112 resultados para 428


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The title compound, [C12H24O6][H3PMo12O40]. 22H(2)O, was synthesized by the self-assembly of 18-crown-6 (abbreviated as C12H24O6 or 18C6) and H3PMo12O40 in the mixed solvent of CH3OH and CH3CN, and was characterized by IR, H-1 NMR and Xray diffraction for the first time. Crystal data: Triclinic, P (1) over bar, a = 13.428(3) Angstrom, b = 13.557(3)A, c = 14.642(3) Angstrom, a = 105.39(3)degrees, beta = 90.06(3)degrees, gamma = 119.56(5)degrees, V = 2207.5(8) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, R1 = 0.0719, wR2 = 0.1990. It has a disordered alpha-Keggin PMo12O403- anion, which contains the strong alternating short (mean 1.844 Angstrom) and long (mean 1.958 Angstrom) Mo-O-Mo bonds. In the unit cell, crown ethers and molybdophosphates are alternatively arranged in good order along c-axis. An oxonium ion is located at the center of a crown ether molecule., Oxonium ion interacts with 18C6 by the means of hydrogen bonds (mean 2.7771 Angstrom), which are electrostatic or resonant. The observations show the existence of [H3O(C12H24O6)](+) (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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用溶胶 -凝胶法合成了 Ce1-x Cax O2 -x(x=0~ 0 .3 5 )系列固体电解质 ,系统地研究了其晶体结构随Ca O含量的变化关系 .XRD测试表明 ,该体系于 1 60℃即形成萤石结构纯相 .高温 XRD表明 ,从室温至80 0℃ ,Ce1-x Cax O2 -x(x=0~ 0 .3 5 )未出现结构相变 .此法合成温度远低于传统的高温固相合成法和水热合成法的温度 .合成物的颗粒小 ,粒度均匀 .在 1 3 0 0℃即可烧结成高致密度样品 .XPS测试表明 ,掺杂 Ca O后吸附氧浓度明显增大 ,氧空位增多 ,电导率和氧离子迁移数增大 ,改善了 Ce O2 基固体电解质的性能 .

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采用传统的“二步法”合成了5种主链含有β-二酮结构的聚酰亚胺(PI).所得聚酰酸(PAA)的特性粘度值在0.31~1.00dL/g之间、热分析结果给出5种PI的玻璃化转变温度在296~312℃之间,10%热失重温度均在428℃以上.

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A numerical method to estimate temperature distribution during the cure of epoxy-terminated poly(phenylene ether ketone) (E-PEK)-based composite is suggested. The effect of the temperature distribution on the selection of cure cycle is evaluated using a suggested alternation criterion. The effect of varying heating rate and thickness on the temperature distribution, viscosity distribution and distribution of the extent of cure reaction are discussed based on the combination of the here-established temperature distribution model and the previously established curing kinetics model and chemorheological model. It is found that, for a thin composite (<=10mm) and low heating rate (<=2.5K/min), the effect of temperature distribution on cure cycle and on the processing window for pressure application can be neglected. Low heating rate is of benefit to reduce the temperature gradient. The processing window for pressure application becomes narrower with increasing thicknesses of composite sheets. The validity of the temperature distribution model and the modified processing window is evaluated through the characterization of mechanical and physical properties of E-PEK-based composite fabricated according to different temperature distribution conditions.

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The electrochemical preparation of highly dispersed Au microparticles on the surfaces of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes and their electrocatalytic activities for the oxidation of formaldehyde were studied. It was found that the reduction of Au3+ to Au is controlled by diffusion and the formation mechanism of Au microparticles on the GC surfaces corresponds to an instantaneous nucleation and diffusion-controlled three dimensional growth process. The particle size is about 80-90 nm in diameter after the electrochemical ageing treatment. These highly dispersed Au microparticles have high surface areas and exhibit better electrocatalytic activity than that of bulk-form Au toward the electrochemical oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline media.

