32.01±0.60Ma,表明矿区煌斑岩为哀牢山断裂带新生代早期高钾岩浆活动的产物.在化学组成上,矿区煌斑岩具有高M值[100×Mg/（Mg＋Fe^2＋）]（67.42～86.35）、高ALK（K2O＋Na2O为7.01%～9.81%）、富钾（K2O/Na2O为1.66～2.64）、富大离子亲石元素（如Sr、Rb、Ba等）和LREE、明显的Ta、Nb、Ti负异常的特征.Sr-Nd同位素具有高（^87Sr/^86Sr）0比值（0.70625～0.70912）和低εNd（-5.22～-3.68）的特征,位于EM1和EM2地幔端元之间,有更靠近EM2的趋势.元素和同位素地球化学特征表明矿区煌斑岩的源区为交代富集地幔,进一步判别表明源岩处于尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩和石榴石相二辉橄榄岩的混合线上,以尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩为主.源区交代富集的矿物既有金云母,也有角闪石.岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石＋斜长石±磷灰石±铁钛氧化物的结晶分异.岩浆形成于大陆弧的构造背景,俯冲的陆壳和古特提斯洋壳对富集的源区均有贡献.白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩和哀牢山断裂带新生代早期其它高钾岩浆岩具有相近的年代、一致的地球化学特征,表明它们具有相似的源区,受控于相同的构造背景.