ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCHES AT COOLER STORAGE RING IN LANZHOU

The commissioning of the cooler storage rings (CSR) was successful, and the facility provides new possibilities for atomic physics with highly charged ions. Bare carbon, argon ions, were successfully stored in the main ring CSRm, cooled by cold electron beam, and accelerated up to 1 GeV/u. Heavier ions as Xe44+ and Kr28+ were also successfully stored in the CSRs. Both of the rings are equipped with new generation of electron coolers which can provide different electron beam density distributions. Electron-ion interactions, high precision X-ray spectroscopy, complete kinematical measurements for relativistic ion-atom collisions will be performed at CSRs. Laser cooling of heavy ions are planned as well. The physics programs and the present status will be summarized.

Kinetics of acetic acid esterification with 2-ethoxyethanol over an Al-pillared clay catalyst

The Al-pillared clay catalyst obtained by exposing activated clay powder to sulfuric acid and aluminium salts and calcining in air at 373-673 K, was found to be highly active for the title reaction. The results indicated that pillared layer clay of the mixed oxide has been employed as parent catalysts for their definite structure and special properties which can be modified by the substitution of L and B acid sites cations. Solid acid catalyst of Supported aluminium was found to be highly active and selective at the 373-473 K temperature range for heterogeneous esterification. The activity is mainly attributed to the Lewis (and a considerably small number of Bronsted) acid sites whose number and strength increased due to pillaring. The water produced in the esterification can be induced by Al3+, which makes the catalyst surface to form strong B acid. Their acidities are obtained by pH measurement. If only B acid sites are > 70%, and pH < 1 in the 2-ethoxyethanol, there exists an activity of esterification. The used catalyst gave identical results with that of the fresh one. X-ray diffraction spectra show that the composition and active phase of the used catalysts are the same as the fresh ones. The kinetic study of the reaction was carried out by an integral method of analysis. The kinetic equation of surface esterification is y = 2.36x - 0.98.

辽河三角洲滨海湿地景观规划各预案对指示物种生境适宜性的影响

运用景观生态决策与评价支持系统 ( LEDESS)对辽河三角洲的 3个景观规划预案 ,即湿地调整、生境管理和农业开发可能导致的地表覆盖物、自然生态单元等立地环境以及保护物种生境适宜性等区域生态后果进行了评估 ,并与现状进行了对比。模拟结果表明 ,预案 A通过湿地调整措施不仅补偿了芦苇湿地的损失 ,还将部分不适宜生境和边境生境转变核心生境 ,相当程度上优化了保护物种丹顶鹤和黑嘴鸥的生境质量。预案 B通过一系列生境管理措施 ,减轻了生境破碎化因素的影响 ,从而也显著改善了丹顶鹤生境质量 ,对黑嘴鸥生境质量也有一定改善。预案 C大规模农业开发如能控制一定规模 ( 80 0 0 hm2 )并采取一定合理模式 (滚动开发 ) ,能相当程度上减轻农业开发对物种生境的影响 ,即使不采取生境补偿措施 ,对丹顶鹤、黑嘴鸥核心生境也不会有破坏性的影响。模拟结果还表明 ,区域人类活动导致的生境破碎化是对丹顶鹤生境质量重要的干扰因子 ,而滩涂农业开发和水产养殖强烈地干扰了滩涂植被正常的演替过程 ,从而影响着黑嘴鸥等滩涂鸟类的生境适宜性。

融合株SPSC发酵生产酒精的工艺研究Ⅰ.絮凝速率、发酵过程的最适温度和pH值

酿酒酵母属(S. cereviae)变异株和粟酒裂殖酵母属(S. pombe)变异株进行属间原生质体融合得到融合株SPSC,该融合株比S. cereviae具有强的自身絮凝能力。以葡萄糖浓度150g/L的底物在30～44℃的温度范围内进行摇瓶厌氧发酵,获得最佳温度范围为34～38℃,最高发酵温度为40℃。在有效容积2.35L悬浮床反应器中,在pH值3.0～5.0范围内进行连续发酵,获得最适发酵pH为3.5～4.5。