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The anti-aging performance of blends of polystyrene (PS), styrene-butadiene triblock copolymers (SBS), and PS/styrene-butadiene (SB)-4A (Carm star SE block copolymer) has been studied by means of C-13 NMR techniques. It is found that the anti-aging performance of these kinds of blends largely depends on their miscibility with PS of different molecular weight M(PS). The larger the quantities of PS solubilized in polybutadiene (PBD) domains, the better the anti-aging performance of the blends. It is also found that the anti-aging performance of these blends has dependence on molecular architectures of the SE block copolymers. For the aged blends, the double bonds of PBD were broken, meanwhile serious cross-linking networks formed in the blends. The proposed anti-aging mechanism is that the PS solubilized in PBD domains can efficiently prevent oxygen molecules from diffusing into PBD domains, therefore, successfully stop the oxidative process of PBD.

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Crystallization behavior of a series of newly synthesized poly (tetrahydrofuran-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques. The results show that the

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报导了系列聚四氢呋喃-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯结晶-非晶(硬段型)两嵌段共聚物的结晶行为,结果表明,其微相分离和结晶规律与文献上唯一进行过系统研究的同类嵌段共聚物(PEO-b-PS)都有较大的差别;结晶段结晶能力的大小是制约这类体系微相分离和结晶规律的一个重要因素.

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合成了标题络合物的晶体,在四圆衍射仪上测得其晶体结构。晶体Eu(TTA)_4Epy属三斜晶系,P(?)空间群,中心离子Eu(Ⅲ)和4个TTA~-通过8个氧原子螯合配位,Epy为外界阳离子。晶胞参数如下:a=12.437(5),b=17.816(3),c=10,706(3)(?),α=90.92(2)°,β=102.01(3)°,γ=87.10(2)°,Z=2。此外,还对该化合物的热稳定性、红外及紫外可见光谱以及荧光性质进行了研究。

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Eleven pairs of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar gametophytes were identified with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. After screening 100 primers, 20 ten-base primers were determined for the RAPD analysis. A total of 312 polymorphic loci were obtained, of which 97.7% were polymorphic. The primer S198 was found to distinguish all the selected Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes. The genetic distances between each two of the twenty-two U. pinnatifida gametophytes ranged from 0.080 to 0.428, while the distances to the Laminaria was 0.497 on average. After reexamination, two sequences characterized amplification region (SCAR) markers were successfully converted, which could be applied to U. pinnatifida germplasm identification. All these results demonstrated the feasibility of applying RAPD markers to germplasm characterization and identification of U. pinnatifida gametophytes, and to provide a molecular basis for Undaria breeding.

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南美洲白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)在龄期分别为9和12个周月时实施眼柄摘除手术,均能有效地诱导卵巢发育并成熟。其差别为前者需要三个月后才能产卵,而后者中需20天,相对而言龄期越大卵巢催熟的效果越明显。但上述期内,两栖批对虾所产卵粒幸免存在质量差,数量明显减少的问题,说明该虾种在龄期达12个周月时实施催熟手术仍然为时尚早。中国对虾Penaeus chinensis(0'sbeck)眼柄中所含的性腺抑制激素(GIH)对于雌虾的卵巢发育具有显著的抑制作用。实验结果表明:摘眼迟了8天多。这种抑制效应并不受提供眼柄的对虾性别的限制。注射眼柄提取液对卵巢发育所产生的抑制作用是暂时性的,一旦停止注射,被抑制的卵巢能够重新发育,并成熟产卵。

