长江八里江江段江豚种群数量、行为及其活动规律与保护

198 9～ 1999年 ,在长江八里江江段对江豚进行了 2 8次往返观察和 8次定点观察。结果表明 ,近 10年八里江江段江豚种群数量逐年呈明显递减趋势 ,平均每年以 7.3%速率递减 ;1996年后 ,枯水季节江豚不再进行江—湖迁移 ,其活动范围仅限于 2 0km的长江八里江江段 ,较 1993年以前缩短了约 40km。江豚在八里江江段的行为多种多样 ,通过对江豚种群在八里江江段的集群、摄食、逃避、发情与交配、抚幼、歇息和玩耍行为的描述、比较和分析 ,认为长江八里江江段是江豚典型的摄食和抚幼场所 ,同

鲤鲫人工多倍体谱系中同工酶和蛋白的基因表达

通过对红鲤、红鲫、镜鲤、鲤鲫杂种二倍体一代 ,二代 ,鲤鲫杂种三倍体 ,鲤鲫复合三倍体 ,鲤鲫杂种四倍体一代 ,二代的同工酶及蛋白电泳谱型和扫描数据分析表明 :在鲤鲫人工多倍体谱系中 ,亲代的等位基因在杂交子代中共有四种表达模式 :( 1 )两亲本基因在子代中共同表达 ,即共显表达 ;( 2 )父本的基因表达受到部分或完全的抑制 ,即母本的基因优先得到表达 ;( 3)母本的基因表达受到抑制 ,父本的基因得到表达 ;( 4 )双亲本的基因表达均受到一定程度的抑制或都不表达。其中第一种表达模式是主要的模式。根

圆形碘泡虫孢子的分离纯化与裂解

中国科学院重大项目 (KZ951 -B1 -1 1 1 ) ; 中国科学院生命科学与生物技术青年科学家小组项目( 1 9990 51 ) ; 中国科学院知识创新项

人工合成草鱼生长激素cDNA在大肠杆菌中的表达

经密码子优化的人工合成草鱼生长激素ｃＤＮＡ与表达载体ｐＥＴ－２８ａ（＋）重组，构建重组表达质粒ｐＥＴ－ＧＨ。转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３），筛选阳性克隆，ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达。１２．５％的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析显示，大肠杆菌表达产物中含有与草鱼生长激素分子量一致的新增蛋白带，激光密度扫描，其产量约占菌体总蛋白的４０％。金属离子螯合层析柱亲和纯化，获得电泳纯的重组蛋白。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ和酶联免疫吸附受体法检测证实：重组蛋白与抗草鱼生长激素的多克隆抗体发生特异性结合；复性后的重组蛋白有与天然草鱼生长

秦岭西段鱼类多样性现状初报

对秦岭西段汉江水系和嘉陵江水系的鱼类和环境调查显示 ,人类活动对鱼类多样性产生了较大的影响。本文试图对该地区鱼类多样性丧失的现状加以报道并对原因进行分析。以前该地区鱼类共有 142种 ,本次调查的渔获物中只有 34种。鱼类物种资源的减少是多种因素造成的 :水坝的修建使得鱼类栖息地环境改变从而导致鱼类的种类和种群数量变化 ,水污染、过度捕捞和非法渔业也在一定程度上破坏了鱼类物种多样性。

揭开武汉东湖蓝藻水华消失之谜

水华（亦称湖靛）是湖泊富营养化最恶劣的表征之一。武汉东湖７０年代至１９８４年间每年夏季出现蓝藻水华，１９８５年起突然消失，至今已有１４年没有重现，原因何在？通过三次设在湖里的围隔试验，证明鲢鳙的大量放养，是水华消失的决定性因素。文章报道了三次原地围隔试验的情况，结合东湖鲢鳙生物量的鱼群探测仪记录，指出鲢鳙的放养密度达到每立方米水（即１ｔ有鱼５０ｇ）（即市制１两）时，就能控制蓝藻水华的发生。文章还对治理水体富营养化的流行学说—生物操纵论进行了评论。

鱼类病原菌耐药质粒的研究概况

鱼类病原菌耐药质粒的研究概况李爱华王伟俊（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２自５０年代起，许多国家仿照畜牧业上的做法，广泛使用化学治疗药物来防治鱼类疾病。其后果不可避免地导致耐药菌的出现。早在１９５７年，美国就观察到由耐磺胺药的Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎ...

中国自由生活线虫新记录(色矛目、嘴刺目和窄咽目)

本文报道淡水、土壤自由生活线虫国内新记录11种，即：田园素矛线虫Achromadoraruricola，半棘素矛线虫Achromadorasemiarmata,叉齿烙线虫Ironusdentifurcatus，好逸烙线虫Ironusignavus，亲邻三孔线虫Tripylaaffinis，球形三孔线虫Tripylaglomerans，谢氏小三孔线虫Tripylinasheri,墙根绕线虫Plectusparietinus,似疑绕线虫Plectusinquirendus,愁容筒咽线虫Cylindrolaim

