109 resultados para 448


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为了解青海省春小麦收割后田间堆放期间产量和品质的变化,选择近年育成的春小麦品种“高原205”(白粒,易穗发芽)、“高原115”(紫黑色小麦)、“高原448”(红粒)和“高原314”(白粒)以及曾为青海省主栽品种的“青春533”(红粒)为材料,收割后以农民常用的田间堆放方式进行堆放,每隔9d对其进行采样,测定产量、SDS沉淀值和降落数值的变化。结果表明,随着堆放时间的延长,收获产量逐步下降,平均产量从第1次采样(Od)时的504g/m^2减少到63d后的384g/m^2,收获产量平均值与取样时间直线回归F值为20.91,大于F0.01(6.90);SDS沉淀值变化较小,F值为0.90,小于F0.05(2.13);降落数值在取样时间点上差异极显著.F值等于46,72,大于F0.01(2.87)。高原205的降落数值一直呈现下降趋势,而高原448、高原115、高原314和青春533的变化是在O~18d间上升,然后下降。总体而言,田间堆放对收获产量和品质不利。

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经过两年牦牛放牧试验表明,夏季草场不同土壤层有机质、有机碳、全磷、全氮和速效磷的含量及0~20cm土壤层营养因子的平均含量与放牧率呈线性回归关系,速效氮含量与放牧率呈二次回归关系;冬季草场不同土壤层有机质、有机碳和全氮与放牧率呈线性回归关系,全磷、速效磷和速效氮的含量及0~20cm土壤层营养因子的平均含量与放牧率呈二次回归关系。随着放牧率的逐渐增加,夏季草场不同土壤深度速效氮含量也逐渐减小,当放牧率达到1.07、1.08和1.22头·hm-2时,0~5、5~10、10~20cm土壤速效氮含量依此达到最小;冬季草场不同土壤层全磷、速效磷和速效氮含量逐渐增加,当放牧率达到0.81、0.78和1.00头·hm-2,1.03、1.09和1.03头·hm-2,1.36、1.35和1.30头·hm-2时,0~5、5~10、10~20cm土壤层全磷、速效磷和速效氮含量分别依此达到最大。在夏季草场,0~20cm土壤层速效氮平均含量达到最小放牧率是1.07头·hm-2;冬季草场0~20cm土壤层全磷、速效磷和速效氮含量达到最大放牧率分别是0.90、0.83和1.21头·hm-2。

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通过国产画眉草亚族叶片表皮的解剖观察,结合外部形态,对该亚族内6个属的属间关系进行了分析.结果表明:羽穗草属应是国产画眉草亚族中最原始的类群,最高级的类群仍数细画眉草属,而其余4属即画眉草属、弯穗草属、尖稃草属和镰稃草属的演化水平居于两者之间;画眉草属和弯穗草属可能直接起源于原始的羽穗草属,而较高级的尖稃草属和镰稃草属又可能直接起源于较原始的画眉草属,并在镰稃草属的基础上进而派生了最进化的细画眉草属.整个研究结果既弥补了前人演化理论的不足,又为今后族进化的全面探讨提供了参考.

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广袤的草地、特有的高寒湿地以及丰富而有又独特的生物多样性是江河源区重要的自然生物资源.草地占江河源区总土地面积的84.53%,是源区畜牧业经济发展的基础,同时也是长江、黄河和澜沧江三大江河的源头区域,为江河中、下游地区生态环境稳定和经济持续发展提供无可替代的服务.江河源区是世界上海拔最高的高寒湿地主要分布区,湿地总面积达8 000 km2.江河源区独特的生态环境孕育了种类繁多的特有动、植物种类,源区约有哺乳动物、鸟类和鱼类133、249和219种,牧草植物、药用植物、食用植物和观赏植物约800、808、80和400种,是世界海拔最高的生物多样性集中分布区.然而,由于超载放牧、盲目采挖、盗猎等不合理的开发和利用以及气候变化等诸多因素的综合影响,江河源区草地生态系统退化、高寒湿地萎缩、生物多样性锐减等生态环境危机不断加剧.正确权衡江河源区自然生物资源的短期经济价值及其所拥有的巨大生态公益和潜在开发价值,科学决策,保护江河源区自然生物资源迫在眉睫.