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本研究构建了迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)LSE40 基因组fosmid文库,该文库共包含2 500个克隆,插入片段平均大小为33.6kb,文库总容量约84Mb,覆盖E.tarda LSE40基因组(按5Mb计算)超过16倍。随机挑取1 000个fosmid克隆进行双末端测序共得到1 741条高质量的序列,序列平均长度546 bp,全长949 997bp,约为E.tarda基因组的19%。将这些序列提交到KEGG自动注释服务器KAAS对所得序列进行代谢途径分析,得到E.tarda LSE40的KO (KEGG Orthology) 注释。分析结果表明,与代谢途径相关的基因有932条序列,与环境信息处理相关基因283条,与遗传信息处理相关基因220条,与细胞进程和人类疾病相关的基因分别为64条和16条。同时将序列进行BlastX,按照微生物致病性共同主题找到61个毒力相关基因。Fosmid文库的建立和部分基因组序列的生物信息学分析为进一步研究E.tarda LSE40的致病机制、代谢机制和生理生态机制提供了丰富的物质基础。 通过比较基因组的方法,从E.tarda LSE40 fosmid文库克隆到编码寡肽透过酶的opp基因簇,该基因簇全长6 741bp,含有5个ORF,依次编码OppA-B-C-D-F 5个蛋白;位于oppA和oppB的间隔区和oppF之后的非编码区各有一个茎环结构,推测分别为oppA和opp基因簇的转录终止子。以细菌OppA的保守结构域SBP_bac_5构建系统发生树,结果显示E.tarda LSE40与同属细菌E.ictaluri的亲缘关系最近,与肠杆菌科细菌的亲缘关系较近,与革兰氏阳性细菌的亲缘关系较远,表明OppA的SBP_bac_5结构域可作为细菌分类鉴定的依据。 从E.tarda LSE40 fosmid文库克隆aroA基因全序列,该序列全长1 287bp,编码428个氨基酸,与鲶鱼爱德华氏菌(E. ictaluri)氨基酸相似性在94%,与其他肠杆菌科菌如Escherichia coli和Yersinia enterocolitica相似性在73%-74%。通过In-frame deletion构建了E.tarda LSE40 aroA缺失突变株。与野生型相比,aroA突变株的半数致死量LD50提高了62倍。在牙鲆接种~106cfu/ml的E.tarda细菌时,接种野生型细菌的牙鲆在6天内全部死亡,濒死鱼的细菌数达7.97×108cfu/ 100mg;而接种aroA突变株的牙鲆没有出现死亡,28天后检测不到细菌的存在。实验结果为进一步评价aroA突变株作为减毒活疫苗打下了基础。