章古台沙地樟子松人工林土壤盐分动态变化研究

通过应用电导率法,对不同密度和不同年龄沙地樟子松人工林分内土壤盐分总量和各种阳离子含量进行一个生长季的观测,结果表明:各标准地不同土层土壤盐分含量都很小,且在7~9月变化幅度较小,波动范围在5%~27%之间;表层土壤盐分含量季节变化规律基本一致,最大值均出现在8月份,其它层次土壤盐分含量季节变化各标准地间差异很大。各标准地土壤剖面盐分垂直变化幅度均不大,但在整个观测季节基本表现出了随着土壤深度增加而增大的趋势,土壤中K+含量很低,变化幅度小;土壤中其它阳离子的含量及变化趋势与K+相似。因此,综合可以推断,在目前密度和年龄条件下,章古台沙地樟子松人工林土壤盐分总量及其各阳离子与林分密度和年龄几乎无关;沙地樟子松人工林衰退与土壤盐分没有直接的关系。

中国资源管理模式的发展历程与改革思路

研究资源管理模式对实现自然资源可持续利用具有重要意义。中国在开发利用自然资源的过程中,经过了供给管理、需求管理、资源化管理、资产化管理等几个不同的管理模式,在分析比较这些管理模式的产生背景、主要内容和优缺点的基础上,借鉴国外发达国家资源管理模式的成功经验,认为中国应该采用资源化管理与资产化管理相结合的资源管理模式,提出了部分对策建议。

Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995-2000

It is more and more acknowledged that land-use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject urgently to be dealt with in the study of global environmental change. Supported by the Landsat TM digital images, spatial patterns and temporal variation of land-use change during 1995 -2000 are studied in the paper. According to the land-use dynamic degree model, supported by the 1km GRID data of land-use change and the comprehensive characters of physical, economic and social features, a dynamic regionalization of land-use change is designed to disclose the spatial pattern of land-use change processes. Generally speaking, in the traditional agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Yangtze River Delta and Sichuan Basin, the built-up and residential areas occupy a great proportion of arable land, and in the interlock area of farming and pasturing of northern China and the oases agricultural zones, the reclamation I of arable land is conspicuously driven by changes of production conditions, economic benefits and climatic conditions. The implementation of "returning arable land into woodland or grassland" policies has won initial success in some areas, but it is too early to say that the trend of deforestation has been effectively reversed across China. In this paper, the division of dynamic regionalization of land-use change is designed, for the sake of revealing the temporal and spatial features of land-use change and laying the foundation for the study of regional scale land-use changes. Moreover, an integrated study, including studies of spatial pattern and temporal process of land-use change, is carried out in this paper, which is an interesting try on the comparative studies of spatial pattern on change process and the change process of spatial pattern of land-use change.

A new method for studying the interaction between chlorpromazine and phospholipid bilayer

The spectroscopic and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of interaction between chlorpromazine (CPZ) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) bilayer by using gold nanoparticles (AuN-Ps) as probes are reported. The DMPG bilayer-protected AuNPs were prepared by a simple one-step method. The DMPG bilayer tethered on the AuNPs was considered as a biomembrane model. The addition of CPZ affected the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and morphology of the prepared AuNPs, and this effect was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM.

Preparation of Prussian blue@Pt nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes composite material for efficient determination of H2O2

In this study, the fabrication of an efficient amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor with favorable properties is presented. Prussian blue (PB) was catalytically synthesized by Pt nanoparticles (Pt-nano) from ferric ferricyanide aqueous solution to form PB@Pt-nano hybrid, and it was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and optical spectra. The electrochemical behavior of PB@Pt-nano was highly improved through its integration with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) modified carbon nanotubes (PCNTs).

Reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) in air condition

In general, the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in solids needs an annealing Process in a reducing atmosphere. in this paper, it is of great interest and importance to find that the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ can be realized in a series of alkaline-earth metal aluminum silicates MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) just in air condition. The Eu2+-doped MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) powder samples were prepared in air atmosphere by Pechini-type sol-gel process. It was found that the strong hand emissions of 4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) from Eu2+ were observed at 417, 404 and 373 nm in air-annealed CaAl2Si2O8, SrAl2Si2O8 and BaAl2Si2O8, respectively, under ultraviolet excitation although the Eu3+ precursors were employed. In addition, under low-voltage electron beam excitation, Eu2+-doped MAl2Si2O8 also shows strong blue or ultraviolet emission corresponding to 4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) transition.