武昌的秀体溞

<正> 秀体溞(Diaphanosoma)是枝角类栉足族仙达溞科(Sididae)中包括种类最多的一个属,根据已往的记录,共计约有20种。关于我国秀体溞的计载,总共只有7种。最早是由 Spandl 在广东记述了镰角秀体溞(D.excisum Sars)一种。上野益三曾发表过有关我国枝角类的文章多篇,他报告了浙江、四川、台湾、黑龙江、吉林以及内蒙古等地的秀体溞共有6种,即:短尾秀体溞[D.brachyurum(Liévin)],长肢秀体溞

Molecular characterization and expression profiles in response to bacterial infection of Chinese soft-shelled turtle interleukin-8 (IL-8), the first reptilian chemokine gene

In this study, an IL-8 homologue has been cloned and identified from a reptile, Chinese soft-shelled turtle for the first time. The full-length cDNA of turtle IL-8 was 1188 bp and contained a 312 bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of 104 amino acids. The chemokine CXC domain, which contained Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif and four cysteine residues, was well conserved in turtle IL-8. The 4924 bp genomic DNA of turtle IL-8 contained four exons and three introns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of turtle IL-8 clustered together with birds. RT-PCR analysis showed that turtle IL-8 mRNA was constitutively expressed liver, spleen, kidney, heart, blood and intestine tissues of control turtles. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis further indicated that the turtle IL-8 mRNA expression was apparent in various tissues at 8 h and up-regulated significantly during 8 h-7 d after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The present studies will help us to understand the evolution of IL-8 molecule and the inflammatory response mechanism in reptiles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from O'ahu, Hawai'i

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been detected for the first time at a range from 231.58 to 685.61 ng g(-1) lipid weight in the muscles of tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from O'ahu, an island of the geographically isolated Hawaiian archipelago.

Physiological and biochemical responses of Scytonema javanicum (cyanobacterium) to salt stress

Scytonema javanicum (Kutz.) Born et Flah (cyanobacterium) is one of the species distributed widely in the crust of desert soils regularly subjected to severe water stress. To investigate the response of the species to salt stress, many physiological and biochemical parameters, including growth rate, ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm), reactive oxidative species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined in culture. The results showed that 50 mM NaCl inhibited growth and Fv/Fm in the medium BG-110, and that the inhibition was maximum after 1-2 days' exposure to salt stress; 50 mM NaCl also increased the contents of ROS and MDA in treated cells, which suggests that salt stress may lead to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in the alga. Further, changes in the antioxidative enzymes SOD and CAT in the treated alga were consistent with changes in ROS and MDA at certain extent. These observations suggest that oxidative stress resulting from salt stress in S. javanicum could result in the production of antioxidative enzymes to counteract the oxidative damage, and the enzymes may contribute to the ability of S. javanicum to survive the adverse desert environment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Molecular cloning and expression pattern of 14 kDa apolipoprotein in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

A novel fish-specific apolipoprotein (apo-14 kDa) has been recently cloned from eel and pufferfish. However, its expression pattern has not been elucidated. in this study, EcApo-14 has been screened from hypothalamic cDNA library of male orange-spotted grouper, which shows 62.9%, 51%, 46.9%, 43.2%, and 31.9% identities to Apo-14 of European flounder, pufferfish, Japanese eel, gibel carp, and grass carp, respectively. RT-PCR analysis reveals that this gene is first transcribed in neurula embryos and maintains a relatively stable expression level during the following embryogenesis. EcApo-14 transcripts are at a very high level during embryonic and early larval development in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), and decrease in YSL and form intense staining in liver at 3 days after hatching. In adult tissues, EcApo-14 is predominantly expressed in liver and brain. The data suggested that EcApo-14 might play an important role in liver and brain morphogenesis and growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Genetic differentiation in populations of the cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) as revealed by eight microsatellite markers

The genetic structure of populations of the fish cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi collected from Bailianhe Reservoir (BLH), Changshou (CSH) and Liangzi (LZH) Lakes was investigated by using 8 microsatellite loci. A total of 108 adult worms were genotyped at each of the 8 loci. For the 3 populations, the mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.38 to 5.5, and the mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.432 to 0.559. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was from 0.384 to 0.492. The significant F-is values indicated non-random mating within LZH and BLH populations. On the other hand, when samples were further classified into subpopulations at the level of host fish species, no or little heterozygote deficiency was detected at most loci, showing that cross-fertilization, predominantly, but not exclusively, must have occurred within the subpopulations. Microsatellite markers also revealed an unexpected high level of genetic differentiation, as measured by R-st and N-m values or by deltau(2) genetic distance among subpopulations from different hosts. Factors influencing the population genetic structure and the parasite host specificity are discussed.

Wide-band polarization-insensitive high-output-power semiconductor optical amplifier based on thin tensile-strained bulk InGaAs

A polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with a very thin active tensile-strained InGaAs bulk has been fabricated. The polarization sensitivity of the amplifier gain is less than 1 dB over both the entire range of driving current and the 3 dB optical bandwidth of more than 80 nm. For optical signals of 1550 nm wavelength, the SOA exhibits a high saturation output power +7.6 dBm together with a low noise figure of 7.5 dB, fibre-to-fibre gain of 11.5 dB, and low polarization sensitivity of 0.5 dB. Additionally, at the gain peak 1520 nm, the fibre-to-fibre gain is measured to be 14.1 dB.