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目的对比分析国家一类动物药塞隆骨和禁用传统中药材虎骨中的19种矿物质元素的含量.方法骨骼样品经灰化或消解处理后,采用原子吸收光谱法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法、催化极谱法等分析方法测定矿物质元素.结果两种动物骨骼中元素含量差异显著,塞隆骨11种元素高于虎骨,特别是Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se等生命活动必需微量元素塞隆骨极为显著地高于虎骨,而组成骨骼的主要成分Ca、P则为虎骨高于塞隆骨.矿物质元素在头骨、脊梁骨和腿骨中分布非常不平衡,多数元素以头骨中分布最为丰富,而5种常量元素Ca,P,Na,Mg,K的含量为腿骨>头骨>脊梁骨.骨骼中主要成分Ca和P的存在形式主要为羟磷灰石Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.结论塞隆骨骨骼中的矿物质元素与虎骨有可比性,必需微量元素塞隆骨明显优于虎骨.

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研究选用耐旱性强的“定西24”和“高原671”与耐旱性弱的“高原448”和“青春533”春小麦品种,在盆栽条件下比较了不同耐旱性品种在拔节后经不同程度水分胁迫后叶片的多种生理参数;叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量。结果表明:在土壤相对含水量75%、55%、40%和30%这4个等级上,这些生理指标均随土壤相对含水量的降低而下降,耐旱性强的品种降低慢,且降低幅度小。在水分胁迫下,4个品种叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量下降,证明此时光合器生理功能遭到破坏;在轻度水分胁迫下,耐旱性强的品种定西24和高原671叶片的类胡萝卜素含量上升;在严重水分胁迫下,4个品种的叶片类胡萝卜素含量明显下降,可能此时自由基积累超过了抗氧化剂的清除能力,从而使细胞受到损伤。根据本研究结果,可以将轻度水分胁迫下叶片类胡萝卜素含量升高作为春小麦品种耐旱性的选择指标之一。

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured in plant populations and plateau pikas to determine enrichment in stable isotopes of three alpine meadow ecosystems at different elevations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results indicated that stable carbon isotope signatures of plant populations at the three locations showed significant variations, delta C-13 of plant populations showed an enrichment of 0.86 parts per thousand per 1000 in over the linear proportion of the altitudinal response, while stable nitrogen isotopes showed no apparent difference. The stable nitrogen isotopes of plateau pikas became significantly isotopically heavier along altitudinal gradients and showed an enrichment of 3.17 parts per thousand/km. Stable carbon isotopes showed no significance, however, and the enrichment of 0.448 parts per thousand/km. delta C-13 and delta N-15 in plateau pikas were not significantly correlated. There appeared to be segregation between the metabolism of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of plateau pikas. Variances in metabolic rate at lower water availability and temperatures are presumed to be the main cause of enrichment of stable nitrogen isotopes along altitudinal gradients. Attention should be paid to construct trophic positions and to trace food chain information based oil an isotopic enrichment model.