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本文研究了16口虾塘的饲料投喂量、水位、盐度、透明度、水温、pH、溶解氧浓度、NH3-N浓度、水色、对虾体长及浮游植物的种类和数量等水体理化因子和生物因子的变化。经过统计分析结果如下: 在养殖前4个月饲料的日平均投喂量基本上呈一个倒“U”型。即随着养殖时间的推移,饲料日平均投喂量逐渐增大,到养殖60 d左右,饲料日平均投喂量达到了最大值,然后进入一个平台期,平台期大约维持30 d左右,随后饲料日平均投喂量逐渐减少。在120 d~130 d饲料日平均投喂量降到最低点后又逐渐回升。 水位平均值变化趋势基本相同,均为前浅后深,即随着养殖时间的推移养殖水位平均值逐渐加深 。 盐度变化趋势基本相同,均为前低后高,即随着养殖时间的推移养殖水体盐度逐渐升高。 透明度的总体变化趋势为:早上透明度比下午大,前期透明度比后期大。 水温基本上是随着养殖时间的推移而逐渐下降。6:30的水温比17:30的水温低。且6:30水温与17:30水温基本上呈平行趋势。 pH变化的总体趋势为:前期较高,随着养殖时间的推移pH逐渐下降,到中期(90d左右)pH降到最低点,尔后又逐渐上升,略呈“V”字形。早上的pH比下午的低。且早上的pH与下午的pH基本上呈平行趋势,间或有较大波动。 6:30时溶解氧浓度的平均值随着养殖时间的推移而逐渐增高。17:30时溶解氧浓度的平均值在整个养殖过程中比较平稳。同时,17:30时溶解氧浓度的平均值高于6:30,养殖前期(前90d)这种趋势更明显。 NH3-N浓度的平均值随着养殖时间的推移而逐渐增高。在养殖后期NH3-N浓度的波动较大。同时,养殖过程中17:30时NH3-N浓度的平均值高于6:30。 6:30时出现9~21号水色,它们出现的比例分别为:9号占0.1%,10号占0.3%,11号占1.1%, 12号0.6%,13号1.5%,14号占3.7%,15号占7.1%,16号占17.5%,17号占22.0%,18号占15.9%,19号占13.7%,20号10.9%,21号占5.8%;17:30时出现11~21号水色,它们出现的比例分别为11号占0.1%, 12号占0.3%,13号占1.2%,14号占4.0%,15号占6.0%,16号占17.8%,17号占24.7%,18号占18.1%,19号占11.8%,20号占9.7%,21号5.7%。 在11种典型水色中共检出浮游植物67种。其中11号水色检出16种,优势种为诺马斜纹藻(占总数47.1%)和菱形海线藻(占总数29.8%)。12号水色共检出16种,优势种为原甲藻(占总数40.85%)和圆筛藻(占总数20.73%)。13号水色共检出16种,优势种为颤藻(占总数45.58%)。14号水色共检出18种,优势种为拟货币直链藻(占总数56.73%)和膝沟藻(占总数12.87%)。15号水色共检出18种,优势种为诺马斜纹藻(占总数64.76%)。16号水色共检出16种,优势种为拟货币直链藻(占总数69.93%)。17号水色共检出14种,优势种为诺马斜纹藻(占总数62.56%)和膝沟藻(占总数15.76%)。18号水色共检出21种,优势种为拟货币直链藻(占总数71.19%)。19号水色共检出18种,优势种为圆筛藻(占总数94.99%)。20号水色共检出18种,优势种为圆筛藻(占总数87.14%)。21号水色共检出15种,优势种为拟货币直链藻(占总数59.80%)和萎软几内亚藻(占总数17.57%)。 相关分析结果表明高位池理化因子中对水色的主要影响因素:17:30PH值、养殖生物量、17:30NH3-N、17:30 透明度、水交换量。 对体长的主要影响因素为 6:30溶解氧、水交换量、17:30水色、饲料投喂量、盐度、17:30透明度、17:30水温、6:30NH3-N。 对对虾本身生物学形状对体重的影响研究表明体长、头胸甲长、胸宽、额剑下缘刺数目对体重的通径系数达到显著水平,它们是直接影响体重的重要指标,其中体长对体重的直接影响(0.428**)最大,是影响体重的最主要因素,其次为头胸甲长(0.290**)和胸宽(0.245**),额剑下缘刺数对体重的直接影响(0.070*)较小;胸高与体重的相关程度很大(0.7923),但它与额剑上缘刺数对体重的直接影响都非常小,主要通过其他性状间接影响活体重,是影响体重的次要因素。

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分析牦牛放牧强度对小嵩草(Kobrecia parva)高寒草甸生物量和群落结构的影响。结果表明:优良牧草比例和牦牛个体增重的年度变化呈正相关;在牦牛放牧条件下,优良牧草比例年度变化是评价小嵩草高寒草甸放牧价值的直接度量指标;而相似性系数和草地质量指数的变化与牦牛生产力没有明显的联系,只能指示植物群落整体的相对变化程度;当放牧强度为1.86头/hm^2时,能维持优良牧草比例和牦牛年度增重,是保持小嵩草高寒草甸不退化的适宜放牧强度。

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青海省地处青藏高原东北部,是我国长江、黄河和澜沧江的发源地,素有“江河源”之称。青海高原湿地类型包括自然湿地和人工湿地两大类型,湿地总面积约55 662.7km~2,占全省土地总面积的7.7%。高原湿地分布特点主要表现为3种形式:1)以湖泊或浅塘为中心的环带状分布;2)以河流为中心的条带状分布;3)河源区的斑块状镶嵌分布。高原湿地生物种类较为丰富,有湿地种子植物约428种;湿地动物约151种,其中鸟类约73种、鱼类约55种、哺乳类约14种以及两栖类9种。湿地植被有水生植被、沼泽植被和沼泽草甸3大基本类型。近几十年来,青海高原湿地出现湖泊水位下降、湖泊面积萎缩、河流出现断流以及沼泽湿地退化等方面的明显变化。鉴于高原湿地的生态功能和作用,应加强青海高原湿地的保护。