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A pre-column derivatization method for the sensitive determination of amino acids and peptides using the tagging reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed. Identification of derivatives was carried out by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). The chromophore of 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) reagent was replaced by 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole functional group, which resulted in a sensitive fluorescence derivatizing reagent BCEOC. BCEOC can easily and quickly label peptides and amino acids. Derivatives are stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The derivatives showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z (M + H)(+) under electrospray ionization (ESI) positive-ion mode with an exception being Tyr detected at negative mode. The collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecular ion formed a product at m/z 246.2 corresponding to the cleavage of C-O bond of BCEOC molecule. Studies on derivatization demonstrate excellent derivative yields over the pH 9.0-10.0. Maximal yields close to 100% are observed with a 3-4-fold molar reagent excess. Derivatives exhibit strong fluorescence and extracted detzvatization solution with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (10:1, v/v) allows for the direct injection with no significant interference from the major fluorescent reagent degradation by-products, such as 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethanol (BDC-OH) (a major by-product), mono- 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl carbonate (BCEOC-OH) and bis-(1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl) carbonate (BCEOC)(2). In addition, the detection responses for BCEOC derivatives are compared to those obtained with previously synthesized 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) in our laboratory. The ratios AC(BCEOC)/AC(CEOC) = 2.05-6.51 for fluorescence responses are observed (here, AC is relative fluorescence response). Separation of the derivatized peptides and amino acids had been optimized on Hypersil BDS C-18 column. Detection limits were calculated from 1.0 pmol injection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and were 6.3 (Lys)-177.6 (His) fmol. The mean interday accuracy ranged from 92 to 106% for fluorescence detection with mean %CV < 7.5. The mean interday precision for all standards was < 10% of the expected concentration. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of > 0.9999. Good compositional data could be obtained from the analysis of derivatized protein hydrolysates containing as little as 50.5 ng of sample. Therefore, the facile BCEOC derivatization coupled with mass spectrometry allowed the development of a highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitative analysis of trace levels of amino acids and peptides from biological and natural environmental samples. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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硒学术界普遍认为《马可波罗游记》中记载的中国西部牲畜毒草中毒是人类历史上最早对“硒中毒”的描述,但至今没有可靠的科学依据。为了澄清这一历史科学问题,笔者对河西走廊草原牧区正在流行的牲畜中毒地方病进行了野外调查,分析了该区草原生态环境植物、土壤中硒的含量。结果表明:①棘豆植物是马可波罗记载的引起牲畜中毒的毒草;②棘豆植物根部土壤与世界平均土壤硒含量相近;③棘豆属毒草硒含量远低于能导致一般动物中毒的3mg/kg植物硒风险值。由此推断。引起(马可波罗游记〉中记载的中国西部肃州牲畜毒草中毒并非硒中毒,中毒的原因是棘豆植物中的生物碱成分苦马豆索(Swainsonine)。

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运用魔角旋转核磁共振结合红外光谱及X射线衍射等手段,研究了苏州高岭石的560-1600℃热转变产物,主要获得以下结论:(1)高岭石-偏高岭石-莫来石的转变系列的确存在结构上的连续性。其转变经历了几个阶段;脱羟阶段(400-600℃),偏高岭石阶段(600-800℃),相分离阶段(800-1100℃),莫来石阶段(1100-1600℃)。(2)莫来石形成过程没有出现Al2O3的大量分凝,但存在SiO2的分凝。(3)偏高岭石-莫来石转变过程的中间相为Al-Si尖晶石和准莫来石。(4)引起1000℃放热反应的主要因素是准莫来石的形成。

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以云蒙山变质核杂岩东侧的河防口低角度正断层为研究对象,通过矿物(黑云母)的变形特征和形成环境分析,获得了该断层带上的构造热演化环境:温度为780~860℃,压力约为7.3×10^8-8.6×10^8pa。提出云蒙山变质核杂岩的成因机制是,在区域伸展背景下,处于半固结状态的云蒙山花岗岩在东南侧卷入河防口-水峪伸展型韧性剪切带,使花岗岩发生中高温条件的韧性变形;之后,该韧性剪切带在隆升过程中不断向浅层次过渡,形成了一些浅层次的脆性伸展变形构造。

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闽东南沿海地处长乐-南澳构造带内,发育晚中生代以来的基性岩脉(岩群),其几何形态和产状记录着区域应力场活动。通过对漳浦赤湖和东山海边基性岩脉的几何形态和产状的分析,推测长乐-南澳带在白垩纪为左旋韧性剪切带,古新世转变成左行脆性剪切带。长乐-南澳带的左旋走滑活动,是由古太平洋板块朝NW斜向俯冲引起的。晚白垩世以来,闽东南应力场性质为剪切与拉张相互变换,指示地壳拉张不是连续的,而是分期次;晚白垩世以来大洋板块属于低应力型俯冲,拉张是东南部主构造.